El tratamiento de la problemática medioambiental en Educación Infantil: una propuesta de actuación

El trabajo que se presenta a continuación, surge de la necesidad de concienciar a la sociedad del cambio más que necesario que necesita nuestro planeta. La herramienta más eficaz para lograr cambiar la mentalidad de los ciudadanos, es la educación. Entendemos por educación el proceso de facilitar el aprendizaje en todos sus ámbitos. De manera que mediante un aprendizaje significativo, llevaremos a cabo una metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos, que potencie el desarrollo del niño (tanto personal como académico) y que le ayude a crear conocimiento.Grado en Educación Infanti

An anthropometric and physical condition assessment of university students attending a food assistance program in Colombia.

La etapa universitaria conlleva cambios significativos en los hábitos de alimentación y en la actividad física. Los estudiantes universitarios usualmente no cumplen los requerimientos nutricionales ni de condición física recomendados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional y la condición física de estudiantes de universidad pública, pertenecientes a un programa de asistencia alimentaria. Como método investigativo se empleó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad de Caldas, Colombia. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas de estatura, peso, pliegue bicipital, tricipital, subescapular y suprailiaco, circunferencia de la cintura y del brazo. Además, se realizaron pruebas funcionales de fuerza de prensión manual y test de banco de Harvard. Se calcularon las correlaciones entre variables antropométricas y funcionales. De acuerdo al índice de masa corporal, de 420 estudiantes, 22,4% presentaban malnutrición. El exceso de peso fue 3,6 veces mayor que la desnutrición (17,9 vs. 4,5%). Sin embargo, al medir la grasa corporal la situación empeoró: el 46,4% de ellos tenían exceso de grasa, siendo las mujeres las más afectadas. La circunferencia de la cintura mostró una distribución de la grasa con un predominio abdominal en el 14% de la población. La fuerza y la masa muscular del antebrazo estuvieron disminuidas en casi el 50% de los hombres y el 30% de las mujeres. La condición física fue inadecuada en el 38,1% de los estudiantes y fue mayor en los hombres. Contrario a lo que podría suponerse en estudiantes de una universidad pública y beneficiarios de un programa de asistencia alimentaria, cerca del 50% presentaron exceso de grasa corporal y una inadecuada condición física. Deben hacerse esfuerzos para mejorar los hábitos de alimentación y actividad física, reduciendo el impacto que tiene la malnutrición en el rendimiento académico y en la salud.The university life implies significant changes in the food habits and physical activities. The university students usually don’t fulfill neither the recommended nutritional requirements nor the physical condition advises. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional state and physical condition in Colombian university students attending to a food assistance program. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with undergraduate students from the University of Caldas, Colombia. Anthropometric measurements (e.g. height, weight, biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds, arm and waist circumferences) were taken. Besides, functional manual pressure tests and the Harvard step test were performed. The correlation between anthropometrical and functional variables was calculated. According to the Body mass index (BMI), 22.4% from 420 students had malnutrition. The weight excess was 3.6 times bigger tan undernourishment (17.9 compared to 4.5%). However, when the body fat was measured the situation got worse: the 46.4% of them had fat excess. The women were the most affected. The waist circumference showed a fat distribution with abdominal predominance in 14% of the population. The forearm strength and muscle mass were decreased in almost the 50% of men and 30% of women. The physical condition was inappropriate for the 38.1% of participants with a greater alteration in the men. Contradicting the assumptions, it has found out that around 50% of the public university students and beneficiaries of a food assistance program had body fat excess and an inappropriate physical condition. Efforts to improve the physical activity and food habits must be carried out. At the same time, the impact of the malnutrition in health and academic efficiency must be reduced

Disentangling nutrition facts from fiction : towards healthy and sustainable consumption in industrialized societies

Over the last centuries, in the context of industrialization, globalization, and urbanization, profound dietary changes have occurred. Ubiquitous access to cheap, readily available and highly palatable unhealthy products, together with aggressive marketing that significantly influences social norms, have led to overconsumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. This has not only been associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases, but also with detrimental effects on the world?s natural resources. Broader and braver public health measures favoring the availability and affordability of healthy, minimally processed foods should be implemented in conjunction with educational strategies to re-encourage a healthy and sustainable food consumption

Independent and joined association between socioeconomic indicators and pediatric obesity in Spain: the PASOS Study

