La comprensión infantil de la mente y su relación con el problema del rechazo entre iguales

En este trabajo se revisa el paradigma de comprensión de la mente (o teoría de la mente), en relación a un problema con alta incidencia en el contexto escolar, el rechazo entre iguales. Se asume que la comprensión de la mente es una de las competencias necesarias para la comprensión socio-cognitiva y, en consecuencia, también resulta importante para la interacción social. En primer lugar, se analizan los modelos teóricos del rechazo entre iguales (modelo del déficit individual y modelo de contribución del grupo), y en segundo lugar, se revisan los correlatos del rechazo entre iguales (agresión, aislamiento, etc.). En ambos casos, se intenta establecer una serie de similitudes con los enfoques teóricos del paradigma de comprensión de la mente.In this review, the mind understanding (or theory of mind) paradigm is analysed in relation to a social problem with high prevalence in our schools, peer rejection. The main assumption is that mind understanding is a necessary competence for socio-cognitive understanding, and consequently, for social interaction. Firstly, some theoretical frameworks of peer rejection are reviewed, specifically those very close to mind understanding theories: deficits in processing social information and peer contribution. Secondly, some correlates of peer rejection are explored, such as: aggression, withdrawal, prosocial behaviour, low levels of intelligence, etc. In each case, close analogies are drawn to the case of mind understanding.Este trabajo fue realizado gracias a la ayuda del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Dirección General de Enseñanza e Investigación Científica, Madrid (BS02000-0951), y a la ayuda de la Fundació Caixa-Castelló y la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (P1.1B2000-13), concedida a los autores firmantes

Enantio- and diastereocontrol in intermolecular cyclopropanation reaction of styrene catalyzed by dirhodium(II) complexes with bulky ortho-metalated aryl phosphines

Enantiomerically pure dirhodium(II) complexes with ortho-metalated p-substituted aryl phosphines have been shown to be enantio- and diastereoselective in the cyclopropanation of styrene by ethyl diazoacetate. Enantioselectivities up to 91% and diastereoselectivities up to 90% are observed for ethyl cis-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate.Estevan Estevan, Francisco, [email protected] ; Lahuerta Peña, Pascual, [email protected] ; Lloret Fillol, Julio, [email protected] ; Sanau Torrecilla, Mercedes, [email protected] ; Ubeda Picot, M Angeles, [email protected] ; Vila Gomez, Jaume Llorenc, [email protected]

Trunk and lower limb muscle activation in linear, circular and spin back kicks

As any martial art, taekwondo can be classified as a specialty that requires high technical skills, such as a fine motor control both in static and dynamic conditions. Practitioners predominantly use kicks with high amplitude in both combat and technique (poomse) modalities. The aim of this study was the knowledge about trunk and lower limb muscle activation according to the type of kick (circular, linear and spin back kick) in the taekwondo technique modality. Twelve healthy and elite male taekwondo athletes voluntarily participated in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) during maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MVC) and execution of the kicks was bilaterally recorded from rectus abdominis (RA), external and internal oblique (EO and IO), erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), in the static phase of the three kicks

FRP Confinement of Stone Samples after Real Fire Exposure

The mechanical properties of stone materials can be severely affected by exposure to high temperatures. The effect of fire on stone buildings could cause irreversible damage and make it necessary to retrofit the affected elements. Particularly, the strengthening of columns by confinement with composites has been widely improved during the last decades. Today, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) confinement represents a very interesting alternative to traditional steel solutions. This work studied the behavior of cylindrical stone specimens subjected to real fire action and confined by means of CFRP or GFRP jackets, with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of these reinforcement systems applied to a material that has previously been seriously damaged by high temperature exposure. In general, the strengthened samples showed notable increases in strength and ductility. The response seemed to depend basically on the FRP properties and not on the degree of damage that the stone core may have suffered. Finally, the results obtained experimentally were compared with the confinement models proposed by the available design guides, in order to evaluate the accuracy that these models can offer under the different situations addressed in this research.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number RTI2018‐101148‐B‐I00. The APC was funded by University of Alicante, grant number VIGROB 212

Diseño e implementación de un sistema de codificación y gestión de almacenes en la empresa Transportes Urbanos de Zaragoza S.A.U.

Con el objetivo de mejorar y modernizar la gestión del almacén de TUZSA, se ha planteado un análisis de los métodos actuales de gestión que dé lugar a la implantación de un nuevo sistema de codificación de materiales, una reorganización física del almacén y un recálculo de los parámetros de gestión utilizados, como el stock de seguridad y el punto de pedido de cada material. El nuevo sistema de codificación resulta de la inclusión de TUZSA en el grupo AVANZA, que integra a varias empresas dedicadas al transporte de viajeros por carretera. Dado que en cada una de estas empresas se utiliza una forma distinta de codificar los materiales o repuestos utilizados, el grupo no tiene control del volumen de compras de los distintos productos empleados por cada explotación. Para poder optimizar ese proceso y negociar de forma conjunta el proceso de compra, se ha establecido un código común para todas las empresas del grupo. Además, debido a la obsolescencia encontrada en los métodos de localización y manutención de piezas, se plantea reformar el sistema de gestión actual, recalculando los parámetros de gestión empleados y reorganizando la disposición física del almacén de TUZSA. Como último paso, para dotar de una mayor agilidad a los procesos de recepción, colocación y entrega de piezas, así como a los inventarios de almacén o a cualquier otro proceso que se realice habitualmente, además de reducir el número de errores y el volumen de papel empleado, se ha diseñado un sistema de gestión por código de barras que sea intuitivo, ágil y que esté integrado en el software de gestión actualmente empleado

Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) tensile behavior after high temperature exposure

Although one of the main advantages of Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) is their non-combustible character, their behavior against fire or high temperatures has not been sufficiently studied at present. This work analyzes the behavior of different commercial systems containing inorganic mortars and fabric reinforcements based on glass, carbon and basalt fibers, subjected to different temperature levels. To characterize the mechanical response of the different systems, non-destructive tests have been carried out to determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity of the different materials, and subsequent destructive tests to determine their strength and stress-strain relationship. For this purpose, the TRM coupons have been subjected to uniaxial tensile tests and the deformations have been monitored using LVDT (Linear Variable Displacement Transducer) sensors and DIC (Digital Image Correlation), in order to evaluate cracking patterns and failure modes. The results show, in general terms, that the mechanical capacity of these materials is seriously compromised at temperatures in the order of 400 to 600 °C, which can easily be reached during a fire inside a building. Therefore, it can be concluded that although these systems are erroneously perceived as fire resistant in many cases, they may require additional protection depending on the specific use for which they are intended.The authors would like to acknowledge Mapei Spain S.A. for the materials supplied in this work. This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number RTI2018-101148-B-100

Masonry walls strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) and subjected to in-plane cyclic loads after real fire exposure

A key feature that determines the seismic performance of masonry buildings is the ability of the walls to withstand in-plane cyclic loads. In this context, Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) have proven to be a very suitable strengthening solution, although their effectiveness after high temperature exposure is currently practically unexplored. This paper proposes an experimental campaign with full-scale brick walls and carbon fiber TRM, tested to failure under horizontal cyclic in-plane loads, after being exposed to temperatures of about 1000 °C by exposure to real fire. TRM is applied on one or both sides of the walls, and after or before exposure to fire, to simulate different scenarios that a real building could be exposed to. The results show that high temperatures can seriously compromise the integrity of the walls, while TRM can provide effective protection and prevent cracking of masonry from fire. Even after previous fire damage, the reinforcements can double the shear strength of unreinforced damaged walls, and provide high ductility and energy dissipation capacity. However, it is important to note that TRM, even undamaged, may not be able to properly retrofit a severely fire-damaged wall.This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number RTI2018-101148-B-I00

Shear strengthening of masonry walls with Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) under high temperature exposure

The behavior of masonry walls strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) is a topic that has received considerable attention from researchers in recent years. However, the response of such elements after exposure to high temperature is an issue that remains to be explored extensively. This study analyzes the behavior of TRM-strengthened brick masonry panels with glass and carbon fiber meshes subjected to temperatures up to 600 °C, and subsequently tested under diagonal compression. The reinforcements were applied before or after temperature exposure, to analyze the effectiveness of damaged or undamaged TRMs, thus simulating different scenarios that might occur in a real building under a fire event. In general terms, the results showed that TRMs with carbon fibers exhibited a better response in these conditions, restoring the walls to their original capacity and providing additional ductility, whilst reinforcements with glass fibers seemed to be more affected by temperature. Finally, the experimental results are here compared to predictions from available design guides, in order to assess the accuracy that these codes would provide in these circumstances.This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number RTI2018-101148-B-100

Villancicos que se han de cantar en los ... maytines del Nacimiento de N. Señor Jesu-Christo, en la Santa Metropolitana Iglesia de Valencia, en este presente años 1792

Según Palau, XXVII, 367683, fue impreso en 1792Sign.: []4Parte del texto a dos colPort. y texto con orla tipPort. con grab. xil. de la Virgen con el Niñ