Líquenes como bioindicadores de poluição atmosférica

Numa altura em que existem os mais variados equipamentos tecnológicos de avaliação da qualidade do ar recorrer a um organismo vivo para esse efeito não parece uma grande inovação a não ser que traga algum tipo de vantagem adicional, como seja permitir avaliar os efeitos da contaminação para além dos valores instantâneos obtidos por medições químicas. Os líquenes são seres vivos com características particulares, as hifas do fungo absorvem água diretamente da atmosfera, e por isso são particularmente sensíveis à poluição ambiental tornando-se um recurso a que qualquer pessoa pode recorrer para ter uma ideia da qualidade do ar que respira. Foi isso que tentámos fazer neste trabalho, identificar e comparar os líquenes de três locais, determinar a espécie a que pertencem e inferir sobre a qualidade do ar do local de onde os recolhemos, relativamente à quantidade de SO2 presente

Development and Validation of a Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students (SCQ-AS)

Objectives: Social capital has been studied due to its contextual influence on health. However, no specific assessment tool has been developed and validated for the measurement of social capital among 12-year-old adolescent students. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a quick, simple assessment tool to measure social capital among adolescent students. Methods: A questionnaire was developed based on a review of relevant literature. For such, searches were made of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, The Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Knowledge, International Database for Medical Literature and PubMed Central bibliographical databases from September 2011 to January 2014 for papers addressing assessment tools for the evaluation of social capital. Focus groups were also formed by adolescent students as well as health, educational and social professionals. The final assessment tool was administered to a convenience sample from two public schools (79 students) and one private school (22 students), comprising a final sample of 101 students. Reliability and internal consistency were evaluated using the Kappa coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Content validity was determined by expert consensus as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The final version of the questionnaire was made up of 12 items. The total scale demonstrated very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.71). Reproducibility was also very good, as the Kappa coefficient was higher than 0.72 for the majority of items (range: 0.63 to 0.97). Factor analysis grouped the 12 items into four subscales: School Social Cohesion, School Friendships, Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Trust (school and neighborhood). Conclusions: The present findings indicate the validity and reliability of the Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students

Metallothionein immunoexpression in non-syndromic and syndromic keratocystic odontogenic tumour

Background: To commpare the metallothionein (MT) immunoexpression in non-syndromic and syndromic keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KOT), to correlate MT with cellular proliferation, and to evaluate the influence of inflammation in MT. Material and Methods: Fourteen cases of KOT were submitted to imm unohistochemistry for MT and Ki-67 analysis. The lesions were grouped according to their grade of inflammation, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: MT was higher in non-syndromic KOT than in syndromic KOT (p<0.05). No statistical difference in Ki- 67 could be identified; however, an inverse correlation was observed between MT and Ki-67 in both lesions. When analysing inflammation, non-syndromic KOT showed no differences in either MT or Ki-67. Conclusions: The MT imm unophenotype of syndromic KOT was different from non-syndromic KOT. MT might not be involved in the proliferation control of both KOT. MT and Ki-67 imm unoexp ressions proved to be unaffected by inflammation in non-syndromic KOT

Adolescentes com DM1: conhecimento acerca da doença e dificuldades no autocuidado

Background: type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease increasingly prevalent in children, thus it is essential to encourage adherence to self-care and minimize the difficulties experienced. Objectives: characterize the knowledge of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus about their disease and identify their difficulties in self-care. Methodology: quantitative, simple descriptive study. Application of Knowledge Test of Adolescents with DM1 about the disease and the Inventory of Difficulties in Self-Care Roles by Flora &amp; Gameiro (2016). Data collected between june and november 2021 at Diabetes Consultation of a Hospital in the central region of Portugal. Sample of 34 diabetic adolescents with a mean age of 14.9 (±2.3) years. Results: in overall knowledge, adolescents show a level of knowledge between reasonable and good, and it is in domain 1 (Nature of the disease/physiopathology) where they show the best level of knowledge. In the difficulties in the self-care roles, they show higher percentages of difficulty in maintaining a balanced diet, fighting stress and interventions when facing hypoglycemia. Conclusion: adolescents have difficulties in self-care roles, and the nurses\u27 intervention in the implementation of adjusted therapeutic plans is essential to overcome the knowledge gaps and reduce the identified difficultiesMarco Contextual: la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad crónica cada vez más prevalente en niños, por lo que es fundamental fomentar la adherencia al autocuidado y minimizar las dificultades que experimentan. Objetivos: caracterizar el conocimiento de los adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 sobre su enfermedad e identificar sus dificultades en el autocuidado. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo simples. Aplicação de Test de Conocimientos de Adolescentes con DM1 sobre la enfermedad y el Inventario de Dificultades en los Roles de Autocuidado de Flora &amp; Gameiro (2016). Datos recogidos entre junio y noviembre de 2021 en la Consulta de Diabetes de un Hospital de la región central de Portugal. Muestra de 34 adolescentes diabéticos con edad media de 14,9 (±2,3) años. Resultados: en el conocimiento global, los adolescentes muestran un nivel de conocimiento entre razonable y bueno, y es en el dominio 1 (Naturaleza de la enfermedad/fisiopatología) donde muestran el mejor nivel de conocimiento. En cuanto a las dificultades en las funciones de autocuidado, estos pacientes mostraron mayores porcentajes de dificultad para mantener una dieta equilibrada, combatir el estrés e intervenir ante una hipoglucemia. Conclusión: adolescentes tienen una dificultad para los en los roles de autocuidado, siendo fundamental la intervención del enfermero en la implementación de planes terapéuticos ajustados, con el fin de llenar los vacíos de conocimiento y reducir las dificultades identificadas.Enquadramento: a Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 enquanto doença crónica é, cada vez mais prevalente, em idade pediátrica, sendo fundamental o incentivo de adesão ao autocuidado e a minimização das dificuldades sentidas. Objetivos: caracterizar o conhecimento de adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 acerca da sua doença e identificar as suas dificuldades no autocuidado. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo simples. Aplicação do Teste de Conhecimento dos Adolescentes com DM1 acerca da doença e o Inventário de Dificuldades nos Papéis de Autocuidado de Flora &amp; Gameiro (2016). Recolha de dados de junho a novembro de 2021, na Consulta de Diabetes de um Hospital da região centro de Portugal. Amostra de 34 adolescentes com média de idades de 14.9 (±2.3) anos. Resultados: no conhecimento global, os adolescentes apresentam um nível de conhecimento entre o razoável e bom, sendo o domínio 1 (Natureza da doença/fisiopatologia) onde estes apresentam melhor nível de conhecimento. Nas dificuldades nos papéis de autocuidado, apresentam maior dificuldade na manutenção de uma alimentação equilibrada, combate ao stress e intervenções numa hipoglicemia. Conclusão: verifica-se dificuldade destes nos papeis de autocuidado, sendo fundamental a intervenção dos enfermeiros na implementação de planos terapêuticos ajustados, no sentido de colmatar falhas de conhecimento e dificuldades identificadas

