Eficácia do exercício físico nos défices motores e cognitivos do doente com demência: revisão bibliográfica

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaIntrodução: o exercício físico é uma forma de prevenir e tratar doenças severas relacionadas com o sistema cardiovascular e sedentarismo o que, na população envelhecida, resultará numa maior eficácia no atraso de incapacidade e outros problemas relacionados com o envelhecimento vulnerável. Objetivo: investigar o efeito do exercício físico nos défices físicos e cognitivos de pacientes com demência. Metodologia: foi efetuada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmes e PEDro e no motor de busca B-On, de forma a encontrar estudos randomizados controlados de livre acesso, nos idiomas: português, espanhol e inglês, com descrição do protocolo de exercícios, cujos participantes tivessem idade superior a 65 anos de ambos os sexos e diagnóstico de demência. Resultados: selecionaram-se 5 artigos com um total de 927 participantes de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 83,2 anos e diagnóstico de demência onde se aplicou protocolos de treino aeróbico, de força, equilíbrio, flexibilidade e atividades da vida diária. Conclusão: a aplicação de um programa de exercícios a doentes com demência tem efeitos positivos a curto e a longo prazo na cognição e no estado físico.Introduction: physical exercise is a way to prevent and treat severe diseases related with the cardiovascular system and sedentary lifestyle which, in older population, can result in a bigger efficiency in the delay of incapacity and other problems related with vulnerable aging. Objective: to investigate the effect of physical exercise in the cognitive and physical deficits in patients with diagnosis of dementia. Method: the research was carried out in the database Pubmed and PEDro and search engine B-On in order to find randomized controlled studies with open acess and in the languages: Portuguese, Spanish and English, with description of the exercise program and whose participants were over 65 years old of both sexes and diagnosed with dementia . Results: 5 articles were selected with a total of 927 participants of both genders, with an average age of 83,2 years and diagnosis of dementia where protocols of aerobic training, strength, balance, flexibility and daily life activities were applied. Conclusion: the application of an exercise program in patients with dementia had positive effects in short and long terms in cognition and physical deficits.N/

Myths and legends of the fountains of Trás-os-Montes

O distrito de Bragança para lá de diversas qualidades tanto a nível gastronómico, paisagístico e cultural possui também um grande caráter histórico, nomeadamente recheado de lendas e mitos relacionadas com as fontes. Estas histórias mostram, igualmente, que no passado a crença em presságios era algo permanente, principalmente quando havia algo de mau a acontecer a sociedade tentava encontrar a sua salvação com algo visível, como a água.The district of Bragança beyond various qualities, landscaping, gastronomic and cultural ones, also has a great historic nature, namely full of legends and myths related to fountains. These stories also show that in the past the belief in omens was something permanent, especially when there was something bad happening, society tried to find their salvation with something visible, like water

Productivism in postgraduate programs from the perspective of the activity-centered ergonomics

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a atividade de trabalho docente de nível superior, identificando os constrangimentos a que os profissionais dessa categoria estão submetidos, devido, especialmente, ao sistema de avaliação da produção intelectual atrelado aos programas de pós-graduação. Foram estudadas as atividades do corpo docente que atua no departamento de Engenharia de Produção (EP) de uma universidade pública federal, no interior do estado de São Paulo. A escolha dessa temática considera que o trabalho docente passou a ter nova lógica nas rotinas acadêmicas, baseada na aceleração e intensificação de atividades e no estímulo à produtividade, que reproduz no âmbito universitário as características próprias do trabalho flexível. Quanto ao delineamento metodológico, esta pesquisa é classificada como descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, complementada pela aplicação de um estudo de caso único, delineado pela abordagem metodológica da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET). Os resultados mostram que os docentes que atuam no programa de pós-graduação da instituição selecionada estão submetidos a constrangimentos e experimentam sentimento de frustração devido às cobranças por publicação em detrimento de outras atividades que consideram ter mais sentido e propósito. Parte dos docentes considera a avaliação da produção intelectual um processo opressivo e motivador de um produtivismo sem retorno, que não traduz o desempenho de um bom professor no exercício de suas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão.The purpose of this article is to analyze the higher education teaching work, identifying the constraints faced by this professional category mostly due to the system of intellectual production evaluation linked to postgraduate programs. We studied the activities of the faculty that works in the Department of Production Engineering (EP) of a federal public university located in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. This theme has been chosen because teaching work started having a new logic in academic routines, based on the acceleration and intensification of activities and stimulus to productivity, which reproduces the characteristics of flexible work in the university scope. As to the methodological design, it is a qualitative descriptive research, complemented by the application of a single case study, outlined by the methodological approach of the Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA). The results show that the professors who work in the postgraduate program of the selected institution are submitted to constraints and experience frustration because of the demand for publication in detriment of other activities that they consider to have more meaning and purpose. Some of the professors consider the intellectual production evaluation an oppressive process, which motivates productivism with no results and that does not reflect the good professors’ performance when exercising their teaching, research and extension activities

Heterogeneous lupus‐specific lesions and treatment outcome, in a single patient, over a period of time

The report highlights the importance of strict clinico-histological correlations when skin biopsies are performed in diagnostic doubt in systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, PUVA is never indicated in autoimmune conditions involving photosensitivity, due to high potential for internal and cutaneous aggravation of the disease, as the authors observed in this case.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Layer by layer retinal study using optical coherence tomography

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune and multisystemic disease. Recent studies with functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive tests report an unexpectedly high frequency of central nervous system involvement, even in patients with asymptomatic SLE. The purpose of this study was to identify early signs of retinal neurodegeneration by comparing the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and all macular layers between patients with SLE without ophthalmologic manifestations and healthy controls. The effect of disease duration and systemic comorbidities was also studied. Methods: Cross-sectional study, in which all participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation including retinal segmentation analysis with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Patients with SLE also received a detailed autoimmune disease specialist evaluation to assess the disease activity state and systemic involvement. For pRNFL thickness, the global and six peripapillary sectors were determined. Each macular layer thickness was determined in the nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to control for the effect of potential demographic, ophthalmic and systemic confounders. A second multivariable analysis, including patients with SLE only, was performed to assess the effect of disease-specific variables on the outcome measures. Results: Sixty-eight eyes of 68 patients with SLE and 50 eyes of 50 healthy controls were considered. The pRNFL was significantly thinner in the SLE group globally (p = 0.026) and in the temporal superior (p = 0.007) and temporal (p = 0.037) sectors. In patients with SLE, chronic medication for hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and anticoagulants were associated with a significant thinning of the pRNFL. Patients with SLE presented significant thinning in the photoreceptor layer in five ETDRS areas (p < 0.05). Shorter disease duration was associated with greater photoreceptor thinning in all ETDRS subfields. Neuropsychiatric SLE, higher disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with a thinner photoreceptor layer. No differences were observed in overall retinal thickness or the remaining macular layers. Conclusion: Patients with SLE present early signs of retinal neurodegeneration, as evidenced by a reduction in the photoreceptor layer and pRNFL. These signs are more pronounced in patients with higher cardiovascular risk burden or neuropsychiatric involvement.publishersversionpublishe

LASER TERAPIA COMO ALTERNATIVA INOVADORA NO TRATAMENTO DA ANQUILOGLOSSIA – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

O freio lingual é uma estrutura anatômica de fundamental importância das funções de sucção, deglutição e fala. Um freio lingual curto ou espessado aderido ao assoalho bucal dificulta a movimentação da língua, podendo prejudicar as funções desempenhadas por essa estrutura. Tal alteração é denominada anquiloglossia e pode ser diagnosticada ao nascimento, sendo necessário a realização da frenectomia para que se restabeleça a funcionalidade normal da língua. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com as peculiaridades da anquiloglossia expondo as vantagens, desvantagens, facilidade de execução da frenectomia com o uso do laser e o tratamento em foco da laser terapia. Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica de publicações nas bases de dados do Pubmed e Scielo utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: anquiloglossia, laser e cirurgia, obtidas de acordo com o DECS (descritores em ciência da saúde). Foram adotados como critérios de inclusão do estudo: a) artigos disponíveis na íntegra; b) artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos; c) artigos escritos em língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. Através dos estudos consultados conclui-se que a realização da frenectomia com uso da laser terapia proporciona mais benefícios em relação a frenectomia convencional (com uso de bisturi), entretanto, possui desvantagens em relação ao seu custo, que por ser elevado, reduz sua utilização, e como consequência gera poucos estudos, tornando seu conhecimento restrito

Eating habits: knowledge of pregnant teenagersassistedin primary care

Objective: to understand he eating habits of pregnant teenagers assisted in primary care. Method: this is an exploratory studywithquantitative and qualitative approach, conducted in the Family Health Units, Cajazeiras-Paraiba, with 24 pregnant teens. In December 2010, through interviews with semi-structured script was conducted the data collection, which, for processing, was used thematic analysis (Bardin, 2009).Results: the study evidenced that pregnant teenagers showed some nutritional deficiency, given to the low level of education, the state of development and to financial unavailability. Conclusion: the study confirms the need for a differentiated prenatal care to pregnant teenagers, by crossing two phases of development, simultaneously, suggesting valid changes in their health, being necessary effective and efficient care provisions, in order to prevent health and life risks, promote and maintain health and well-being of both mother and child

Novel lipids to regulate obesity and brain function: comparing available evidence and insights from QSAR in silico models

Lipid molecules, such as policosanol, ergosterol, sphingomyelin, omega 3 rich phosphatidylcholine, α-tocopherol, and sodium butyrate, have emerged as novel additions to the portfolio of bioactive lipids. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss these lipids, and their activity against obesity and mental or neurological disorders, with a focus on their proposed cellular targets and the ways in which they produce their beneficial effects. Furthermore, this available information is compared with that provided by in silico Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) models in order to understand the usefulness of these tools for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Accordingly, it was possible to highlight how these lipids interact with various cellular targets related to the molecule transportation and absorption (e.g., α-tocopherol transfer protein for α-Tocopherol, ATP-binding cassette ABC transporters or Apolipoprotein E for sphingomyelins and phospholipids) or other processes, such as the regulation of gene expression (involving Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins for ergosterol or Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the case of policosanol) and inflammation (the regulation of interleukins by sodium butyrate). When comparing the literature with in silico Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) models, it was observed that although they are useful for selecting bioactive molecules when compared in batch, the information they provide does not coincide when assessed individually. Our review highlights the importance of considering a broad range of lipids as potential bioactives and the need for accurate prediction of ADMET parameters in the discovery of new biomolecules. The information presented here provides a useful resource for researchers interested in developing new strategies for the treatment of obesity and mental or neurological disorders.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio