Combining Multiple Granularity Variability in a Software Product Line Approach for Web Engineering

[Abstract] Context: Web engineering involves managing a high diversity of artifacts implemented in different languages and with different levels of granularity. Technological companies usually implement variable artifacts of Software Product Lines (SPLs) using annotations, being reluctant to adopt hybrid, often complex, approaches combining composition and annotations despite their benefits. Objective: This paper proposes a combined approach to support fine and coarse-grained variability for web artifacts. The proposal allows web developers to continue using annotations to handle fine-grained variability for those artifacts whose variability is very difficult to implement with a composition-based approach, but obtaining the advantages of the composition-based approach for the coarse-grained variable artifacts. Methods: A combined approach based on feature modeling that integrates annotations into a generic composition-based approach. We propose the definition of compositional and annotative variation points with custom-defined semantics, which is resolved by a scaffolding-based derivation engine. The approach is evaluated on a real-world web-based SPL by applying a set of variability metrics, as well as discussing its quality criteria in comparison with annotations, compositional, and combined existing approaches. Results: Our approach effectively handles both fine and coarse-grained variability. The mapping between the feature model and the web artifacts promotes the traceability of the features and the uniformity of the variation points regardless of the granularity of the web artifacts. Conclusions: Using well-known techniques of SPLs from an architectural point of view, such as feature modeling, can improve the design and maintenance of variable web artifacts without the need of introducing complex approaches for implementing the underlying variability.The work of the authors from the Universidad de Málaga is supported by the projects Magic P12-TIC1814 (post-doctoral research grant), MEDEA RTI2018-099213-B-I00 (co-financed by FEDER funds), Rhea P18-FR-1081 (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE), LEIA UMA18-FEDERIA-157, TASOVA MCIU-AEI TIN2017-90644-REDT and, European Union’s H2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement DAEMON 101017109. The work of the authors from the Universidade da Coruña has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, NextGenerationEU/PRTR, FLATCITY-POC: PDC2021-121239-C31 ; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 EXTRACompact: PID2020-114635RB-I00 ; GAIN/Xunta de Galicia/ERDF CEDCOVID: COV20/00604 ; Xunta de Galicia/FEDER-UE GRC: ED431C 2021/53 ; MICIU/FEDER-UE BIZDEVOPSGLOBAL: RTI-2018-098309-B-C32 ; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 MAGIST: PID2019-105221RB-C41Junta de Andalucía; P12-TIC-1814Universidad de Málaga; UMA18-FEDERIA-157Xunta de Galicia; COV20/00604Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/53Junta de Andalucía; P18-FR-108

Gestión del Almacenamiento de Suministros y su Influencia en la Eficacia de los Procesos Logísticos en el Hospital Pampas de Tayacaja 2017

La investigación determina la influencia de la gestión del almacenamiento de suministros en la eficacia de los procesos logísticos en el Hospital Pampas de Tayacaja 2017. Este estudio se justifica dado que, contribuye a identificar la influencia de la gestión del almacenamiento de suministros en la eficacia de los procesos logísticos en el hospital en estudio de manera que se aporte significativamente en el suministro eficaz del servicio brindado. Para la realización de la investigación se ha tomado la información de la gestión de almacenamiento basado en los cinco procesos básicos desarrollado por Chunquino (2015); mientras que para los procesos logísticos fueron revisados según las funciones logísticas de Lambert (1998). Dentro de la metodología se empleó el método deductivo siendo la investigación de tipo aplicada, mientras que el nivel de investigación fue correlacional. Para efectos de la investigación se utilizó el diseño no experimental transversal correlacional y la población de estudio viene a ser el total de personal que trabaja en el Área de Logística del Hospital Pampas de Tayacaja, los cuales hacen un total de 15 personas que trabajan en la parte administrativa y operativa. La técnica que se empleó para la investigación fue la encuesta y se aplicó un cuestionario que estuvo compuesto por las variables de investigación, el cual resultó ser confiable estadísticamente (Alfa de Cronbach=0.92). Según los resultados, se ha determinado que la gestión del almacenamiento de suministros influye significativamente en la eficacia de los procesos logísticos en el hospital en estudio, es decir que si el personal cuenta con una adecuada gestión será posible visualizar una mejora de los procesos logísticos. Esto puede verificarse con el estadístico Chi Cuadrado (189.85) que arrojó una significancia menor al 0.05. Las dimensiones de recepción, almacenamiento, control de inventario, preparación de requerimientos y despacho suelen ubicarse en niveles adecuados, generando que el nivel de los procesos logísticos se encuentre en un nivel moderado

