Da solidariedade social ao individualismo: um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento do Vale dos Vinhedos na Serra Gaúcha

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia PolíticaEsta tese de doutoramento no curso de Sociologia Política da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina tem como objetivo analisar os fatores favoráveis e os obstáculos à construção de um processo de desenvolvimento territorial sustentável do Vale dos Vinhedos, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Busca-se compreender a trajetória do desenvolvimento da região e as formas das relações entre os diferentes grupos de atores, no que se refere a questões político-institucionais, socioeconômicas, ecológicas e culturais. Como referencial teórico para a análise dos fatores que afetam a busca da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento foram utilizados conceitos e noções provenientes da ecologia humana, da ecologia política, e da teoria sobre modos de gestão de recursos de uso comum. Essas concepções dão suporte ao ecodesenvolvimento como ideologia científica, em busca do desenvolvimento baseado em princípios como o da equidade social e da prudência ecológica. Concretiza-se o referencial teórico com a perspectiva do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, como caminho para os desafios socioambientais. A análise da trajetória do desenvolvimento da região e dos conflitos e negociações existentes atualmente, observados através das entrevistas com atores locais, permitiu verificar que, apesar da superação da pobreza rural a partir do fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, a formação de uma nova elite econômica formada pelas famílias proprietárias de vinícolas, oriundas da própria agricultura familiar local, tem estado associada ao enfraquecimento das relações sociais dos demais grupos sociais. As novas relações sociais promovem a redução do papel da vida comunitária na construção do desenvolvimento e da participação desses atores no planejamento e gestão territorial. Os cenários construídos no trabalho apontam para, em se mantendo as estratégias que vêm sendo adotadas nas últimas duas décadas, a perspectiva de consolidação de um desenvolvimento com características territoriais e sustentáveis pouco evidente, ameaçando as conquistas alcançadas até o momento. This Phd dissertation in the Political Sociology course of Santa Catarina Federal University aims to analyze favorable factors and obstacles to the constructions of a sustainable territorial development process of Vale dos Vinhedos. It seeks to comprehend the trajectory of development in the region and the relations between the different groups of actors, concerning political-institutional, socio economical and ecological matters. Concepts and notions proceeding from human ecology, political ecology, and from the theory about means of management of common use resources were used as a theoretical reference for the analysis of factors that affect the search for sustainability of development. These conceptions support eco-development as a scientific ideology, in search of development based on principles such as social equity and ecological prudence. The theoretical reference renders concrete with the perspective of sustainable territorial development, as a way to socio environmental challenges. The analysis of the development trajectory of the conflict area and existing negotiations nowadays, observed through the interviews with local actors, has made it possible to realize that, in spite of the overcoming of rural poverty originated from the strengthening of familiar agriculture, the formation of a new economical elite formed by families that own vineyards, coming from local familiar agriculture itself, has been associated with the weakening of social relations of other social groups. The new social relations promote the reduction of the community life role in the construction of development and participation of these actors in the territorial planning and management. The scenarios built in the work point to the fact that if the strategies that have been adopted in the last two decades are maintained, the perspective of consolidation of a development with very little evident territorial and sustainable characteristics, threaten the achievements reached so far

Novos paradigmas do desenvolvimento catarinense

Bibliografia: p. 347Neste capítulo, realiza-se, de forma muito sintética, uma análise sobre as condições que levaram o estado de Santa Catarina a ter índices de desenvolvimento mais elevados que a média brasileira e apontam-se as perspectivas de superação de obstáculos e de fortalecimento de suas vantagens competitivas para a construção de um desenvolvimento sustentável nos médio e longo prazos. É uma contribuição para o debate voltado, particularmente, para os agentes de financiamento do processo de desenvolvimento do país.In this chapter, we conduct a succinct analysis on what led the state of Santa Catarina to present development indexes that were higher than the Brazilian average. Besides this, we highlight the perspective of overcoming obstacles and strengthening the state s competitive edge to build sustainable development in the medium and long terms. This is aimed at advancing the debate aimed specifically at financing agents involved in developing the country

Characterization of the resistance of tomato accessions from the bgh-ufv to the geminivírus tomato yellow spot virus

The viruses transmitted by whiteflies are among those causing relevant losses in tomato cultivation. Among the measures to control these agents, introducing genes for resistance constitutes the main control measure, together with vector control. The objective of this work was to screen for sources of natural resistance to Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) in S. lycopersicum germplasm from the Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH) of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, Brazil. The 99 accessions and two susceptible controls were inoculated using biolistics. Inoculated plants were grown under greenhouse conditions. The percentage of plants displaying virus symptoms was evaluated at 10, 20 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). Virus presence or absence in the inoculated plants was confirmed by hybridization with probes labeled with á-[32P]-dCTP, for each evaluation date. Inoculated plants produced typical disease symptoms showing different behavior on the genotypes in relation to ToYSV. Some of the evaluated genotypes showed higher virus tolerance compared to two susceptible controls, in particular the accessions BGH-2039V and BGH-2041 which showed no symptoms and no viral DNA accumulation in 80% of the inoculated plants at 30 DAI. The results suggest that the selected tomato accesses are good sources of resistance to new tomato cultivars tolerant to ToYSV.Os vírus transmitidos por moscas brancas estão entre aqueles que causam perdas relevantes na cultura do tomate. Entre as medidas para o controle desses agentes, a introdução de genes de resistência constitui a principal medida de controle, juntamente com o controle de vetores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi procurar fontes de resistência natural ao Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) em germoplasma de S. lycopersicum do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, Brasil. Noventa e nove subamostras e dois controles suscetíveis foram inoculados usando biobalística. As plantas inoculadas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação. A porcentagem de plantas exibindo sintomas do vírus foi avaliada aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a inoculação (DAI). A presença ou ausência do vírus nas plantas inoculadas foi confirmada por hibridização com sondas marcadas com á-[32P]-dCTP, para cada data de avaliação. Plantas inoculadas produziram sintomas típicos da doença mostrando diferentes comportamentos dos genótipos em relação ao ToYSV. Alguns dos genótipos avaliados apresentaram maior tolerância ao vírus em relação aos dois controles suscetíveis, em particular as subamostras BGH-2039V e BGH-2041, que não apresentaram sintomas e no tinham acúmulo de DNA viral em 80% das plantas inoculadas aos 30 DAI. Os resultados sugerem que as subamostras de tomate selecionadas são boas fontes de resistência para novas cultivares de tomateiro tolerantes ao ToYSV

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Da solidariedade social ao individualismo

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia PolíticaEsta tese de doutoramento no curso de Sociologia Política da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina tem como objetivo analisar os fatores favoráveis e os obstáculos à construção de um processo de desenvolvimento territorial sustentável do Vale dos Vinhedos, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Busca-se compreender a trajetória do desenvolvimento da região e as formas das relações entre os diferentes grupos de atores, no que se refere a questões político-institucionais, socioeconômicas, ecológicas e culturais. Como referencial teórico para a análise dos fatores que afetam a busca da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento foram utilizados conceitos e noções provenientes da ecologia humana, da ecologia política, e da teoria sobre modos de gestão de recursos de uso comum. Essas concepções dão suporte ao ecodesenvolvimento como ideologia científica, em busca do desenvolvimento baseado em princípios como o da equidade social e da prudência ecológica. Concretiza-se o referencial teórico com a perspectiva do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, como caminho para os desafios socioambientais. A análise da trajetória do desenvolvimento da região e dos conflitos e negociações existentes atualmente, observados através das entrevistas com atores locais, permitiu verificar que, apesar da superação da pobreza rural a partir do fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, a formação de uma nova elite econômica formada pelas famílias proprietárias de vinícolas, oriundas da própria agricultura familiar local, tem estado associada ao enfraquecimento das relações sociais dos demais grupos sociais. As novas relações sociais promovem a redução do papel da vida comunitária na construção do desenvolvimento e da participação desses atores no planejamento e gestão territorial. Os cenários construídos no trabalho apontam para, em se mantendo as estratégias que vêm sendo adotadas nas últimas duas décadas, a perspectiva de consolidação de um desenvolvimento com características territoriais e sustentáveis pouco evidente, ameaçando as conquistas alcançadas até o momento. This Phd dissertation in the Political Sociology course of Santa Catarina Federal University aims to analyze favorable factors and obstacles to the constructions of a sustainable territorial development process of Vale dos Vinhedos. It seeks to comprehend the trajectory of development in the region and the relations between the different groups of actors, concerning political-institutional, socio economical and ecological matters. Concepts and notions proceeding from human ecology, political ecology, and from the theory about means of management of common use resources were used as a theoretical reference for the analysis of factors that affect the search for sustainability of development. These conceptions support eco-development as a scientific ideology, in search of development based on principles such as social equity and ecological prudence. The theoretical reference renders concrete with the perspective of sustainable territorial development, as a way to socio environmental challenges. The analysis of the development trajectory of the conflict area and existing negotiations nowadays, observed through the interviews with local actors, has made it possible to realize that, in spite of the overcoming of rural poverty originated from the strengthening of familiar agriculture, the formation of a new economical elite formed by families that own vineyards, coming from local familiar agriculture itself, has been associated with the weakening of social relations of other social groups. The new social relations promote the reduction of the community life role in the construction of development and participation of these actors in the territorial planning and management. The scenarios built in the work point to the fact that if the strategies that have been adopted in the last two decades are maintained, the perspective of consolidation of a development with very little evident territorial and sustainable characteristics, threaten the achievements reached so far

Administración pública y gobernanza en la segunda década del siglo XXI

La administración pública constituye una de las ciencias sociales que están en constante transformación y una de las que se encuentran íntimamente vinculadas al contexto regional, nacional y mundial, así lo constatan los cambios que ha manifestado en las tres últimas décadas, tanto en el plano nacional como en el continental. En ese lapso hemos sido testigos de la irrupción y el desarrollo de conceptos, enfoques y campos e conocimiento, tales cómo las políticas públicas o ciencias de políticas, la nueva gestión pública, el neoinstitucionalismo y recientemente el de la gobernanza, para citar a los más visibles; todos, sin embargo, indisolublemente asociados a la Administración Pública, ya sea desde una perspectiva disciplinaria o desde su acción como brazo ejecutor del Estado