La influencia de la televisión en el alumnado de tercer ciclo de Primaria en el ámbito rural y urbano. Estudio de casos

Con esta investigación cualitativa se estudia cómo influye la televisión en los contextos vitales de dos grupos escolares de tercer ciclo de primaria (uno del ámbito rural y otro urbano). Entre las conclusiones destacan el elevado, solitario y poco critico consumo televisivo, por ello es necesario que los responsables educativos comenzando por la Administración, siguiendo por los directivos de los medios de masas, los creativos, los padres y por último el profesorado apuesten urgentemente por una adecuada alfabetización mediática. En la última parte se aportan guías didácticas -para los distintos sectores implicados- y una propuesta curricular para ayudar en las nuevas competencias que deberá o debería tener el profesorado actual

International Consensus Document on Obstructive Sleep Apnea

El objetivo principal de este documento internacional de consenso sobre apnea obstructiva del sueno es proporcionar unas directrices que permitan a los profesionales sanitarios tomar las mejores decisiones en la asistencia de los pacientes adultos con esta enfermedad según un resumen crítico de la literatura más actualizada. El grupo de trabajo de expertos se ha constituido principalmente por 17 sociedades científicas y 56 especialistas con amplia representación geográfica (con la participación de 4 sociedades internacionales), además de un metodólogo experto y un documentalista del Centro Cochrane Iberoamer icano. El documento consta de un manuscrito principal, con las novedades más relevantes del DIC, y una serie de manuscritos online que recogen las búsquedas bibliográficas sistemáticas de cada uno de los apartados del DIC. Este documento no cubre la edad pediátrica ni el manejo del paciente en ventilación mecánica crónica no invasiva (que se publicarán en sendos documentos de consenso aparte)

Population-based multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain): rationale and study design

Introduction: We present the protocol of a large population-based case-control study of 5 common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain) that evaluates environmental exposures and genetic factors. Methods: Between 2008-2013, 10,183 persons aged 20-85 years were enrolled in 23 hospitals and primary care centres in 12 Spanish provinces including 1,115 cases of a new diagnosis of prostate cancer, 1,750 of breast cancer, 2,171 of colorectal cancer, 492 of gastro-oesophageal cancer, 554 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 4,101 population-based controls matched by frequency to cases by age, sex and region of residence. Participation rates ranged from 57% (stomach cancer) to 87% (CLL cases) and from 30% to 77% in controls. Participants completed a face-to-face computerized interview on sociodemographic factors, environmental exposures, occupation, medication, lifestyle, and personal and family medical history. In addition, participants completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire and telephone interviews. Blood samples were collected from 76% of participants while saliva samples were collected in CLL cases and participants refusing blood extractions. Clinical information was recorded for cases and paraffin blocks and/or fresh tumor samples are available in most collaborating hospitals. Genotyping was done through an exome array enriched with genetic markers in specific pathways. Multiple analyses are planned to assess the association of environmental, personal and genetic risk factors for each tumor and to identify pleiotropic effects. Discussion: This study, conducted within the Spanish Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), is a unique initiative to evaluate etiological factors for common cancers and will promote cancer research and prevention in Spain.The study was partially funded by the “Accion Transversal del Cancer”, approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01903, PS09/02078, PS09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL, by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP 061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country by European Commission grants FOOD-CT- 2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the The Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489

Validation of a histologic scoring index for C3 glomerulopathy

12 p.-4 fig.-4 tab.Rationale & objective: A previous study that evaluated associations of kidney biopsy findings with disease progression in patients with C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) proposed a prognostic histologic index (C3G-HI) that has not yet been validated. Our objective was to validate the performance of the C3G-HI in a new patient population.Study design: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study.Setting & participants: 111 patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria of C3G between January 1995 and December 2019, from 33 nephrology departments belonging to the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases (GLOSEN).Predictors: Demographic, clinical parameters, C3G-HI total activity score, and the C3G-HI total chronicity score.Outcome: Time to kidney failure.Analytical approach: Intraclass correlation coefficients and κ statistic were used to summarize inter-rater reproducibility for assessment of histopathology in kidney biopsies. The nonlinear relationships of risk of kidney failure with the total activity score and total chronicity score were modeled using Cox proportional hazards analysis that incorporated cubic splines.Results: The study group included 93 patients with C3 glomerulonephritis and 18 with dense-deposit disease. Participants had an overall meanage of 35±22 (SD) years. Forty-eight patients (43%) developed kidney failure after a mean follow-up of 65±27 months. The overall inter-rater reproducibility was very good for the total activity score (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.63) and excellent for total chronicity score (ICC=0.89). Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 24-hour proteinuria, and treatment with immunosuppression were the main determinants of kidney failure in a model with only clinical variables. Only tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were identified as predictors in a model with histological variables. When the total activity score and total chronicity score were added to the model, only the latter was identified as an independent predictor of kidney failure.Limitations: Only a subset of the kidney biopsies was centrally reviewed. Residual confounding.Conclusions: We validated the performance of C3G-HI as a predictor of kidney failure in patients with C3G. The total chronicity score was the principal histologic correlate of kidney failure.Work in this study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III /Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ISCIII/FEDER) grant PI16/01685 and Red de Investigación Renal (RedInRen) (RD12/0021/0029) (to MP), the Autonomous Region of Madrid (S2017/BMD-3673) (to MP); EGdeJ is supported by the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades" (RYC-2013-13395 and RTI2018-095955-B-100).Peer reviewe

La influencia de la televisión en el alumnado de tercer ciclo de primaria en el ámbito rural y urbano : estudio de casos

Indagar los distintos conocimientos, hábitos, y actitudes ante el medio televisivo de dos entornos diferentes, por una parte los-as niños-as que provienen de un centro escolar urbano y por otra la de los-as niños-as de un centro escolar de pueblo (cuyos niños-as provienen de distintas pedanías que circundan una barriada distante del pueblo, que es donde se ubica el centro escolar). Comprender los contextos escolares, de forma personal, partiendo de las aportaciones de todos los miembros de su entorno educativo. Investigar propuestas de mejora para un consumo más inteligente de los medios de comunicación y específicamente de la televisión. El estudio está dentro de las coordenadas de la investigación cualitativa. Frente al paradigma cuantitativo con una concepción positivista, orientada en los resultados. Los sujetos de esta investigación son los principales protagonistas, ya que son todos los alumnos de quinto del Centro de Educación Infantil Torrijos (rural) y los de quinto y sexto del Centro de Educación Infantil Gandhi (urbano), ambos de la provincia de Málaga, los-as encuestados-as y entrevistados-as, los que aportan la mayor parte de la información. A pesar de que los cuestionarios y las entrevistas van a tener el mayor peso en la recepción de información, también se vale de otros instrumentos, como son la observación propia, la del profesorado, diario, técnicas de grupo, juego dramático etc. Los otros cuestionarios (a padres-madres y profesores-as) son complementarios y se usan para completar y triangular datos. Destacar que la fundamentación de este trabajo permite constatar, tras una amplia revisión de la literatura científica, que más de lo deseable se encuentra dispersa, desconectada y se comprueba la carencia de investigación, tanto sumativa como formativa, en el diseño de los programas educativos e infantiles realizados en España. En la segunda década del siglo XXI los-as niños-as usan más pantallas (internet, videojuegos, televisión, etc.) que redundan en un mayor entretenimiento y evasión. Las multipantallas siguen desplazando cada vez más a otras actividades socializadoras de contacto directo, especialmente a los juegos tradicionales. El juego es muy importante para el desarrollo de la personalidad de los-as niños-as. Muchos juegos necesitan de espacios adecuados y seguros, sin embargo se constata que hay grandes carencias por parte de los adultos en general y las instituciones en particular por paliar las deficiencias de espacios y lugares de recreo para las familias y el gozo de los-as niños-as. La televisión y especialmente su publicidad en distintos soportes y medios pretende causar distintas influencias, especialmente persuasivas, a corto y largo plazo. En función del nivel se pueden diferenciar entre efectos cognitivos (relacionados con el aprendizaje de información o la adquisición de ideas), conductuales (relacionados con la influencia de los medios en el comportamiento de las personas), actitudinales (intervienen cuando se producen la creación o el modelado de opiniones), emocionales (relacionados con la experiencia subjetiva de sensaciones afectivas de carácter leve e intenso) y fisiológicos (relacionados con la activación del sistema nervioso autónomo). En resumen las conclusiones que mas destacan son el elevado, solitario y poco critico consumo televisivo, por ello es necesario que los responsables educativos comenzando por la Administración, siguiendo por los directivos de los medios de masas, los creativos, los padres y por último el profesorado apuesten urgentemente por una adecuada alfabetización mediática. Se aportan guías didácticas -para los distintos sectores implicados- y una propuesta curricular para ayudar en las nuevas competencias que deberá o debería tener el profesorado.AndalucíaES

