Wiedernutzung von Industriebrachen für eine ökologisch, sozial und wirtschaftlich nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung? Einschätzungen und Bewertungen zum Projekt CultNature

Dargestellt werden die Ergebnisse einer Befragung zu den ersten Einschätzungen des CultNature-Konzepts durch die für das Projekt relevanten Akteure. Ziel ist die Abschätzung des mit dem Projekt verbundenen Erwartungshorizontes. Das Projekt wurde von den relevanten Akteuren in vielen Punkten positiv beurteilt. Man kann also davon ausgehen, dass CultNature im Ruhrgebiet und den anderen Bergbaurückzugsgebieten bei den befragten Akteuren insgesamt auf Akzeptanz stößt. Die meisten Befragten gehen davon aus, dass das Flächenpotenzial für CultNature in den Bergbaurückzugsgebieten vorhanden ist. Trotz der positiven Bewertung von CultNature sind viele der Befragten der Ansicht, dass die Realisierung von CultNature mit Interessenkonflikten und Auseinandersetzungen verbunden sein kann. Die Ergebnisse zu den Aussagen über die Erfolgsbedingungen bestätigen klar, wie notwendig eine integrierte Stadtentwicklung ist

The Doctrine of Scripture in Fundamentalist Theology A Lutheran Appraisal

The analysis of these four sources will form the body of this paper. The comparison will support the thesis that there is an appropriate distinction to be made between the fundamentalist and the traditional Lutheran doctrine of Scripture. This distinction is made in the hope that further discussion may be facilitated by the avoidance of unnecessary conflict due to the misuse of the term fundamentalism as applied to the Missouri Synod

Witnessing Domestic Violence: Measuring The Effects In Adolescence, Adulthood, And In The Next Generation Of Children

Witnessing domestic violence during childhood has been associated with various negative health outcomes. In this work, we conducted a series of analyses to further explore the effects of witnessing that persist into adolescence, adulthood, and, taking a novel approach, to the next generation of children. First, we compared witnessing status and subsequent experiences with different types (physical, sexual, emotional, or multiple types) of adolescent relationship violence by comparing standardized marginal effects from multiply-imputed data. Witnessing was associated with all forms of violence, and additive effect modification indicated that female witnesses were more likely than male witnesses to experience victimization-related outcomes. In contrast, male witnesses were more likely than female witnesses to experience perpetration-related outcomes, except for physical perpetration. Second, using standardized multinomial regression, we compared whether witnessing same-gender, opposite-gender, or bidirectional domestic violence perpetration was associated with different adolescent relationship violence outcomes for boys and girls. Compared to non-witnesses, boys who witnessed adult males perpetrate had increased adolescent perpetration. In contrast, girls had increased adolescent victimization if they witnessed males and females perpetrating together and had a tendency toward higher victimization when witnessing males perpetrate alone. Notably, boys and girls who witnessed females perpetrate, alone or together with a male, had increased risk for combined victimization/perpetration compared to non-witnesses. Finally, perhaps the greatest challenge in this field is having to rely on observational studies, particularly because witnessing co-occurs with many confounding experiences. To overcome this limitation, we used propensity score weighting and applied a new approach to understand the impact that intergenerational violence has on health. Comparing the effects of witnessing domestic violence on first- and second-generation health outcomes using parent-child pairs from a population-based study, we found no effect of witnessing on general health of adults who witnessed violence during childhood. However, children whose parents witnessed domestic violence had worse health compared to children with non-witnessing parents. This work further supports the theory of intergenerational violence transmission and provides a springboard for future studies by offering a novel approach to studying multi-generational effects of witnessing and promoting more rigorous methods to remove the effects of commonly confounding exposures

More benefit or harm? Moral contextualism shapes public attitudes towards social egg freezing

Medical treatments at the beginning and end of human life are highly contested in public discourse. Our study reveals factors shaping the acceptance of social egg freezing (or oocyte cryopreservation) as an assisted reproduction technology (ART) in the general public. Based on the theory of moral contextualism and the literature on medical ethics, we deduce potential factors influencing attitudes toward cryopreservation (for example, the number of oocytes used or the age up to which women plan to use the oocytes). The influence of these factors on individual attitudes is modeled using a factorial design embedded into a web survey. The results show that factors associated with potential harm to the children decrease acceptance of cryopreservation, whereas factors associated with potential harm to the women increase acceptance. The strongest effect has the age at which women plan to use the preserved oocytes

Evaluation of Platelet Function Testing in Children with Systemic-to-Pulmonary-Artery Shunt due to congenital heart disease

Einleitung: Kinder mit schweren angeborenen Herzfehlern stehen nach initialer Shunt-Operation unter dem Risiko, einen lebensgefährlichen Shunt-Verschluss zu erleiden. Das Risiko kann durch die Therapie mit Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) gesenkt werden. Am Deutschen Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB) werden Thrombozytenfunktionstests eingesetzt, um die Patienten zu identifizieren, die keine ASS-Wirkung zeigen (ASS-Non-Responder). Ziel dieser Studie ist der erstmalige Vergleich der beiden im DHZB zu Anwendung kommenden Testverfahren Lichttransmissionsaggregometrie (LTA) und Multiplate-Analyse bei Patienten mit aortopulmonalem Shunt. In einer weiteren Auswertung werden klinischen Abläufe analysiert mit dem Ziel, eine Handlungsempfehlung zu erstellen. Methoden: In dieser Studie konnten im Zeitraum von 2014-2019 retrospektiv Daten von 103 Patienten mit aortopulmonalem Shunt unter ASS-Therapie ausgewertet werden. Neben den Funktionstestungen wurden auch klinische Parameter und Laborwerte analysiert. Zudem wurden für die Handlungsempfehlung Dosis-Änderungen, Umstellung der Therapie und erneute Durchführung der Funktionstestung dokumentiert. Ergebnis: Die LTA-Analyse ergab bei 86,3% der Patienten (n=63/73) eine suffiziente ASS-Therapie, bei der Multiplate-Analyse war dies in 19,8% der Fall (n=15/76). Bei Patienten, die mit beiden Verfahren getestet wurden, stimmen die Ergebnisse in 26% der Fälle überein (n=12/46). In 73,9% der Fälle ergab die LTA-Analyse eine suffiziente Hemmung (n=34/46), wohingegen die Multiplate-Analyse eine insuffiziente Hemmung anzeigte. Rückblickend zeigten sich 1,94% der Patienten als ASS-Non-Responder (n=2/103). Bei 13,6% der Patienten trat ein Shunt-Verschluss auf (n=14/103), einer davon unter ASS-Therapie. Ein starker Zusammenhang bestand zwischen Multiplate-Ergebnissen und Thrombozytenzahl der Patienten (r=0,543, p=0,001). Initial wurden 15,5% der Patienten unter der Dosis-Empfehlung von 3 mg/kgKG therapiert (n=16/103). Durch Erhöhung der Dosis und erneutes Testen konnte die Rate der suffizienten Therapie um 41,7% gesteigert werden. Von der abschließend entwickelten Handlungsempfehlung wurde während des Studienzeitraums in 22,3% der Fälle abgewichen (n=23/103). Im Verlauf des Studienzeitraumes nahm die durchschnittliche ASS-Dosierung zu und die Therapieüberwachung näherte sich den Vorgaben der Handlungsempfehlung an. Diskussion: Im Vergleich der beiden Testverfahren scheint die LTA-Analyse für eine Überwachung der ASS-Therapie der Multiplate-Analyse überlegen zu sein. Die aus der Verfahrensanalyse hervorgegangene Handlungsempfehlung soll dazu dienen, die Therapie von Patienten mit aortopulmonalem Shunt weiter zu verbessern. Bisher besteht keine Evidenz, ob das Erkennen eines ASS-Non-Responders und somit auch das Therapie-Monitoring einen Überlebensvorteil hat. Somit ist die Handlungsempfehlung Basis für folgende prospektive Vergleichsstudien, um Überlebensvorteil und Komplikationsrate unter Therapie-Monitoring zu untersuchen.Background: Pediatric patients with severe congenital heart defects are at an increased risk to suffer shunt thrombosis after implantation of systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunts. The risk of shunt thrombosis can be reduced by using Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). At the German Heart Center Berlin, two platelet function tests are applied to identify ASA nonresponse. The aim of this study was to compare the two tests used at the German Heart Center Berlin, these being Light Transmission Aggregometry (LTA) and Impedance Aggregometry (Multiplate), for the first time in pediatric patients who have a systemic-to pulmonary-artery shunt. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was then developed by analyzing current clinical processes. Methods: In the period from 2014-2019, data from 103 patients who had received ASA treatment had been analyzed retrospectively. In addition to function testing, clinical and laboratory parameters were also evaluated. To further develop an SOP, changes in medication and dosing were documented as well as test repetitions. Results: With the application of LTA, 86.3% of the tested subjects showed adequate inhibition (n=63/73). When Multiplate was applied, 19.8% of the subjects showed an adequate inhibition (n=15/76). In patients where both methods had been used, 26% showed the same results (n=12/46). In 73.9% LTA showed adequate inhibition (n=34/46), whereas Multiplate showed inadequate inhibition. In retrospection 1.94% of the patients can be diagnosed as ASA non-responders (n=2/103). 13.6% percent of the patients experienced shunt thrombosis (n=14/103), with one case occurring during ASA treatment. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between Multiplate results and platelet counts of the patients (r=0.543, p=0.001). Overall, 15.5% of the subjects received less than 3 mg per kg of bodyweight, which is the lowest recommended dosage (n=16/103). The rate of sufficient test results increased by 41.7% when dosage had been increased and testing was repeated. The treatment of the analyzed subjects was different in 22.3% of the cases when compared to the developed SOP. During the study period, the dosage of ASA increases, and the treatment approached towards the SOP. Conclusion: When comparing the two platelet function test systems, LTA seems to be more suitable at testing platelet function under ASA therapy in the given patients. The developed SOP will be used to improve the therapy of patients who have systemic-to pulmonary-artery shunts even further. Up to this point, there is no evidence that monitoring and detecting patients with ASA nonresponse can improve the survival rate of the analyzed patient group. Thus, the SOP can be the basis to conduct a randomized controlled trial, to determine if ASA monitoring can provide improvement in survival, by reducing the complication rate

The reliability of replications: a study in computational reproductions

This study investigates researcher variability in computational reproduction, an activity for which it is least expected. Eighty-five independent teams attempted numerical replication of results from an original study of policy preferences and immigration. Reproduction teams were randomly grouped into a ‘transparent group’ receiving original study and code or ‘opaque group’ receiving only a method and results description and no code. The transparent group mostly verified original results (95.7% same sign and p-value cutoff), while the opaque group had less success (89.3%). Second-decimal place exact numerical reproductions were less common (76.9 and 48.1%). Qualitative investigation of the workflows revealed many causes of error, including mistakes and procedural variations. When curating mistakes, we still find that only the transparent group was reliably successful. Our findings imply a need for transparency, but also more. Institutional checks and less subjective difficulty for researchers ‘doing reproduction’ would help, implying a need for better training. We also urge increased awareness of complexity in the research process and in ‘push button’ replications

The Crowdsourced Replication Initiative: Investigating Immigration and Social Policy Preferences. Executive Report.

In an era of mass migration, social scientists, populist parties and social movements raise concerns over the future of immigration-destination societies. What impacts does this have on policy and social solidarity? Comparative cross-national research, relying mostly on secondary data, has findings in different directions. There is a threat of selective model reporting and lack of replicability. The heterogeneity of countries obscures attempts to clearly define data-generating models. P-hacking and HARKing lurk among standard research practices in this area.This project employs crowdsourcing to address these issues. It draws on replication, deliberation, meta-analysis and harnessing the power of many minds at once. The Crowdsourced Replication Initiative carries two main goals, (a) to better investigate the linkage between immigration and social policy preferences across countries, and (b) to develop crowdsourcing as a social science method. The Executive Report provides short reviews of the area of social policy preferences and immigration, and the methods and impetus behind crowdsourcing plus a description of the entire project. Three main areas of findings will appear in three papers, that are registered as PAPs or in process

Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty

This study explores how researchers’ analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers’ expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each team’s workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers’ results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings