141 research outputs found

    Order-Preserving Pattern Matching Indeterminate Strings

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    Given an indeterminate string pattern p and an indeterminate string text t, the problem of order-preserving pattern matching with character uncertainties (muOPPM) is to find all substrings of t that satisfy one of the possible orderings defined by p. When the text and pattern are determinate strings, we are in the presence of the well-studied exact order-preserving pattern matching (OPPM) problem with diverse applications on time series analysis. Despite its relevance, the exact OPPM problem suffers from two major drawbacks: 1) the inability to deal with indetermination in the text, thus preventing the analysis of noisy time series; and 2) the inability to deal with indetermination in the pattern, thus imposing the strict satisfaction of the orders among all pattern positions. In this paper, we provide the first polynomial algorithms to answer the muOPPM problem when: 1) indetermination is observed on the pattern or text; and 2) indetermination is observed on both the pattern and the text and given by uncertainties between pairs of characters. First, given two strings with the same length m and O(r) uncertain characters per string position, we show that the muOPPM problem can be solved in O(mr lg r) time when one string is indeterminate and r in N^+ and in O(m^2) time when both strings are indeterminate and r=2. Second, given an indeterminate text string of length n, we show that muOPPM can be efficiently solved in polynomial time and linear space

    Análise de tratamento da segurança da informação de uma instituição de ensino público federal

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    Information Technology (I.T.) and its governance are increasingly present in educational institutions development by improving strategies and objectives. This study aims to verify how is information security processed through risk management within I.T. governance. As a mixed exploratory research, this study was developed in a federal public education institution through questionnaires for data survey and analysis regarding information security practices within I.T. governance. Data analysis suggests that the verified components are applicable to the institution, allowing improvements on principles implementation and maintenance by awareness of the risk environment and the opportunities it offers.La Tecnología de la Información (T.I.) y su gobernanza están cada vez más presentes en el desarrollo de las instituciones educativas, mejorando las estrategias y los objetivos institucionales. Este trabajo tiene por objeto verificar el tratamiento que se da a la seguridad de la información compreendida em la gestíon de riesgos de la governanza de T.I.. Es una investigación mixta, con un estudio de caso de una institución educativa pública federal contemplando cuestionarios abiertos y cerrados para estudiar y analizar aspectos de la gestión de riesgos. A partir del análisis de los datos, se observó que los componentes verificados tienen aplicación en la institución, permitiendo mejorar la aplicación y el mantenimiento de los principios, la comprensión de los riesgos que asume y las oportunidades que ofrece.A Tecnologia da Informação (T.I.) e sua governança estão cada vez mais presentes no desenvolvimento das instituições educacionais, aprimorando estratégias e objetivos institucionais. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar o tratamento dado à segurança da informação dentro da gestão de riscos na governança de T.I.. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória quantitativa, com estudo de caso de uma instituição de ensino público federal desenvolvido por meio de questionários abertos e fechados para levantamento e análise de aspectos da gestão de riscos. A partir dos dados analisados, observou-se que os componentes verificados possuem aplicação na instituição, permitindo melhorias na implementação e manutenção de princípios, compreensão do ambiente de riscos no qual opera e oportunidades que este oferece

    Development Of A Multiplex Pcr Test With Automated Genotyping Targeting E7 For Detection Of Six High-risk Human Papillomaviruses

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    Cervical cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and viral detection tests aid in the diagnosis of precursor lesions. In the present study, a molecular test for detection of high-risk HPV DNA, called E7-HPV, was standardized and assessed in samples from women with pre-cancerous lesions. The development of the E7-HPV test for detection and genotyping of six high-risk HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45 and 52), consisted of evaluating primer quality and adjusting the multiplex PCR conditions. Primer design was based on the E7 region of each HPV, and the fluorochrome 6-FAM was added to PCR primers. Viral detection was performed by capillary electrophoresis in automated sequencer in samples obtained from 60 women (55 with ASC-H/HSIL cytology) from August to September 2013. A non-inferiority analysis was conducted with the cobas HPV test as a reference and following international guidelines for the development of new tests. The two tests had a high concordance rate in HPV16 detection (kappa=0.972), with only one discordant case (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, negaive with cobas and positive for HPV16 by E7-HPV) and complete agreement in HPV18 detection. When comparing detection of all high-risk HPV, three cases were positive with cobas but negative with E7-HPV, and another three cases were negative with cobas but positive with E7-HPV (HPV16, 31 and 52). When we evaluate the cases initially suspected by cytology, the two tests had the same sensitivity in detection CIN2 or worse. In conclusion, the E7-HPV test has satisfactory initial results, and its development can be continued.10

    O modelo principialista e o diagrama do SUS ”“ uma abordagem lógica da distribuição de recursos escassos em saúde

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    Modelos são abstrações que implicam certo grau de simplificação frente à complexidade dos fenômenos que se quer explicar. No campo da ética biomédica, se destaca o modelo principialista padrão de Beauchamp e Childress, baseado em uma matriz formada por quatro princípios: beneficência (PB), não maleficência (PNM), autonomia (PA) e justiça (PJ). O modelo principialista é heurístico, possibilitando que diante de conflitos entre os princípios prevaleça aquele mais adequado à situação concreta. Neste trabalho, dá-se feição diagramática ao modelo principialista, partindo do pressuposto de que as relações lógicas são subjacentes a todo pensamento, e os diagramas mostram tais relações em estruturas espaciais integradas. A topologia dos conceitos, ao desvelar relações lógicas presentes nas estruturas dos modelos, permite uma melhor compreensão de um campo integrado de princípios implicados no raciocínio moral. Ilustramos a aplicabilidade deste tipo de modelo através da sobreposição do diagrama do modelo principialista padrão com o diagrama do sistema de princípios subjacentes ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) implantado no Brasil a partir da Constituição de 1988

    O modelo principialista e o diagrama de redução de danos ”“ uma abordagem lógica para as políticas de saúde coletiva

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    Modelos são abstrações que implicam certo grau de simplificação frente à complexidade dos fenômenos que se quer explicar. No campo da ética biomédica, se destaca o modelo principialista padrão de Beauchamp e Childress, baseado em uma matriz formada por quatro princípios: beneficência (PB), não maleficência (PNM), autonomia (PA) e justiça (PJ). O modelo principialista é heurístico, possibilitando que diante de conflitos entre os princípios prevaleça aquele mais adequado à situação concreta. Neste trabalho, dá-se feição diagramática ao modelo principialista, partindo do pressuposto de que as relações lógicas são subjacentes a todo pensamento, e os diagramas mostram tais relações em estruturas espaciais integradas

    Bartonella henselae bacteremia diagnosed post-mortem in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient

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    This study involves a 49-year-old male, who for three years suffered with a myelodysplastic syndrome and who needed frequent blood transfusions. One day following a transfusion, he presented fever and abdominal pain. The fever became persistent and only improved temporarily with two cycles of intravenous ciprofloxacin. Nearly 120 days after beginning the second cycle of treatment, he had experienced a weight loss of 16 kg and recurring fever. Screening for fever of unknown origin was conducted, including Bartonella infection. No etiology could be found. The patient improved with an antimicrobial regimen composed of oral doxycycline and intravenous ciprofloxacin. After 15 days afebrile, the patient was discharged with a four-month oral prescription of doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Eight months following the antibiotic treatment, the patient received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Five days following the transplant, the patient initiated a febrile neutropenia and died. From a blood sample collected and stored at the time of hospitalization, a microbiological and molecular study was performed again. Blood- and liquid culture-PCRs from the same blood sample were all negative, but an isolate from solid subculture was found. The molecular reactions from this isolate were all positive and the sequence was 100% homologous to Bartonella henselae. The present report points to the limitations of laboratory techniques currently available for investigation of possible cases of bartonellosis in clinical practice, and the potential risk of Bartonella spp. transmission through blood transfusions

    Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitors Expressing Delta-Like 4 (Dll4) Regulate Tumor Angiogenesis

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    Neo-blood vessel growth (angiogenesis), which may involve the activation of pre-existing endothelial cells (EC) and/or the recruitment of bone marrow-derived vascular precursor cells (BM-VPC), is essential for tumor growth. Molecularly, besides the well established roles for Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), recent findings show the Notch signalling pathway, in particular the ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4), is also essential for adequate tumor angiogenesis; Dll4 inhibition results in impaired, non-functional, angiogenesis and reduced tumor growth. However, the role of BM-VPC in the setting of Notch pathway modulation was not addressed and is the subject of the present report. Here we show that SDF-1 and VEGF, which are produced by tumors, increase Dll4 expression on recruited BM-VPC. Mechanistically, BM-VPC activated, in a Dll4-dependent manner, a transcriptional program on mature EC suggestive of EC activation and stabilization. BM-VPC induced ICAM-2 and Fibronectin expression on EC, an effect that was blocked by a Dll4-specific neutralizing antibody. In vivo, transplantation of BM-VPC with decreased Dll4 into tumor-bearing mice resulted in the formation of microvessels with decreased pericyte coverage and reduced fibronectin expression. Consequently, transplantation of BM-VPC with decreased Dll4 resulted in impaired tumor angiogenesis, increased tumor hypoxia and apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth. Taken together, our data suggests that Dll4 expression by BM-VPC affects their communication with tumor vessel endothelial cells, thereby modulating tumor angiogenesis by affecting vascular stability

    Genomic and transcriptomic alterations in Leishmania donovani lines experimentally resistant to antileishmanial drugs

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    Leishmaniasis is a serious medical issue in many countries around the World, but it remains largely neglected in terms of research investment for developing new control and treatment measures. No vaccines exist for human use, and the chemotherapeutic agents currently used are scanty. Furthermore, for some drugs, resistance and treatment failure are increasing to alarming levels. The aim of this work was to identify genomic and trancriptomic alterations associated with experimental resistance against the common drugs used against VL: trivalent antimony (SbIII, S line), amphotericin B (AmB, A line), miltefosine (MIL, M line) and paromomycin (PMM, P line). A total of 1006 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in the S line, 379 in the A line, 146 in the M line, and 129 in the P line. Also, changes in ploidy of chromosomes and amplification/deletion of particular regions were observed in the resistant lines regarding the parental one. A series of genes were identified as possible drivers of the resistance phenotype and were validated in both promastigotes and amastigotes from Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major species. Remarkably, a deletion of the gene LinJ.36.2510 (coding for 24-sterol methyltransferase, SMT) was found to be associated with AmB-resistance in the A line. In the P line, a dramatic overexpression of the transcripts LinJ.27.T1940 and LinJ.27.T1950 that results from a massive amplification of the collinear genes was suggested as one of the mechanisms of PMM resistance. This conclusion was reinforced after transfection experiments in which significant PMM-resistance was generated in WT parasites over-expressing either gene LinJ.27.1940 (coding for a D-lactate dehydrogenase-like protein, D-LDH) or gene LinJ.27.1950 (coding for an aminotransferase of branched-chain amino acids, BCAT). This work allowed to identify new drivers, like SMT, the deletion of which being associated with resistance to AmB, and the tandem D-LDH-BCAT, the amplification of which being related to PMM resistance.This work was supported by grants (to B.A. and J.M.R.) from Proyecto del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (SAF2013-47556-R and SAF2017-86965-R, co-financed with FEDER funds), and from ISCIII, proyecto " RD16/0027/0008″ Red de Enfermedades Tropicales, Subprograma RETICS del Plan Estatal de I + D + I 2013–2016 y cofinanciado FEDER: Una manera de hacer Europa. The CBMSO receives institutional grants from the Fundación Ramón Areces and from the Fundación Banco Santander. Also, this work was supported by the Spanish Grant Proyecto de Excelencia, Junta de Andalucía, Ref. CTS-7282 (to F.G.
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