Research and design of a mathematics game in Scratch for children with deficit of attention

Actualmente las TIC han penetrado todo el quehacer humano, tenemos millones de celulares y ordenadores que usamos para desarrollar todos los aspectos diarios en nuestra vidas, de acuerdo a esto y a cifras presentadas por la UNESCO en el mundo existen alrededor de 123 millones de jóvenes que usan los teléfonos móviles para jugar, estudiar y comunicarse, debido a esto y en niños menores de 5 años se presentan problemas de déficit de atención lo que los limita de forma drástica al momento de adquirir sus primeras competencias en matemáticas, por lo tanto el presente proyecto permite presentar una contribución al usar juegos didácticos basados en herramientas computacionales como es el caso de Scratch que permite crear juegos de destrezas para que estos estudiantes aprendan a sumar y restar de una manera lúdica y divertida y de Unity como motor de videojuego multiplataforma, disponible como plataforma de desarrollo para Microsoft WindowsCurrently, ICT have penetrated all of human activity, we have millions of cell phones and computers that we use to develop all the daily aspects in our lives, according to this and figures presented by UNESCO in the world there are about 123 million young people who use mobile phones to play, study and communicate, due to this and in children under 5 years of age there are problems of attention deficit which limits them drastically when they acquire their first competences in mathematics, therefore the present project allows to present a contribution when using didactic games based on computational tools such as Scratch that allows to create skill sets so that these students learn to add and subtract in a playful and fun way and Unity as a multi-platform videogame engine, available as a development platform for Microsoft Window

Transformaciones del Sistema de Salud Ecuatoriano

Objective: To describe the transformations of the structure of the health system in Ecuador, taking into account the constitutional and policy context of that country, and to reflect on the historical context in which it occurred and its implications for the welfare of the people from Ecuador. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review was made, beginning with the regulations of Ecuador since the Constitution of 1979, where health is considered as a right, passing by the Organic Law of Health, the Social Security Act, among others, including the last reform of the Constitution in 2008. Results: The transformation of the Health System of Ecuador is the result of the action of economic and political forces, both internal and external, that have affected this country throughout the studied period

Design and prototyping of an electronic cane for an indoor guide system for the blind

Blindness is a physical-sensory disability; This limits the ability of affected people to carry out activities of daily living and deteriorates their quality of life; It is estimated that there are 296,000 blind people throughout the Colombian territory, the article presents the development of an electronic baton that works with a system of guide lines and information points together with an application for mobile devices; The present investigation starts from the quantitative method, seeking to investigate the characteristics of the device in terms of its use, a descriptive investigation is developed that can be classified ex-post facto, As a result, a device is developed capable of guiding a blind person to their destination in closed areas, although the time used for the movement is greater compared to the time used for the journey with human assistance; there are solutions aimed at guiding a blind person in closed spaces, that meet this objective, although these require bulky hardware, which prevents the dimensions of the device from resembling those of the walking sticks normally used as a helpful tool by the blind population, limiting the natural use of them.La ceguera es una discapacidad de tipo físico-sensorial; Esto limita la capacidad de las personas afectadas para realizar actividades de la vida diaria y deteriora su calidad de vida; se estima que hay 296.000 ciegos en todo el territorio colombiano, el artículo presenta el desarrollo de un bastón electrónico que funciona con un sistema de líneas guía y puntos de información junto a una aplicación para dispositivos móviles; La presente investigación parte del método cuantitativo, buscando indagar en las características del dispositivo en cuanto a su uso, se desarrolla una investigación descriptiva que puede catalogarse de ex–post facto, como resultado se desarrolla un dispositivo capaz de guiar a una persona invidente a su destino en recintos cerrados, aunque el tiempo utilizado para el desplazamiento es mayor en comparación con el tiempo utilizado para el recorrido con la asistencia humana; existen soluciones orientadas a guiar a una persona invidente en espacios cerrados,  que cumplen con este objetivo, aunque estas requieren un hardware voluminoso, lo que impide que las dimensiones del dispositivo se asemejen a las de los bastones normalmente usado como herramienta de ayuda por la población invidente, limitando el uso natural de las mismas

Investigación y Diseño de un Juego de Matemáticas en Stratch para Niños con Déficit de Atención

Actualmente las TIC han penetrado todo el quehacer humano, tenemos millones de celulares y ordenadores que usamos para desarrollar todos los aspectos diarios en nuestra vidas, de acuerdo a esto y a cifras presentadas por la UNESCO en el mundo existen alrededor de 123 millones de jóvenes que usan los teléfonos móviles para jugar, estudiar y comunicarse, debido a esto y en niños menores de 5 años se presentan problemas de déficit de atención lo que los limita de forma drástica al momento de adquirir sus primeras competencias en matemáticas, por lo tanto el presente proyecto permite presentar una contribución al usar juegos didácticos basados en herramientas computacionales como es el caso de Scratch que permite crear juegos de destrezas para que estos estudiantes aprendan a sumar y restar de una manera lúdica y divertida y de Unity como motor de videojuego multiplataforma, disponible como plataforma de desarrollo para Microsoft Window

Interculturalidad de las etnias en Colombia

Han pasado 22 años desde que la UNESCO publicó el Informe de la Comisión Internacional sobre la educación para el siglo XXI, La educación encierra un tesoro, en el cual se discute el futuro de la educación a nivel mundial y se concibe esta como una de las vías para lograr el desarrollo humano. De este informe hace parte un capítulo, “Los cuatro pilares de la educación”, que se ha convertido en un referente teórico y pedagógico para todos aquellos que continuamente están reflexionando sobre el papel de la educación en un mundo, como el de hoy, de cambios acelerados en todos los ámbitos de la vida y en donde las personas deben adaptarse a estos si no quieren quedar excluidas de la sociedad del conocimiento

