52 research outputs found
Validação e confiabilidade de uma escada paramedir violência docente em Sonora, México
Objective.
To validate a scale through the Theory of Response to the Item that provides information about the
violent behaviors that teachers use against students according to the perception of those identifying the type
of violence.
Method.
1536 students from 14 secondary schools in vulnerable areas in seven localities of the
State of Sonora, the three grades from this level participated. The Scale of Teaching Violence, a Likert type
scale, was used to measure aggression type and the General Violence Indicator (IGV) to get an overview of
violence.
Results.
The model of Item Response Theory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed
to obtain information about the perception that secondary school students have about the different types
of teacher violence. Four dimensions were obtained (physical violence, humiliation, sexual and mockery)
with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.85, respectively, total explained variance of 46.42
% and
goodness-of-fit indexes of CMIN / DF: 3.08, CFI: 0.92, RMSEA: 0.05, SRMR: 0.04, GFI: 0.89 and AIC: 1369.
Conclusion.
The teacher violence scale resulted in a four-dimensional model, valid and reliable, for pre-
adolescent secondary school students, from areas at risk of intrafamiliar violence.Objetivo.
Validar una escala a través de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem, que proporcione información
acerca de las conductas violentas que emplean los maestros contra los alumnos, según la percepción de
estos, identificando el tipo de violencia emitida.
Método.
Se seleccionaron 1536 estudiantes de 14 escuelas
secundarias de zonas vulnerables en siete localidades del Estado de Sonora (México). Los tres grados de
este nivel fueron partícipes del estudio. Se utilizó la Escala de Violencia Docente tipo Likert para medir el
tipo de agresión, y el Indicador General de Violencia (IGV) para obtener una visión general de violencia.
Resultados.
Se aplicó el modelo de Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem y
el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC)
para obtener información acerca de la percepción de los alumnos de secundaria sobre los diferentes tipos de
violencia de los docentes. Se obtuvieron cuatro dimensiones: violencia física, humillación, sexual y burla,
con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.87, 0.82, 0.85 y 0.85, respectivamente; varianza total explicada de 46.42
%, e
índices de bondad de ajuste de CMIN/DF:
3.08, CFI:
0.92, RMSEA:
0.05, SRMR:
0.04, GFI:
0.89 y AIC:
1369.
Conclusión.
La Escala de Violencia Docente resultó en un modelo de cuatro dimensiones, válido y confiable,
para estudiantes de secundaria preadolescentes, en zonas de riesgo de violencia intrafamiliar.Escopo.
Validar uma escada a través da Teoria de Resposta ao Item, que forneça informação sobre as condutas
violentas que empregam os mestres contra os alunos, segundo a percepção de estes, identificando o tipo
de violência emitida.
Metodologia.
Foram selecionados 1536 estudantes de 14 escolas secundarias de
zonas vulneráveis em sete localidades do Estado de sonora (México). Os três grados de este nível foram
partícipes do estudo. Foi utilizada a Escada de Violência Docente tipo Likert para medir o tipo de agressão,
e o indicador Geral de violência (IGV) para obter uma visão geral de violência.
Resultados.
Foi aplicado o
modelo de Teoria de Resposta ao Item e a Análises fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) para obter informação sobre a
percepção dos alunos de secundaria sobre os diferentes tipos de violência dos docentes. Foram obtidas quatro
dimensões: violência física, humilhação, sexual e burla, com um alfa de Cronbach de 0.87, 0.82, 0.85 e 0.5,
respetivamente; variação total explicada de 46.42%, e índices de bondade de ajuste de CMIN/DF: 3.08, CFI:
0.92, RMSEA: 0.05, SRMR: 0.04, GFI:0.89 e AIC: 1369.
Conclusão.
A Escada de Violência Docente resultou
num modelo de quatro dimensões, válido e confiável, para estudantes de secundaria pré-adolescentes, em
zonas de risco de violência intrafamiliar
Effect of the Ozonization Degree of Emu Oil over Healing: An Emerging Oxidation Treatment
This chapter deals with the ozonization process of the emu oil, the objective of this study was to quantitatively determine the peroxide value (PV) to measure the degree of ozonation, the peroxide value measures the number of peroxide groups in the ozonized oil. The ozone oxidizes the unsaturated chemical functions present in the oil giving a high cure rate for epidermal wounds. The healing process is not completely understood and there are different approaches, therefore, it was determined qualitatively if it has healing and inflammation properties, but the results of our studies have shown that the length and width of the wounds were healing quickly thanks to the peroxidation rate of the oils. In addition, both tests were correlated to obtain a greater appreciation of their functions, the mechanism involves a decrease in the inflammation of the wounds and stimulates the process of scar formation
Apego a los padres, a los iguales y adicción a internet en la relación entre depresión y autolesión en adolescentes mexicanos
When studying self-injury, depression is a constant, however, contextual factors that are related to both problems are left out. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of Internet addiction, parent and peer attachment on the relationship between depression and self-harm and to explain self-harm through the mediation of Internet addiction. 433 adolescents from secondary school participated in the study. The self-harm certificate, the Beck IA depression inventory, the parent and peer attachment inventory for adolescents and the Internet addiction test were applied. A mediation analysis was performed that obtained a direct effect of 0.13 and a total of 0.20, showing that Internet addiction has a potentiating effect. We also performed a moderation analysis obtaining a conditional effect of 0.12 which shows a buffer effect of communication and trust with parents. Young people with traits of depression will decrease their self-harm behaviors thanks to greater communication and trust with their parents and adolescents who are addicted to the internet will increase the probability of engaging in self-harm behaviors. The fact that the study is not causal and that there are few references from the Latin American context are a limitation. Future studies should involve context variables such as family and internet related variables.
Al estudiar la autolesión, la depresión es una constante; sin embargo, se dejan de lado factores contextuales que se relacionan con ambas problemáticas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos de la adicción a internet y el apego hacia los padres y los pares sobre la relación de depresión con autolesión, y explicar la conducta de autolesión a través de la mediación de adicción a internet. Participaron 433 adolescentes de educación secundaria. Se aplicaron la cédula de autolesión, el inventario de depresión de Beck IA, el inventario de apego a padres y pares para adolescentes y el test de adicción a internet. Se realizó un análisis de mediación que obtuvo un efecto directo de 0.13 y total de 0.20, mostrando que la adicción a internet tiene efecto potenciador. También se realizó un análisis de moderación obteniendo un efecto condicionado de 0.12 mostrando un efecto amortiguador de comunicación y confianza con los padres. Los jóvenes con rasgos de depresión disminuirán sus conductas de autolesión gracias a una mayor comunicación y confianza con sus padres y adolescentes quienes son adictos a internet incrementarán la probabilidad de realizar conductas de autolesión. El hecho de que este estudio no es causal y que hay pocas referencias de Latinoamérica suponen una limitación. Estudios futuros deberían involucrar variables contextuales tales como las relacionadas con la familia e internet.
Physical and chemical characterization of PLA nanofibres and PLA/ZrO2 mesoporous composites synthesized by air-jet spinning
Polylactic acid with zirconium oxide solution has been deposited by air-jet spinning to obtain a PLA/ZrO2 composite.Zirconium oxide is obtained by hydrothermal technique and the results indicate that zirconia is nanostructured, mesoporousand thermally stable. The precursor solutions are formed by different amounts of PLA and zirconia. PLA/ZrO2 composite isformed by nanofibres with a random distribution, non-porous and with diameter of fibres depending of PLA and zirconiaconcentrations. It is found that the incorporation of zirconia makes the PLA fibres harder, less flexible and mesoporous.However, the thermal properties are not affected by the zirconia incorporation. The findings show that PLA/ZrO2 compositecan be utilized as biomaterial
Physical and chemical characterization of PLA nanofibres and PLA/ZrO2 mesoporous composites synthesized by air-jet spinning
57-64Polylactic acid with zirconium oxide solution has been deposited by air-jet spinning to obtain a PLA/ZrO2 composite. Zirconium oxide is obtained by hydrothermal technique and the results indicate that zirconia is nanostructured, mesoporous and thermally stable. The precursor solutions are formed by different amounts of PLA and zirconia. PLA/ZrO2 composite is formed by nanofibres with a random distribution, non-porous and with diameter of fibres depending of PLA and zirconia concentrations. It is found that the incorporation of zirconia makes the PLA fibres harder, less flexible and mesoporous. However, the thermal properties are not affected by the zirconia incorporation. The findings show that PLA/ZrO2 composite can be utilized as biomaterial
Tourists’ and locals’ satisfaction regarding ecotourism in San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico: Satisfação de turistas e locais com o ecoturismo em San Carlos, Sonora, México
O ecoturismo é um produto turístico, uma atividade econômica que, como todas as outras, depende da satisfação dos consumidores. Assim, medir a satisfação do usuário constitui um componente básico do turismo de qualidade. Para analisar a satisfação dos turistas e moradores com o ecoturismo em San Carlos, foram aplicados questionários digitalmente verdadeiros do google, e pessoalmente na avenida principal, e nos locais de ecoturismo para turistas (ecoturistas e turistas tradicionais) e locais (mexicanos que moram na cidade em tempo integral, turistas de segunda residência (SRT) e passageiros). Uma amostra de 436 questionários foi validada. Os Habitantes atribuídos conferem uma média superior em quase todas as dimensões, e apresentam diferenças significativas com maior frequência. No entanto, para a dimensão SanCarlosQuality, eles conferiram a pontuação mais baixa. Por outro lado, os Ecoturistas forneceram avaliações mais positivas do que os Turistas Tradicionais nas dimensões EcoturismoQualidade e Guias. Observou-se alta taxa de “não saber” em todos os casos; mas os habitantes eram os mais familiarizados com as atividades de ecoturismo e as avaliavam melhor. Pelo contrário, são os Turistas Tradicionais que expressam menos conhecimento sobre estas atividades e as avaliam menos. Os ecoturistas, considerando seu interesse por essas atividades, manifestaram uma porcentagem muito alta de não ter muita informação sobre elas. Sugere-se, portanto, estratégias de promoção e melhoria das políticas de conservação
Validación y confiabilidad de una escala para medir violencia docente en Sonora, México
Objective. To validate a scale through the Theory of Response to the Item that provides information about the violent behaviors that teachers use against students according to the perception of those identifying the type of violence. Method. 1536 students from 14 secondary schools in vulnerable areas in seven localities of the State of Sonora, the three grades from this level participated. The Scale of Teaching Violence, a Likert typescale, was used to measure aggression type and the General Violence Indicator (IGV) to get an overview ofviolence. Results. The model of Item Response Theory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performedto obtain information about the perception that secondary school students have about the different typesof teacher violence. Four dimensions were obtained (physical violence, humiliation, sexual and mockery)with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.85, respectively, total explained variance of 46.42 % andgoodness-of-fit indexes of CMIN / DF: 3.08, CFI: 0.92, RMSEA: 0.05, SRMR: 0.04, GFI: 0.89 and AIC: 1369.Conclusion. The teacher violence scale resulted in a four-dimensional model, valid and reliable, for preadolescent secondary school students, from areas at risk of intrafamiliar violence.Objetivo. Validar una escala a través de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem, que proporcione informaciónacerca de las conductas violentas que emplean los maestros contra los alumnos, según la percepción deestos, identificando el tipo de violencia emitida. Método. Se seleccionaron 1536 estudiantes de 14 escuelassecundarias de zonas vulnerables en siete localidades del Estado de Sonora (México). Los tres grados deeste nivel fueron partícipes del estudio. Se utilizó la Escala de Violencia Docente tipo Likert para medir eltipo de agresión, y el Indicador General de Violencia (IGV) para obtener una visión general de violencia.Resultados. Se aplicó el modelo de Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem y el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC)para obtener información acerca de la percepción de los alumnos de secundaria sobre los diferentes tipos deviolencia de los docentes. Se obtuvieron cuatro dimensiones: violencia física, humillación, sexual y burla,con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.87, 0.82, 0.85 y 0.85, respectivamente; varianza total explicada de 46.42 %, eíndices de bondad de ajuste de CMIN/DF: 3.08, CFI: 0.92, RMSEA: 0.05, SRMR: 0.04, GFI: 0.89 y AIC: 1369.Conclusión. La Escala de Violencia Docente resultó en un modelo de cuatro dimensiones, válido y confiable,para estudiantes de secundaria preadolescentes, en zonas de riesgo de violencia intrafamiliar
Família, escola e comunidade em relação à violência escolar na escola secundária: Revisão sistemática
El objetivo fue dar a conocer los estudios que se han realizado desde el 2014 al 2019, donde se relacionan variables contextuales del estudiante de secundaria con la violencia escolar. Las bases de datos seleccionadas fueron SCOPUS, EBSCOhost y SciELO; se utilizaron términos afines al contexto familiar, escolar y comunitario; se aplicaron filtros para acotar la búsqueda en acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión refiriendo a investigaciones arbitradas con diseño cuantitativo, causales, transversales en inglés o español en disciplinas de ciencias sociales. Resultaron 32 artículos que reflejan las variables de comunicación parental, clima escolar, exposición de violencia y apego a la comunidad, como las más relevantes para explicar violencia escolar. Se concluyó en el consenso del modelo ecológico de Bronfenbrenner para involucrar conceptos de diferentes niveles factoriales de la violencia escolar, ya que no se suele analizar elementos de los diversos contextos de manera conjunta. También se optó por realizar modelos causales que permitan predecir o identificar factores de riesgo y protección, incluyendo aspectos de comunidad. Por último, resalta la importancia de examinar al observador y aquellas variables que impulsan a defender a la víctima.El objetivo fue dar a conocer los estudios que se han realizado desde el 2014 al 2019, donde se relacionan variables contextuales del estudiante de secundaria con la violencia escolar. Las bases de datos seleccionadas fueron SCOPUS, EBSCOhost y SciELO; se utilizaron términos afines al contexto familiar, escolar y comunitario; se aplicaron filtros para acotar la búsqueda en acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión refiriendo a investigaciones arbitradas con diseño cuantitativo, causales, transversales en inglés o español en disciplinas de ciencias sociales. Resultaron 32 artículos que reflejan las variables de comunicación parental, clima escolar, exposición de violencia y apego a la comunidad, como las más relevantes para explicar violencia escolar. Se concluyó en el consenso del modelo ecológico de Bronfenbrenner para involucrar conceptos de diferentes niveles factoriales de la violencia escolar, ya que no se suele analizar elementos de los diversos contextos de manera conjunta. También se optó por realizar modelos causales que permitan predecir o identificar factores de riesgo y protección, incluyendo aspectos de comunidad. Por último, resalta la importancia de examinar al observador y aquellas variables que impulsan a defender a la víctima.O objetivo era divulgar os estudos que foram realizados de 2014 a 2019, onde as variáveis contextuais do aluno do ensino médio estão relacionadas à violência escolar. As bases de dados selecionadas foram SCOPUS, EBSCOhost e SciELO; foram utilizados termos relacionados ao contexto familiar, escolar e comunitário; filtros foram aplicados para restringir a pesquisa de acordo com os critérios de inclusão referentes à pesquisa de referência com design quantitativo, causal, transversal em inglês ou espanhol em disciplinas de ciências sociais. Foram encontrados 32 artigos que refletem as variáveis de comunicação dos pais, clima escolar, exposição à violência e apego à comunidade como os mais relevantes para explicar a violência escolar. O consenso do modelo ecológico de Bronfenbrenner foi alcançado para envolver conceitos de diferentes níveis fatoriais de violência escolar, uma vez que elementos de diferentes contextos não são geralmente analisados em conjunto. Também foi decidido desenvolver modelos causais que permitam prever ou identificar fatores de risco e proteção, incluindo aspectos da comunidade. Finalmente, destaca a importância de examinar o observador e aquelas variáveis que impulsionam a defesa da vítima
Adenovirus 5 produces obesity and adverse metabolic, morphological, and functional changes in the long term in animals fed a balanced diet or a high‑fat diet: a study on hamsters
Adenovirus 5 (Ad-5) infection is a common cause of acute respiratory infections and the main vector used in gene therapy. There are few studies on the relationship of Ad-5 to obesity. In the present study, we evaluated the chronic effects of Ad-5 infection on golden (Syrian) hamsters fed either a balanced diet (BD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). After a single inoculation with Ad-5 (1 × 107 pfu), the body weight of the animals was measured weekly. Medium-term (22 weeks) serum biochemical analyses and long-term (44 weeks) liver morphology, adiposity, and locomotive functionality (movement velocity) assessments were carried out. In the animals fed the BD, adenovirus infection produced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In the long term, it produced a 57% increase in epididymal pad fat and a 30% body weight gain compared with uninoculated animals. In addition, morphological changes related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were observed. The animals fed the HFD had similar but more severe changes. In addition, the hamsters presented an obesity paradox: at the end of the study, the animals that had the most morphological and functional changes (significantly reduced movement velocity) had the lowest body weight. Despite the fact that an HFD appears to be a more harmful factor in the long term than adenovirus infection alone, infection could increase the severity of harmful effects in individuals with an HFD. Epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the effect of adenovirus as a precursor of chronic liver and cardiovascular diseases, including the chronic effects of gene therapy
Ligand-Directed Self-Assembly of Organic-Semiconductor/Quantum-Dot Blend Films Enables Efficient Triplet Exciton-Photon Conversion
Blends comprising organic semiconductors and inorganic quantum dots (QDs) are relevant for many optoelectronic applications and devices. However, the individual components in organic-QD blends have a strong tendency to aggregate and phase-separate during film processing, compromising both their structural and electronic properties. Here, we demonstrate a QD surface engineering approach using electronically active, highly soluble semiconductor ligands that are matched to the organic semiconductor host material to achieve well-dispersed inorganic–organic blend films, as characterized by X-ray and neutron scattering, and electron microscopies. This approach preserves the electronic properties of the organic and QD phases and also creates an optimized interface between them. We exemplify this in two emerging applications, singlet-fission-based photon multiplication (SF-PM) and triplet–triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion (TTA-UC). Steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy shows that triplet excitons can be transferred with near unity efficiently across the organic–inorganic interface, while the organic films maintain efficient SF (190% yield) in the organic phase. By changing the relative energy between organic and inorganic components, yellow upconverted emission is observed upon 790 nm NIR excitation. Overall, we provide a highly versatile approach to overcome longstanding challenges in the blending of organic semiconductors with QDs that have relevance for many optical and optoelectronic applications
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