Microhardness of different resin cement shades inside the root canal

Objectives: To compare microhardness along the root canal post space of two resin cements in different shades and a dual-cure resin core material. Study D esign: Root canals of 21 bovine incisors were prepared for post space. Translucent posts (X?Post, Dentsply DeTrey) were luted using one the following resin luting agent: Calibra (Dentsply DeTrey) in Translucent, Medium and Opaque shades, RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE) in Translucent, A2 and A3 shades and the dual-cure resin core material Core?X flow. All materials were applied according to manufacturers? instructions and were all photopolymerized (Bluephase LED unit, Ivoclar Vivadent, 40s). After 24 hours, roots were transversally cut into 9 slices 1 mm thick from the coronal to apical extremes, three corresponding to each root third. Then, VHNs were recorded (100gf, 30 s) on the resin luting materials along the adhesive interface in all sections. Data were analyzed by two- way ANOVA and SNK tests (?=0.05). Results: A significant influence on microhardness of resin luting material in their respective shades (p<0.001), root third (p<0.001) and interactions between them was detected (p<0.001). RelyX Unicem cement showed the highest microhardness values and Calibra the lowest, regardless of the shade selected. All resin luting materials tested exhibited a significantly higher microhardness in the cervical third. Conclusions: Microhardness of resin luting agents tested inside the canal is dependent on material brand and resin cement shade seems to be a less relevant factor. Microhardness decreased along the root canal, regardless of the shade selecte

Prevalence of superficial interdigital mycosis in a runners section of the “Maraton Popular de Madrid”

In this study it was tried to evaluate the incidence of interdigital superficial mycosis (tinea pedis) in the participant runners in the Popular Marathon of Madrid. The evaluation consisted of a collection of observed data of the foot, together with a dermatological examination with Wood lamp in 4º interdigital space and takes mycological culture, to 66 individuals, runners with ridge in the MAPOMA. The obtained microbiological results were, Trichophytum and Yeast was the prevalent in the sample, and that are in many cases in association with another pathogen, and that almost 90% of the total sample presented 4º interdigital space pathogenic and/or polluting. Therefore, the tinea pedis and interdigital candidiasis, in sportsmen is a risk factor to consider on the part of the podologyst, since is present of silent form and in many occasions it does not have the suitable treatment.In this study it was tried to evaluate the incidence of interdigital superficial mycosis (tinea pedis) in the participant runners in the Popular Marathon of Madrid. The evaluation consisted of a collection of observed data of the foot, together with a dermatological examination with Wood lamp in 4º interdigital space and takes mycological culture, to 66 individuals, runners with ridge in the MAPOMA. The obtained microbiological results were, Trichophytum and Yeast was the prevalent in the sample, and that are in many cases in association with another pathogen, and that almost 90% of the total sample presented 4º interdigital space pathogenic and/or polluting. Therefore, the tinea pedis and interdigital candidiasis, in sportsmen is a risk factor to consider on the part of the podologyst, since is present of silent form and in many occasions it does not have the suitable treatment

Aflatoxicosis Dysregulates the Physiological Responses to Crowding Densities in the Marine Teleost Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

A fungal toxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), undermines growth and stress axes of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) with depletion of somatic carbohydrate and lipid reservoirs. The present study assessed the physiological consequences of high stocking density versus low stocking density in seabream juveniles, which had previously been fed with AFB1 supplementation. These stressors are likely to converge by inferring animal welfare and economic profitability in the food animal industry. Interestingly, AFB1 seems to cause physiological and molecular dysfunction in response to overcrowding densities. Our results might be relevant to elucidate a potential risk for fish farming that is often overlooked. Several studies in fish have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes a disparity of species-dependent physiological disorders without compromising survival. We studied the effect of dietary administration of AFB1 (2 mg AFB1 kg(-1) diet) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in combination with a challenge by stocking density (4 vs. 40 g L-1). The experimental period duration was ten days, and the diet with AFB1 was administered to the fish for 85 days prior to the stocking density challenge. Our results indicated an alteration in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolites mobilization in the AFB1 fed group, which was intensified at high stocking density (HSD). The CT group at HSD increased plasma cortisol levels, as expected, whereas the AFB1-HSD group did not. The star mRNA expression, an enzyme involved in cortisol synthesis in the head kidney, presented a ninefold increase in the AFB1 group at low stocking density (LSD) compared to the CT-LSD group. Adenohypophyseal gh mRNA expression increased in the AFB1-HSD but not in the CT-HSD group. Overall, these results confirmed that chronic AFB1 dietary exposure alters the adequate endocrinological physiological cascade response in S. aurata, compromising the expected stress response to an additional stressor, such as overcrowding

An evaluation framework to support optimisation of scenarios for energy efficient retrofitting of buildings at the district level

Producción CientíficaEnergy-efficient retrofitting of buildings has become essential to achieve the environmental objectives of the European Union’s (EU) strategies towards reducing carbon emissions and energy dependency on fossil fuels. When tackling retrofitting projects, the issue of scale becomes essential as sometimes this can determine the sustainability of the project. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is essential to ensure effective decision-making. A platform has been designed within the EU funded OptEEmAL project to support stakeholders in this process, providing functionalities that can automatically model and evaluate candidate retrofitting alternatives considering their priorities, targets and boundary conditions. A core element of this platform is the evaluation framework deployed which implements a multi-criteria decision-making approach to transform the priorities of stakeholders into quantifiable weights used to compare the alternatives. As a result, more informed decisions can be made by the stakeholders through a comprehensive evaluation of the candidate retrofitting scenarios. This paper presents the approach followed to develop and integrate this evaluation framework within the platform as well as its validation in a controlled environment to ensure its effectiveness

Integration of prioritisation criteria in the design of energy efficient retrofitting projects at district scale: A case study

Producción CientíficaThe evident need for improving the existing building stock still suffers from important barriers, such as the fragmentation of the value chain, the lack of information regarding some solutions, and the lack of confidence with respect to energy savings, which prevent unlocking investments, and the difficult communication among stakeholders. Therefore, new processes based on exploiting the potential of existing and new tools are required. In this framework, the OptEEmAL project has developed a tool that integrates stakeholders, data and tools in order to ease the process of designing energy efficient retrofitting projects at building and district scale. This tool works around an optimisation framework in order to evaluate, compare and optimise candidate retrofitting scenarios against a set of indicators showing the performance of the district. This evaluation and optimisation method is based on aggregating indicators through transforming the priorities of stakeholders into a mathematical weighting scheme, which makes it possible to provide scenarios within their expectations. Therefore, the generation of these scenarios is driven by their design parameters, being thus flexible and adapted to their needs. This paper shows the implementation of this tool and specifically 3 different prioritisation schemes, analysing how they impact into the decision making process and selection of the retrofitting strategy

Bacterias endófitas de Prosopis limensis Benth. como potenciales promotores de crecimiento en Zea mays L. bajo condiciones de estrés por salinidad y sequía

La salinidad y sequía son factores limitantes en el cultivo de Zea mayz L. ̈maiz ̈. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el potencial de las bacterias endófitas de Prosopis limensis Benth. “algarrobo” como promotores de crecimiento de maíz, bajo condiciones de estrés por salinidad y sequía. Las bacterias se aislaron de raíces y ramas de algarrobos en la Comunidad Campesina San José de Lambayeque (CEe=5,51 – 120,67 dSm-1 ), se seleccionaron con base a las características que evidencian in vitro promoción de crecimiento vegetal, se identificó el género de dos bacterias endófitas tolerantes a la salinidad y la sequía y se comparó el efecto en el crecimiento de maíz. El ensayo se condujo bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 3 x 4. El factor A fue condiciones de estrés (sin estrés, salinidad: CEe 8 dSm-1 , sequía: 45 % del riego) y el factor B fertilizante (sin aplicación, fertilizante químico, Pseudomonas sp. 306 y Klebsiella sp 162). Se obtuvieron 496 bacterias endófitas; el 7,9 % presentó actividad de la enzima 1-aminociclopropano-1-carboxilato desaminasa; el 76,92 % produjo ácido indol acético y el 61,53 % solubilizó fosfato. Pseudomonas sp. 306 y klebsiella sp. 162 tolerantes a la salinidad (8 % NaCl) y sequía (20 % polietilenglicol PEG – 6000) disminuyeron el impacto del estrés. Los mayores porcentajes de incremento en el crecimiento de maíz se alcanzaron en el suelo salino, en lo correspondiente a la altura, longitud de raíz (36,98 – 43,4 %), biomasa radicular fresca (25,48 – 26,96 %) y seca (22,48 – 46,68 %), biomasa aérea fresca (26,61 – 33,33 %) y clorofila (20,08 – 27,11 %) y en el suelo con sequía en la biomasa aérea seca (26,61 – 27,63 %) y tasa follaje/raíces (8,66 – 11 %). Se demostró el potencial de las bacterias endófitas como promotoras de crecimiento en maíz bajo salinidad y sequía

Catalytic Ozonation as a Promising Technology for Application in Water Treatment: Advantages and Constraints

Freshwater pollution compromises drinking water in a worldwide context. Water pollution is one of the major environmental challenges facing humanity. Therefore, the application of methods to control the pollution in water is a growing research field. Among the methods, ozone has been widely applied due to its high oxidation potential. However, one disadvantage is the presence of refractory organic compounds that are partially oxidized leaving mineralization incomplete. Several approaches have been considered to improve the oxidizing power, reducing the reaction time, and increasing the mineralization degree of ozone. So far, the combination of a solid catalyst with ozone (catalytic ozonation) has shown to enhance the degradation of refractory organic compounds in water. This chapter presents the combination of different metallic oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, and NiO) with ozone to determine the effect of ozone decomposition and the subsequent elimination of one chlorinated compound (2,4-D). The chemical structure of the initial compound (2,4-D, benzoic and phthalic acid), as well as the initial catalyst dosage (0.1 and 0.5 g L−1) with the mentioned compounds, was also studied. Moreover, the degradation of two aromatic compounds (naphthalene and naproxen) with different proportions of ethanol (representing the organic matter of wastewater) was analyzed to establish their effect on the catalytic ozonation process

Efectos de la fatiga anticipatoria y la sintomatología emocional en la percepción de fatiga física y cognitiva

El objetivo de este estudio fue doble, primero, analizar los efectos de la fatiga anticipatoria, la sintomatología emocional y la pertenencia a un grupo clínico sobre la percepción de fatiga física y mental; segundo, explorar el potencial efecto moderador de la anticipación de la fatiga en las relaciones entre la sintomatología o la condición clínica y la sensación percibida de fatiga. Se analiza mediante un diseño ex post facto y correlacional los efectos parciales y condicionados de las variables predictivas mediante diferentes análisis de regresión jerárquica. Participaron 317 sujetos (29% procedentes de población clínica). Se evaluó la fatiga anticipatoria (Escala elaborada ad hoc), la experiencia percibida de fatiga (Escala de Fatiga de Chalder et al., 1993), y la sintomatología emocional (GHQ-28 de Goldberg, 1996). Los resultados mostraron efectos significativos de la fatiga anticipatoria y la sintomatología emocional, predominantemente de la sintomatología depresiva sobre la percepción de fatiga física y mental. La pertenencia a un grupo clínico predecía de forma significativa y exclusiva la fatiga cognitiva. Además, la fatiga anticipatoria moderaba el efecto del grupo (clínico versus general) sobre la fatiga cognitiva. En conclusión, la sintomatología, principalmente la depresiva, y la fatiga anticipatoria, tienen un valor predictivo significativo en la experiencia percibida de la fatiga física y mental. La anticipación de fatiga moderaba el efecto del grupo clínico sobre la experiencia de fatiga cognitiva una vez controlada la sintomatología depresiva.The two fold aim of this study was first, to analyze the effects of anticipatory fatigue, emotional symptomatology and belonging to a clinical group on the physical and cognitive perception of fatigue, and second, to explore the potential moderating effect of anticipatory fatigue on the relationship between symptomatology or clinical condition and perceived fatigue. The conditional and partial effects of independent variables were analyzed by hierarchical regression in an ex-post-facto correlational design. The sample was composed of 317 participants (29% from a clinical population). Anticipatory fatigue (by an ad hoc scale), and perception of fatigue (by the Chalder Fatigue Scale) were measured. Emotional symptoms were assessed by Goldberg’s GHQ-28 questionnaire. Anticipatory fatigue and emotional symptoms (mainly depressive) had significant effects on cognitive and physical fatigue. Belonging to the clinical group significantly and exclusively predicted cognitive fatigue. Furthermore, anticipatory fatigue moderated between-group effects (clinical versus general) and cognitive fatigue. In brief, emotional symptoms (mainly depressive) and anticipatory fatigue significantly predicted perceived cognitive and physical fatigue. Anticipation of fatigue moderated the effect of clinical group on cognitive fatigue after controlling for depressive symptomatolog