Impact of increased distributed generation on fault levels and the network equipment

Attention towards the development of Distributed Generation (DG) is globally high. UK's concentration is to use sustainable and renewable sources to generate electricity thereby protecting the environment from getting polluted. In this paper, Distributed Generation concept is explored regarding the types, sizes, ratings, locations and benefits. It is very important to connect the developed distributed generator to the distribution network to satisfy the demand but without developing any faults and causing damage to the existing switchgear. Legal contracts that are required to be signed in order to connect the DG to the network and proper Protection Review to be followed in suppressing the faults are also mentioned. To study the impact of increased DG on fault levels, simulation approach is adopted. ETAP 7.1.0 is used to build a case study network and the results obtained are analyzed based on which critical comparison is made. The network comprises of three wind farms, each consisting of six wind turbines and a small hydroelectric plant. Various scenarios are considered and the results obtained are clearly analyzed. Protection is provided for the circuit and Star Device coordination study is performed. © JES 2014

A novel policy making proposition for EV charging infrastructure management at HEI's

This paper is based on real time EV charging infrastructure development that took place at Brunel University, which is located in west of London, UK. The aim of this paper is to establish the policy making process that has stages of an initial student-staff interest survey, records of the consultation process with EV owners, results of competitive benchmarking with other HEI's and the discussion on Type 2 Mode 3 charging stations which are 240V, 32A, 7kW, 50Hz compliant with IEC 62196 and ISO 14443 Mifare standards. The first time ever PAYG concept of POD Point Ltd is explained. Benefits of using PAYG concept for charging EV are mentioned. Various other factors that played major role were also considered as follows: deciding the tariff of the electricity used by the EV owners, charging cable compatibility with charging station, hours of operation, creation of new enforcement rules and recommendations to provide incentives that recognise and motivate EV community

Use of Multicomponent Non-Rigid Registration to Improve Alignment of Serial Oncological PET/CT Studies

Non-rigid registration of serial head and neck FDG PET/CT images from a combined scanner can be problematic. Registration techniques typically rely on similarity measures calculated from voxel intensity values; CT-CT registration is superior to PET-PET registration due to the higher quality of anatomical information present in this modality. However, when metal artefacts from dental fillings are present in a pair of CT images, a nonrigid registration will incorrectly attempt to register the two artefacts together since they are strong features compared to the features that represent the actual anatomy. This leads to localised registration errors in the deformation field in the vicinity of the artefacts. Our objective was to develop a registration technique which overcomes these limitations by using combined information from both modalities. To study the effect of artefacts on registration, metal artefacts were simulated with one CT image rotated by a small angle in the sagittal plane. Image pairs containing these simulated artifacts were then registered to evaluate the resulting errors. To improve the registration in the vicinity where there were artefacts, intensity information from the PET images was incorporated using several techniques. A well-established B-splines based non-rigid registration code was reworked to allow multicomponent registration. A similarity measure with four possible weighted components relating to the ways in which the CT and PET information can be combined to drive the registration of a pair of these dual-valued images was employed. Several registration methods based on using this multicomponent similarity measure were implemented with the goal of effectively registering the images containing the simulated artifacts. A method was also developed to swap control point displacements from the PET-derived transformation in the vicinity of the artefact. This method yielded the best result on the simulated images and was evaluated on images where actual dental artifacts were present

Design of CMOS PSCD circuits and checkers for stuck-at and stuck-on faults

[[abstract]]We present in this paper an approach to designing partially strongly code-disjoint (PSCD) CMOS circuits and checkers, considering transistor stuck-on faults in addition to gate-level stuck-at faults. Our design-for-testability (DFT) technique requires only a small number of extra transistors for monitoring abnormal static currents, coupled with a simple clocking scheme, to detect the stuck-on faults concurrently. The DFT circuitry not only can detect the faults in the functional circuit but also can detect or tolerate faults in itself, making it a good candidate for checker design. Switch and circuit level simulations were performed on a sample circuit, and a sample 4-out-of-8 code checker chip using the proposed technique has been designed, fabricated, and tested, showing the correctness of the method. Performance penalty is reduced by a novel BiCMOS checker circuit.[[fileno]]2030108010057[[department]]電機工程學

Can Centralized Sanctioning Promote Trust in Social Dilemmas? A Two-level Trust Game with Incomplete Information

The problem of trust is a paradigmatic social dilemma. Previous literature has paid much academic attention on effects of peer punishment and altruistic third-party punishment on trust and human cooperation in dyadic interactions. However, the effects of centralized sanctioning institutions on decentralized reciprocity in hierarchical interactions remain to be further explored. This paper presents a formal two-level trust game with incomplete information which adds an authority as a strategic purposive actor into the traditional trust game. This model allows scholars to examine the problem of trust in more complex game theoretic configurations. The analysis demonstrates how the centralized institutions might change the dynamics of reciprocity between the trustor and the trustee. Findings suggest that the sequential equilibria of the newly proposed two-level model simultaneously include the risk of placing trust for the trustor and the temptation of short-term defection for the trustee. Moreover, they have shown that even a slight uncertainty about the type of the newly introduced authority might facilitate the establishment of trust and reciprocity in social dilemmas.published_or_final_versio

STORE ATMOSPHERE, e-WOM, QUALITY OF SERVICE AS A DETERMINANT OF PURCHASE DECISIONS AT COFFEE BUYERS

This study has a goal, namely to examine the influence of store atmosphere, e-WOM and service quality variables on purchasing decision variables at the Coffee Shop. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population is buyers at the Coffee Shop with 100 samples of respondents with accidental sampling technique. The results of the F test prove that there is a simultaneous influence of store atmosphere, e-WOM and service quality on purchasing decisions at the Coffee Shop where the Fcount > Ftable (44.532 > 2.70) and the significant value_0.00_<_,05. The results of the t-test test prove that store atmosphere has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions at Kedai Beli Kopi with a value of tcount > ttable (6.224 > 1.985) and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. e-WOM has been proven to have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at Kedai Beli Kopi with a value of tcount > ttable (2,739 > 1,985)_and the significant value is 0.007 < 0.05 ..Service quality is also proven to have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at Kedai Beli Kopi with a value of tcount > ttable (2,078 > 1,985) and a significant value of 0.040 < 0.05

Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions using Some Plants Bark Powder as Adsorbents

Heavy metals that have been associated only with chemists have now become a concern of environmentalist also. They impact the ecosystems when released into water bodies or soil by various human activities resulting in the environmental pollution. High concentration of Cr (VI) is harmful to animal and human health. The hexavalent chromium exists in aquatic media as water soluble complex anions and persist. These are concentrated in industrial waste water especially from the tannery industries and release of effluents from industries adversely affects the environment. The removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions is carried out by different physical, chemical and biological methods. Now a days, use of plants waste products such as: barks, manures or lignocellulosic materials, for the removal of heavy metals from polluted water are becoming of more concern. In the present study, low-cost and easily available material such as plant barks for the removal of chromium VI from its aqueous solution was investigated. Bark powders of plants namely, Pongamia glabra, Tamarindus indicus, Tesphesia populnea, and Mangifera indica obtained from nearby saw mills, were used as adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions in excess of maximum permissible limits. Adsorption for chromium (VI) was found to be highly dose dependent compared to the other parameters observed with almost 100 % efficiency at pH 2, contact time of 2h at room temperature with 3 g l-1 bark dosage. The adsorption capacities of all the plant barks for chromium (VI) was found to be comparable to other commercial adsorbents currently employed for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous wastes. The results have demonstrated the immense potential of plants bark powder as an alternative adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) ions from polluted water

Yoruba Traders in Cote D’Ivoire: A Study of the Role Migrant Settlers in the Process of Economic Relations in West Africa

The bid to relocate into an alien territory is usually anchored on themigrant’s hope for better fortunes or prospects. The independencegovernment in several West African countries could not meet the highexpectations of their citizens. There were also political and economicproblems which made members of the commercial class to feel not secured in their own states. The tales of better economic fortunes in neighbouring countries provided attraction to those in this category, including Yoruba traders, who were naturally desirous of migration. The Yoruba traders of Southwestern Nigeria present an important alien commercial class in Cote d’Ivoire, and some other west African states. This study evaluates some of the major economic activities such as agriculture, trade, commerce and industrial activities that have for some decades engaged the services of Yoruba traders in Ivory Coast. It assesses the various pull and push factors in the migration, the social and political situation in both countries, government economic policies at specific periods, and the aspirations of Yoruba migrants’ settlers. It also reflects on how the current political crisis in Ivory Coast has affected Yoruba traders especially as the conflict has forced many of them back to Nigeria. The study concludes that the enterprising nature of Yoruba migrant traders had made them influence positively the Ivorian economy