Anisotropy probe of galactic and extra-galactic Dark Matter annihilations

We study the flux and the angular power spectrum of gamma-rays produced by Dark Matter (DM) annihilations in the Milky Way (MW) and in extra-galactic halos. The annihilation signal receives contributions from: a) the smooth MW halo, b) resolved and unresolved substructures in the MW, c) external DM halos at all redshifts, including d) their substructures. Adopting a self-consistent description of local and extra-galactic substructures, we show that the annihilation flux from substructures in the MW dominates over all the other components for angles larger than O(1) degrees from the Galactic Center, unless an extreme prescription is adopted for the substructures concentration. We also compute the angular power spectrum of gamma-ray anisotropies and find that, for an optimistic choice of the particle physics parameters, an interesting signature of DM annihilations could soon be discovered by the Fermi LAT satellite at low multipoles, l<100, where the dominant contribution comes from MW substructures with mass M>10^4 solar masses. For the substructures models we have adopted, we find that the contribution of extra-galactic annihilations is instead negligible at all scales.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Target Zones in History and Theory: Lessons from an Austro-Hungarian Experiment (1896-1914)

The first known experiment with an exchange rate band took place in Austria- Hungary between 1896 and 1914. The rationale for introducing this policy rested on precisely those intuitions that the modern literature has emphasized: the band was designed to secure both exchange rate stability and monetary policy autonomy. However, unlike more recent experiences, such as the ERM, this policy was not undermined by credibility problems. The episode provides an ideal testing ground for some important ideas in modern macroeconomics: specifically, can formal rules, when faithfully adhered to, provide policy makers with some advantages such as short term autonomy? First, we find that a credible band has a "microeconomic" influence on exchange rate stability. By reducing uncertainty, a credible fluctuation band improves the quality of expectations, a channel that has been neglected in the modern literature. Second, we show that the standard test of the basic target zone model is flawed and develop an alternative methodology. We believe that these findings shed a new light on the economics of exchange rate bands

Chern-Simons Theory in the Temporal Gauge and Knot Invariants through the Universal Quantum R-Matrix

In temporal gauge A_{0}=0 the 3d Chern-Simons theory acquires quadratic action and an ultralocal propagator. This directly implies a 2d R-matrix representation for the correlators of Wilson lines (knot invariants), where only the crossing points of the contours projection on the xy plane contribute. Though the theory is quadratic, P-exponents remain non-trivial operators and R-factors are easier to guess then derive. We show that the topological invariants arise if additional flag structure (xy plane and an y line in it) is introduced, R is the universal quantum R-matrix and turning points contribute the "enhancement" factors q^{\rho}.Comment: 27 pages, 17 figure

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is important in the management of intra-abdominal infections and must be broad enough to cover all likely organisms because inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor patient outcomes and the development of bacterial resistance. The overuse of antimicrobials is widely accepted as a major driver of some emerging infections (such as C. difficile), the selection of resistant pathogens in individual patients, and for the continued development of antimicrobial resistance globally. The growing emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms and the limited development of new agents available to counteract them have caused an impending crisis with alarming implications, especially with regards to Gram-negative bacteria. An international task force from 79 different countries has joined this project by sharing a document on the rational use of antimicrobials for patients with IAIs. The project has been termed AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections). The authors hope that AGORA, involving many of the world's leading experts, can actively raise awareness in health workers and can improve prescribing behavior in treating IAIs

GG-prime and GG-primary GG-ideals on GG-schemes

Let $G$ be a flat finite-type group scheme over a scheme $S$, and $X$ a noetherian $S$-scheme on which $G$-acts. We define and study $G$-prime and $G$-primary $G$-ideals on $X$ and study their basic properties. In particular, we prove the existence of minimal $G$-primary decomposition and the well-definedness of $G$-associated $G$-primes. We also prove a generalization of Matijevic-Roberts type theorem. In particular, we prove Matijevic-Roberts type theorem on graded rings for $F$-regular and $F$-rational properties.Comment: 54pages, added Example 6.16 and the reference [8]. The final versio

Sorption Mechanism of Lead Ions From Aqueous Solution By Imperata Cylindrica Dried Leaf Particle: Effect of Temperatures

This study was conducted to investigate the sorption mechanism of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution onto Imperata cylindrica (IC) dried leaf particles. The effect of temperatures (30, 35 and 40oC) was scrutinised from a batch adsorption system using a synthetic liquid waste containing Pb2+ ions. Adsorption of lead ions mechanism was investigated by intraparticle diffusion model. The results showed that higher adsorption rate occurred at higher temperature, and obeyed the pseudo second order adsorption model. The overall rate of lead uptake was found to be controlled by external mass transfer at the beginning of adsorption, then gradually changes to intraparticle diffusion controlled at a later stage. The intraparticle diffusion constant increased with increasing temperature. The values of effective diffusion coefficient (Di) increased at higher temperatures, which were 5.5466 × 10−9, 6.8215 × 10−9, and 7.3726 × 10−9 m2/s at 30, 35, and 40 ◦C, respectivel

Boundary WZW, G/H, G/G and CS theories

We extend the analysis of the canonical structure of the Wess-Zumino-Witten theory to the bulk and boundary coset G/H models. The phase spaces of the coset theories in the closed and in the open geometry appear to coincide with those of a double Chern-Simons theory on two different 3-manifolds. In particular, we obtain an explicit description of the canonical structure of the boundary G/G coset theory. The latter may be easily quantized leading to an example of a two-dimensional topological boundary field theory.Comment: latex, 33 pages, 21 figure

qQCD2_2 and G/G model

The 2D lattice gauge theory with a quantum gauge group $SL_q(2)$ is considered. When $q=e^{i\frac{2\pi}{k+2}}$, its weak coupling partition function coincides with the one of the G/G coset model ({\em i.e.} equals the Verlinde numbers). However, despite such a remarkable coincidence, these models are not equivalent but, in some certain sense, dual to each other.Comment: 7pp, NBI-HE-93-27, revised. Small changes: several fixed inaccuracies + updated reference

GG-martingale representation in the GG-L'evy setting

In this paper we give the decomposition of a martingale under the sublinear expectation associated with a $G$-L'evy process X with finite activity and without drift. We prove that such a martingale consists of an Ito integral w.r.t. continuous part of a $G$-L'evy process, compensated Ito-L'evy integral w.r.t. jump measure associated with $X$ and a non-increasing continuous $G$-martingale starting at 0

The gluon polarization ΔG/G\Delta G/G at COMPASS

The COMPASS experiment will determine the gluon polarization in the nucleon $\Delta G/G$ from the double helicity asymmetry measured in the scattering of a 160 GeV muon beam on a longitudinally polarized deuteron target, by selecting the photon-gluon fusion reaction. This reaction can be tagged either by the production of open charm, or by the production of high $p_T$ hadron pairs. The first asymmetry obtained with the latter method is presented.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure