103 research outputs found

    MyKey: a server-side software to create customized decision trees

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    To facilitate the identification of specimens, biodiversity informatics has developed numerous new computer-aided tools which compete with the old, printed single access keys. Free access keys are accessible for many different taxonomic groups, but key-generating software are also helpful to construct single access keys. This paper presents a midfield solution to create customized decision trees (single access keys) through an interactive webbased interface. This solution offers an online service to create keys according to the parameters and context chosen by the final users themselves. It is also useful for the administrator of this online system, because of low-maintenance needs, limited to configuration files when new knowledge bases are added on the server side. Presently, the software is available with a French interface at the following URL: http://baron.snv.jussieu.fr/cgi-bin/david/MyKey.cgi

    Detecting information flow direction in multivariate linear and nonlinear models

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    International audienceIn this paper we present an approach to analyze the direction of information flow between time series involving bidirectional relations. The intuitive idea comes from a first study dedicated to the so-called phase slope index, which is a measure originally developed to detect unidirectional relations and is based on the complex coherence function. In order to detect bidirectional flows, we propose two new causality indices supplying the previous index with two other functions, the directed coherence function and the directed transfer function. Moreover, to cope with the inability of the approaches based on coherence (ordinary or directed) or on directed transfer function to distinguish between direct and indirect relations, we propose another causality index based on the partial directed coherence to identify only direct relations. Experimental results show that some challenges have promising solutions through the use of this new indicator dealing with both linear and nonlinear multivariate models

    Optimisation d'un filtre d'annulation d'écho sous contrÎle d'un détecteur de parole locale

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    Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'annulation d'Ă©cho acoustique pour les tĂ©lĂ©communications mains-libres et a pour objectif de prendre en compte le phĂ©nomĂšne de double parole pour maintenir les performances de l'annuleur d'Ă©cho Ă  un niveau comparable Ă  celui obtenu en prĂ©sence d'Ă©cho seul. Un dĂ©tecteur basĂ© sur la cohĂ©rence partielle permet de dĂ©cider de la prĂ©sence du signal dĂ©sirĂ© et par lĂ -mĂȘme de bloquer l'adaptation des coefficients du filtre sur ce type de sĂ©quence. Une mise en mĂ©moire de ces coefficients permet de prendre en compte le retard Ă  la dĂ©tection et donne lieu Ă  deux approches voisines. Celles-ci conduisent Ă  un Ă©cho rĂ©siduel de puissance trĂšs infĂ©rieure Ă  celle obtenue en entretenant l'adaptation. La perturbation apportĂ©e par le signal provenant du locuteur local est annihilĂ©e

    On the evaluation of the conversational speech quality in telecommunications

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    International audienceIn this paper we propose an objective method to assess speech quality in the conversational context by taking into account the talking and listening speech qualities and the impact of delay. This approach is applied to the results of four subjective tests on the effects of echo, delay, packet loss and noise. The dataset is divided into training and validation sets. For the training set, a multiple linear regression is applied to determine a relationship between conversational, talking and listening speech qualities and the delay value. The multiple linear regression leads to an accurate estimation of the conversational scores with high correlation and low error between subjective and estimated scores, both on the training and validation sets. In addition, a validation is performed on the data of a subjective test found in the literature which confirms the reliability of the regression. The relationship is then applied to an objective level by replacing talking and listening subjective scores with talking and listening objective scores provided by existing objective models, fed by speech signals recorded during the subjective tests. The conversational model achieves high perfor- mance as revealed by comparison with the test results and with the existing standard methodology “E-model”, presented in the ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union) Recommendation G.107

    Convergence locale de filtres en cascade. Application à l'annulation d'écho non linéaire

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    Cet article décrit un algorithme d'annulation d'écho acoustique non linéaire traitant plus particuliÚrement des distorsions dues au haut-parleur. La structure proposée est composée de deux modules adaptatifs organisés en cascade. L'étude théorique de la convergence de systÚmes en cascade est réalisée à l'aide de filtres de Wiener et met en évidence le phénomÚne de convergence locale. Une stratégie d'adaptation est proposée permettant de stabiliser le systÚme : des résultats sur signaux réels sont donnés qui montrent la stabilité de l'algorithme et sa supériorité comparé à un filtrage adaptatif linéaire

    Etude théorique d'un estimateur de cohérence entre signaux périodiques bruités

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    Ce papier traite de l'analyse d'un outil de cohérence pour l'étude de relations entre voies dans le contexte de potentiels évoqués auditifs et plus particuliÚrement de l'étude statistique d'un estimateur de cohérence appliqué à des signaux présentant un caractÚre périodique. Un certain nombre de réponses individuelles sont disponibles, suite à l'émission d'un stimulus sonore envoyé périodiquement. Pour un nombre suffisant de ces réponses, on peut définir un estimateur de la cohérence. Sous certaines hypothÚses, on établit une expression simplifiée de cette quantité et on étudie sa distribution et sa valeur moyenne. Les résultats montrent une adéquation entre l'étude théorique et les données obtenues par simulation

    Routine molecular profiling of cancer: results of a one-year nationwide program of the French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup (IFCT) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