Compartmentalized Immune Response in Leishmaniasis: Changing Patterns throughout the Disease

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is characterized by loss of T-cell responsiveness and absence of Leishmania-specific IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, the expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-α are up-regulated in the tissues and plasma of VL patients. There is a paucity of information regarding the cytokine profile expressed by different target tissues in the same individual and the changes it undergoes throughout the course of infection. In this work we evaluated IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β mRNA expression using real-time RT-PCR in 5 target tissues at 6 months and 16 months post-infection (PI) in a canine experimental model which mimics many aspects of human VL. The spleen and liver of Leishmania infantum experimentally-infected dogs elicited a pro- and anti- inflammatory response and high parasite density at 6 and 16 months PI. The popliteal lymph node, however, showed an up-regulation of IFN-γ cytokin at commencement of the study and was at the chronic phase when the IL-10 and TGF-β expression appeared. In spite of skin parasite invasion, local cytokine response was absent at 6 months PI. Parasite growth and onset of clinical disease both correlated with dermal up-regulation of all the studied cytokines. Our VL model suggests that central target organs, such as the spleen and liver, present a mixed cytokine immune response early on infection. In contrast, an anti-inflammatory/regulatory immune response in peripheral tissues is activated in the later chronic-patent stages of the disease.This work was funded by Projects AGL2008-00748 and AGL2010-16678-GAN from the Spanish Government, and Grant 2005 FI 01116 from Generalitat de Catalunya Spain.S

Patients with Crohn's disease have longer post-operative in-hospital stay than patients with colon cancer but no difference in complications' rate

BACKGROUNDRight hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection are used to treat benign conditions like Crohn's disease (CD) and malignant ones like colon cancer (CC).AIMTo investigate differences in pre- and peri-operative factors and their impact on post-operative outcome in patients with CC and CD.METHODSThis is a sub-group analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology's prospective, multi-centre snapshot audit. Adult patients with CC and CD undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection were included. Primary outcome measure was 30-d post-operative complications. Secondary outcome measures were post-operative length of stay (LOS) at and readmission.RESULTSThree hundred and seventy-five patients with CD and 2,515 patients with CC were included. Patients with CD were younger (median = 37 years for CD and 71 years for CC (P < 0.01), had lower American Society of Anesthesiology score (ASA) grade (P < 0.01) and less comorbidity (P < 0.01), but were more likely to be current smokers (P < 0.01). Patients with CD were more frequently operated on by colorectal surgeons (P < 0.01) and frequently underwent ileocecal resection (P < 0.01) with higher rate of de-functioning/primary stoma construction (P < 0.01). Thirty-day post-operative mortality occurred exclusively in the CC group (66/2515, 2.3%). In multivariate analyses, the risk of post-operative complications was similar in the two groups (OR 0.80, 95%CI: 0.54-1.17; P = 0.25). Patients with CD had a significantly longer LOS (Geometric mean 0.87, 95%CI: 0.79-0.95; P < 0.01). There was no difference in re-admission rates. The audit did not collect data on post-operative enhanced recovery protocols that are implemented in the different participating centers.CONCLUSIONPatients with CD were younger, with lower ASA grade, less comorbidity, operated on by experienced surgeons and underwent less radical resection but had a longer LOS than patients with CC although complication's rate was not different between the two groups

Predictors for anastomotic leak, postoperative complications, and mortality after right colectomy for cancer: Results from an international snapshot audit

Background: A right hemicolectomy is among the most commonly performed operations for colon cancer, but modern high-quality, multination data addressing the morbidity and mortality rates are lacking. Objective: This study reports the morbidity and mortality rates for right-sided colon cancer and identifies predictors for unfavorable short-term outcome after right hemicolectomy. Design: This was a snapshot observational prospective study. Setting: The study was conducted as a multicenter international study. Patients: The 2015 European Society of Coloproctology snapshot study was a prospective multicenter international series that included all patients undergoing elective or emergency right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection over a 2-month period in early 2015. This is a subanalysis of the colon cancer cohort of patients. Main Outcome Measures: Predictors for anastomotic leak and 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality were assessed using multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression models after variables selection with the Lasso method. Results: Of the 2515 included patients, an anastomosis was performed in 97.2% (n = 2444), handsewn in 38.5% (n = 940) and stapled in 61.5% (n = 1504) cases. The overall anastomotic leak rate was 7.4% (180/2444), 30-day morbidity was 38.0% (n = 956), and mortality was 2.6% (n = 66). Patients with anastomotic leak had a significantly increased mortality rate (10.6% vs 1.6% no-leak patients; p 65 0.001). At multivariable analysis the following variables were associated with anastomotic leak: longer duration of surgery (OR = 1.007 per min; p = 0.0037), open approach (OR = 1.9; p = 0.0037), and stapled anastomosis (OR = 1.5; p = 0.041). Limitations: This is an observational study, and therefore selection bias could be present. For this reason, a multivariable logistic regression model was performed, trying to correct possible confounding factors. Conclusions: Anastomotic leak after oncologic right hemicolectomy is a frequent complication, and it is associated with increased mortality. The key contributing surgical factors for anastomotic leak were anastomotic technique, surgical approach, and duration of surgery

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)