Total effective xenoestrogen burden in serum samples and risk for breast cancer in a population-based multicase-control study in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Most studies on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and breast cancer have focused on single compounds and have produced inconclusive findings. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the combined estrogenic effects of mixtures of xenoestrogens in serum and their relationship to breast cancer risk. METHODS: A total of 186 incident pretreatment breast cancer cases and 196 frequency-matched controls were randomly sampled from a large population-based multicase-control study in Spain. The total effective xenoestrogen burden attributable to organohalogenated xenoestrogens (TEXB-α) and endogenous hormones and more polar xenoestrogens (TEXB-β) was determined in serum samples using high-performance liquid chromatography and E-Screen bioassay. Odds ratios for breast cancer comparing tertiles of serum TEXB-α and TEXB-β were estimated using logistic models, and smooth risk trends were obtained using spline models. RESULTS: Cases had higher geometric mean TEXB-α and TEXB-β levels (8.32 and 9.94 Eeq pM/mL, respectively) than controls (2.99 and 5.96 Eeq pM/mL, respectively). The fully adjusted odds ratios for breast cancer (95% confidence intervals) comparing the second and third tertiles of TEXB-α with the first tertile were 1.77 (0.76, 4.10) and 3.45 (1.50, 7.97), respectively, and those for TEXB-β were 2.35 (1.10, 5.03) and 4.01 (1.88, 8.56), respectively. A steady increase in risk was evident across all detected TEXB-α levels and a sigmoidal trend was observed for TEXB-β. Individual xenoestrogens showed weak and opposing associations with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show a strong positive association between serum total xenoestrogen burden and breast cancer risk, highlighting the importance of evaluating xenoestrogen mixtures, rather than single compounds, when studying hormone-related cancers.This study was partially supported by Acción Transversal del Cancer, approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on 11 October 2007; Carlos III Institute of Health (grants PI08/1770, PI09/00773- Cantabria, PI11/00610, PI12/00265, PI12/00488, PI12/00715, and PI12/01270); and Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (grant API 10/09). Biological samples were stored at biobanks supported by the Carlos III Institute of Health and the European Regional Development Fund (MAR Biobank RD09/0076/00036 and ISCIII Biobank RD09/0076/00108)

Total effective xenoestrogen burden in serum samples and risk for breast cancer in a population-based multicase-control study in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Most studies on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and breast cancer have focused on single compounds and have produced inconclusive findings. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the combined estrogenic effects of mixtures of xenoestrogens in serum and their relationship to breast cancer risk. METHODS: A total of 186 incident pretreatment breast cancer cases and 196 frequency-matched controls were randomly sampled from a large population-based multicase-control study in Spain. The total effective xenoestrogen burden attributable to organohalogenated xenoestrogens (TEXB-α) and endogenous hormones and more polar xenoestrogens (TEXB-β) was determined in serum samples using high-performance liquid chromatography and E-Screen bioassay. Odds ratios for breast cancer comparing tertiles of serum TEXB-α and TEXB-β were estimated using logistic models, and smooth risk trends were obtained using spline models. RESULTS: Cases had higher geometric mean TEXB-α and TEXB-β levels (8.32 and 9.94 Eeq pM/mL, respectively) than controls (2.99 and 5.96 Eeq pM/mL, respectively). The fully adjusted odds ratios for breast cancer (95% confidence intervals) comparing the second and third tertiles of TEXB-α with the first tertile were 1.77 (0.76, 4.10) and 3.45 (1.50, 7.97), respectively, and those for TEXB-β were 2.35 (1.10, 5.03) and 4.01 (1.88, 8.56), respectively. A steady increase in risk was evident across all detected TEXB-α levels and a sigmoidal trend was observed for TEXB-β. Individual xenoestrogens showed weak and opposing associations with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show a strong positive association between serum total xenoestrogen burden and breast cancer risk, highlighting the importance of evaluating xenoestrogen mixtures, rather than single compounds, when studying hormone-related cancers.This study was partially supported by Acción Transversal del Cancer, approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on 11 October 2007; Carlos III Institute of Health (grants PI08/1770, PI09/00773- Cantabria, PI11/00610, PI12/00265, PI12/00488, PI12/00715, and PI12/01270); and Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (grant API 10/09). Biological samples were stored at biobanks supported by the Carlos III Institute of Health and the European Regional Development Fund (MAR Biobank RD09/0076/00036 and ISCIII Biobank RD09/0076/00108)

Proyecto documental : Roque nos enseña las calles de nuestro barrio

El trabajo obtuvo un Premio Tomás García Verdejo a las buenas prácticas educativas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura para el curso académico 2016/2017. Modalidad ASe describe un proyecto llevado a cabo en el CEIP Ntra. Sra. de la Soledad (Badajoz) que consistió en que los alumnos conocieran el barrio donde está ubicado el centro y que reconocieran la vida, trayectoria literaria o artística de los personajes que dan nombre a sus calles. A parte de fomentar este conocimiento se pretendía desarrollar en los alumnos el espíritu periodístico e investigador y la capacidad creadora para la búsqueda de informaciónExtremaduraES