[Abstract]: Introduction: Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide. An important determinant of child and adolescent obesity is socioeconomic status (SES). However, the magnitude of the impact of different SES indicators on pediatric obesity on the Spanish population scale is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between three SES indicators and obesity in a nationwide, representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 2791 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years old were included. Their weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SES was assessed using two parent/legal guardian self-reported indicators (educational level -University/non- University- and labor market status -Employed/Unemployed-). As a third SES indicator, the annual mean income per person was obtained from the census section where the participating schools were located (_12.731 /<12.731 ). The prevalence of obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity was 11.5%, 1.4%, and 22.3%, respectively. Logistic regression models showed an inverse association of both education and labor market status with obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity (all p < 0.001). Income was also inversely associated with obesity (p < 0.01) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Finally, the highest composite SES category (University/Employed/_12.731 n = 517) showed a robust and inverse association with obesity (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16–0.48), severe obesity (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.81), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23–0.54) in comparison with the lowest composite SES category (Less than University/Unemployed/<12.731 ; n = 164). No significant interaction between composite SES categories and age and gender was found. SES is strongly associated with pediatric obesity in Spain.The PASOS study was funded by Fundación PROBITAS (2019) and the Gasol Foundation (2019-2020). Additional funds were received from the Barça Foundation (2019-2020), Banco Santander (2019), IFA (2019-2020), Vienna (2019), and the Fundación Deporte Joven (2019) (no references are applicable). J.A.T., M.G.-G. and C.B. are funding by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038, which are co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund

Una propuesta para la enseñanza de las locuciones en la clase de ELE

A pesar de los grandes avances en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la fraseología, el tratamiento que las unidades fraseológicas reciben no siempre resulta totalmente satisfactorio. En este artículo se presenta una secuencia didáctica incluida en la obra Locuciones y refranes para dar y tomar (Gómez González y Ureña Tormo, 2014) y se detalla la experiencia práctica de llevarla a la clase de ELE. Esta propuesta plantea el estudio de un grupo de locuciones relacionadas con la expresión de opiniones y valoraciones, y va dirigida a estudiantes de español de nivel B2, etapa del aprendizaje en que ya se ha alcanzado un cierto dominio del idioma. Siguiendo las bases del enfoque comunicativo, la secuencia incluye una amplia tipología de actividades, distribuidas en distintas fases, con el objetivo de que los estudiantes sean capaces de identificar, comprender y memorizar las locuciones propuestas e integrarlas en su competencia comunicativa.Palabras clave: fraseología, locuciones, valoraciones, enfoque comunicativo

The stress connection in cancer: the adrenergic fuelling of breast tumors

Cancer progression involves complex interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Chronic psychosocial stress and sympathetic nervous system activation lead to abnormal catecholamine release, impacting tumor cells directly and indirectly and fuelling cancer-promoting effects. However, the same adrenergic Receptor (AR) that mediate these effects could also convey exercise-related beneficial changes. Epidemiological studies show conflicting associations between stress, AR inhibitors, and breast cancer (BC) metastatic progression. Adrenergic sympathetic stress triggers sustained inflammatory and hypoxic-related signaling pathways, alters function and distribution of immune cell populations, and remodels blood vessels, leading to immunosuppression and premetastatic site formation. Activated AR initiate feedback loops with tyrosine kinase receptors and chemokine receptors, affecting stem-related transcription factors, pro-inflammatory mediators, angiogenic factors, and energy metabolism regulators, promoting tumor growth and invasion. Understanding molecular mechanisms of agonistic and antagonistic AR ligands and crosstalk with other signaling pathways is crucial for developing effective therapies targeting adrenergic-driven BC progressionP2022/BMD-7209/INTEGRAMUNE-CM, SEV2016-064

Garantías y derechos laborales para los trabajadores sexuales en Colombia

Debido al incremento y correlativamente a esto la falta de regulación normativa que ha surgido en los últimos años respecto al desarrollo de actividades sexuales en Colombia, en especial el modelaje webcam, que a causa de la pandemia de la Covid-19 aumento el consumo y desarrollo de la misma, es importante enmarcar dentro de una relación laboral dicha actividad, con el fin de promover y reconocer la protección de los derechos y garantías derivados de una relación laboral en Colombia.Due to the increase and correlatively with this, the lack of normative regulation that has emerged in recent years regarding the development of sexual activities in Colombia, especially webcam modeling, which, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, increased consumption and development of the same, it is important to frame this activity within an employment relationship, in order to promote and recognize the protection of the rights and guarantees derived from an employment relationship in Colombia

Removal of copper from aqueous solutions by biosorption onto pine sawdust

Untreated Pinus radiata sawdust was investigated for the removal of Cu+2 ions from aqueous solutions. The biomass was characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass (ICP-MS) spectrometry and by Scanning Electron Microscopy with an Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-Ray crystalline powder Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, before and after adsorption. The influence of contact time (up to equilibrium), adsorbent dose (1–50 g/L), initial metal ion concentration (5–300 mg/L) and pH (2–8) on copper sorption efficiency was studied through batch experiments. The results demonstrated that adsorption equilibrium is reached in less than 2 h and the best conditions (Cu+2 removal percentage, 93.4% and adsorption capacity, 0.82 mg/g) were achieved by increasing the adsorbent dose up to 5 g/L and the solution pH up to 7, and decreasing the initial metal concentration to 5 mg/L. The adsorption was optimized by means of a Doehlert experimental design analyzing the influence of adsorbent dose (5–15 g/L) and copper initial concentration (5–45 mg/L) on adsorption efficiency. Kinetic data were satisfactorily fitted to the second-order kinetic model. Intraparticle diffusion model demonstrated that different stages are involved in the adsorption process. Langmuir isotherms fitted satisfactorily the copper bioadsorption equilibrium data. Desorption studies achieved high efficiencies up to 94.5% and the possibility of sawdust regeneration was studied with four adsorption-desorption cycles. Thus, this study evidenced that sawdust is a promising efficient, renewable and economic adsorbent for metal removal and its use for that purpose constitutes an alternative for its management and valorizationThis research was funded by Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional, Xunta de Galicia, grant number ED431B 2020/39S

Uso de la robótica para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la educación primaria en la IES El Salitre, Hato, Cundinamarca

The scenario of education is changing with problems such as the low entry to universities and the low interest of students in schools to enter to study areas with mathematics and physics components such as engineering, there are also gender issues, use of tools, mathematical and verbal skills among others, this article provides the results of research conducted in the departmental educational institution El Salitre, El Hato, Department of La Calera de Cundinamarca in Colombia, This article responds to the question of how the implementation of robotics in the teaching of mathematics can improve the academic skills of students through a set of mathematical activities using robotics from the STEM context, as a result there was evidence of improvement in the control group demonstrating the appropriation of the theory based on the activities performed.El escenario de la educación es cambiante con problemas como el bajo ingreso a las universidades y el poco interés de los estudiantes de los colegios por ingresar a estudiar carreas con componentes de matemáticas y física como las ingenieras, así mismo existen problemáticas de genero, uso de herramientas, capacidades matemáticas y verbales entre otras, este articulo entrega los resultados de la investigación realizada en la institución educativa departamental El Salitre, El Hato, Departamento de la Calera de Cundinamarca en Colombia, donde la problemática hace referencia a la dificultad de los estudiantes de realizar la lectura y representación de números romanos, así como la identificación de ángulos, este articulo responde a la pregunta de como la implementación de la robótica en la enseñanza de las matemáticas puede mejorar las competencias académicas de los estudiantes a través de un conjunto de actividades matemáticas utilizando la robótica desde el contexto STEM, como resultado se evidencio la mejora en el grupo de control demostrando la apropiación de la teroria a parir de las actividades realizadas

Semantic segmentation based on Deep learning for the detection of Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) using synthetic images

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) in lakes and reservoirs have increased substantially in recent decades due to different environmental factors. Its early detection is a crucial issue to minimize health effects, particularly in potential drinking and recreational water bodies. The use of Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) equipped with machine vision systems (cameras) onboard, represents a useful alternative at this time. In this regard, we propose an image Semantic Segmentation approach based on Deep Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the early detection of CyanoHABs considering an ASV perspective. The use of these models is justified by the fact that with their convolutional architecture, it is possible to capture both, spectral and textural information considering the context of a pixel and its neighbors. To train these models it is necessary to have data, but the acquisition of real images is a difficult task, due to the capricious appearance of the algae on water surfaces sporadically and intermittently over time and after long periods of time, requiring even years and the permanent installation of the image capture system. This justifies the generation of synthetic data so that sufficiently trained models are required to detect CyanoHABs patches when they emerge on the water surface. The data generation for training and the use of the semantic segmentation models to capture contextual information determine the need for the proposal, as well as its novelty and contribution. Three datasets of images containing CyanoHABs patches are generated: (a) the first contains real patches of CyanoHABs as foreground and images of lakes and reservoirs as background, but with a limited number of examples; (b) the second, contains synthetic patches of CyanoHABs generated with state-of-the-art Style-based Generative Adversarial Network Adaptive Discriminator Augmentation (StyleGAN2-ADA) and Neural Style Transfer as foreground and images of lakes and reservoirs as background, and (c) the third set, is the combination of the previous two. Four model architectures for semantic segmentation (UNet++, FPN, PSPNet, and DeepLabV3+), with two encoders as backbone (ResNet50 and EfficientNet-b6), are evaluated from each dataset on real test images and different distributions. The results show the feasibility of the approach and that the UNet++ model with EfficientNet-b6, trained on the third dataset, achieves good generalization and performance for the real test images.Depto. de Arquitectura de Computadores y AutomáticaFac. de InformáticaTRUEComunidad Autónoma de MadridSpanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and UniversitiesMinistry of Education of PeruSpanish Ministry of Universitiespu