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    International audienceBackground: The molecular profiling of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for known oncogenic drivers is recommended during routine care. Nationally, however, the feasibility and effects on outcomes of this policy are unknown. We aimed to assess the characteristics, molecular profiles, and clinical outcomes of patients who were screened during a 1-year period by a nationwide programme funded by the French National Cancer Institute. Methods This study included patients with advanced NSCLC, who were routinely screened for EGFR mutations, ALK rearrangements, as well as HER2 (ERBB2), KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations by 28 certified regional genetics centres in France. Patients were assessed consecutively during a 1-year period from April, 2012, to April, 2013. We measured the frequency of molecular alterations in the six routinely screened genes, the turnaround time in obtaining molecular results, and patients' clinical outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01700582. Findings 18 679 molecular analyses of 17 664 patients with NSCLC were done (of patients with known data, median age was 64·5 years [range 18–98], 65% were men, 81% were smokers or former smokers, and 76% had adenocarcinoma). The median interval between the initiation of analysis and provision of the written report was 11 days (IQR 7–16). A genetic alteration was recorded in about 50% of the analyses; EGFR mutations were reported in 1947 (11%) of 17 706 analyses for which data were available, HER2 mutations in 98 (1%) of 11 723, KRAS mutations in 4894 (29%) of 17 001, BRAF mutations in 262 (2%) of 13 906, and PIK3CA mutations in 252 (2%) of 10 678; ALK rearrangements were reported in 388 (5%) of 8134 analyses. The median duration of follow-up at the time of analysis was 24·9 months (95% CI 24·8–25·0). The presence of a genetic alteration affected first-line treatment for 4176 (51%) of 8147 patients and was associated with a significant improvement in the proportion of patients achieving an overall response in first-line treatment (37% [95% CI 34·7–38·2] for presence of a genetic alteration vs 33% [29·5–35·6] for absence of a genetic alteration; p=0·03) and in second-line treatment (17% [15·0–18·8] vs 9% [6·7–11·9]; p<0·0001). Presence of a genetic alteration was also associated with improved first-line progression-free survival (10·0 months [95% CI 9·2–10·7] vs 7·1 months [6·1–7·9]; p<0·0001) and overall survival (16·5 months [15·0–18·3] vs 11·8 months [10·1–13·5]; p<0·0001) compared with absence of a genetic alteration. Interpretation Routine nationwide molecular profiling of patients with advanced NSCLC is feasible. The frequency of genetic alterations, acceptable turnaround times in obtaining analysis results, and the clinical advantage provided by detection of a genetic alteration suggest that this policy provides a clinical benefit

    Varia

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    Pour son dixiĂšme anniversaire, le Courrier du CIBP paraĂźt en avance, et sous une couverture nouvelle, sur laquelle nos lecteurs reconnaĂźtront l’Ɠuvre de Philippe Durin qui assure notre publicitĂ© depuis 1987. PlutĂŽt que de prĂ©senter dans ce numĂ©ro d’anniversaire le bilan d’une activitĂ© que nos correspondants connaissent bien, nous avons tentĂ© d’y manifester la double vocation du CIBP, locale et internationale, en une annĂ©e 1988 qui fut fĂ©conde. De cet enracinement rĂ©gional tĂ©moigne aujourd’hui notre article principal : depuis plusieurs annĂ©es, afin de faire du Courrier du CIBP un outil indispensable aux chercheurs pascaliens, nous publions des documents inconnus rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s par les recherches de nos correspondants : aprĂšs la quittance signĂ©e Pascal Ă©ditĂ©e par Jean Mesnard, aprĂšs l’Usage de la Machine (Courrier n° 8) et La Folie du Vide (Courrier n° 9), nous proposons Ă  nos lecteurs le travail d’un chercheur clermontois : Madame RĂ©gine Pouzet a depuis plusieurs annĂ©es dĂ©pouillĂ© sous la direction de Mademoiselle Leclercq, Conservateur des Archives dĂ©partementales du Puy-de-DĂŽme, les actes qui rĂ©vĂšlent l’histoire du patrimoine familial PĂ©rier-Pascal. Je tiens pour symbolique que cette recherche n’ait pas seulement enrichi notre connaissance historique, mais qu’elle ait aussi pu accroĂźtre notre familiaritĂ© quotidienne avec Pascal, puisqu’elle a permis Ă  Madame Pouzet de retrouver Ă  Clermont-Ferrand une maison pascalienne oubliĂ©e depuis longtemps, comme on le verra dans nos « Nouvelles ». Cependant notre audience internationale se manifestait Ă  l’autre bout du monde, avec le colloque « Pascal, Port-Royal, Orient, Occident » (septembre 1988) qui se tenait au Japon. La rĂ©ussite de ce colloque et du voyage culturel qui y fut associĂ© rĂ©pond pleinement Ă  la vocation du CIBP. Les enregistrements des confĂ©rences nous ont d’ores et dĂ©jĂ  Ă©tĂ© adressĂ©s par nos amis japonais : ils donnent une haute idĂ©e de ce que sera la publication qui se dessine. GĂ©rard Ferreyrolles donne dans le prĂ©sent Courrier un bref compte­ rendu des discussions ; quelques correspondants ont bien voulu nous fournir des clichĂ©s qui rappelleront aux voyageurs de bons souvenirs et feront rĂȘver les autres

    Influence de non-linéarités d'ordre 2 de Volterra sur l'algorithme LMS

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    Cet article dĂ©crit de maniĂšre thĂ©orique l'Annulation d'Écho Acoustique rĂ©alisĂ©e par un algorithme LMS en prĂ©sence de non-linĂ©aritĂ©s avec mĂ©moire dans le canal Ă  identifier. Les non-linĂ©aritĂ©s, modĂ©lisĂ©es par un filtre polynomial de Volterra d'ordre 2, sont appliquĂ©es en amont du canal acoustique linĂ©aire. Le comportement du filtre adaptatif et de l'Erreur Quadratique Moyenne en sa sortie sont dĂ©rivĂ©es en prĂ©sence de donnĂ©es gaussiennes. Des simulations de Monte-Carlo valident les calculs thĂ©oriques
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