Aspectos fenológicos reprodutivos de Qualea grandiflora Mart. em Cerrado

Qualea grandiflora is a typical species of the ‘Cerradão’ physiognomy, of ecological, floristic and medicinal importance. However, there are few studies regarding to its phenology. In view of the above, the objective was to verify the seasonality and the influence of the climatic variables on the reproductive events of Qualea grandiflora in ‘Cerradão’. Fifteen (15) individuals were visited and visited monthly between July 2016 and June 2018 to record the events: flower buds, anthesis, immature and ripe fruits. Fournier's intensity and synchrony were correlated with precipitation, maximum, average and minimum temperature through the Spearman's correlation, and seasonality using circular statistics. The species itself produced buds and flowers during the rainy season, which resulted in a positive correlation with precipitation. The fruit formation occurred both in the rainy and dry season, whereas the fruit ripening occurred in the dry season. The immature fruit event was the only non-seasonal event due to its duration. The reproductive events of Qualea grandiflora correlated with temperature and precipitation, so the species uses this influence to enhance its chances of reproduction.Qualea grandiflora é uma espécie típica da fisionomia cerradão, de importância ecológica, florística e medicinal. No entanto, são pouco os estudos no que se refere a sua fenologia. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se verificar a sazonalidade e influência das variáveis climáticas nos eventos reprodutivos de Qualea grandiflora em cerradão. Marcaram-se 15 indivíduos que foram visitados mensalmente entre julho de 2016 e junho de 2018 para registrar os eventos: botões florais, antese, frutos imaturos e maduros. A intensidade de Fournier e sincronia foram correlacionadas com a precipitação, temperatura máxima, média e mínima através da correlação de Spearman, e a sazonalidade por meio da estatística circular. A espécie produziu botões e flores durante a estação chuvosa, o que resultou em correlação positiva com a precipitação. A formação de frutos ocorreu tanto na época chuvosa quanto na seca, já a maturação dos frutos ocorreu na estação seca. O evento de frutos imaturos foi o único não sazonal devido a sua duração. Os eventos reprodutivos de Qualea grandiflora se correlacionaram com a temperatura e a precipitação, de modo que a espécie utiliza essa influência para potencializar suas chances de reprodução

Phenolic, dietetic fibre and sensorial analyses of apples from regional varieties produced in conventional and biological mode

&nbsp;Guin&eacute; R P F1, Sousa R2, Alves A2, Teixeira L2, Figueiredo C2, Fonseca S2, Soares S2, Sousa I2, Almeida P2, Correia A C2, Jord&atilde;o A M1, Lopes A D3, Ferreira D1&nbsp;(1. CI &amp; DETS, Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico de Viseu, ESAV, Portugal;2. Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico de Viseu, ESAV, Portugal; 3. Direc&ccedil;&atilde;o Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Centro, DSAP, DPAP, Viseu, Portugal)&nbsp;Abstract: In the present work apples from eleven regional varieties originating from Portugal were studied in terms of their content in phenolic compounds and dietetic fibres (soluble and insoluble). &nbsp;In some cases, apples from two different production modes were analysed: conventional and biological. &nbsp;Some of the most commercialized apples in Portugal were also studied for comparison purposes. &nbsp;In addition, a sensorial evaluation of some of the varieties was performed.&nbsp; From the present work it was possible to conclude that the regional varieties studied contain higher amounts of dietetic fibre than those of commercial varieties and other fruits.&nbsp; With respect to the content in total phenolic compounds, the apples of regional varieties showed values clearly higher than those quantified in commercial varieties, and being concentrated mainly on the peel, then on the seeds, and finally on the pulp.&nbsp; From the sensorial analyses was possible to infer that the regional varieties which were more appreciated were Bravo de Esmolfe and Camoesa de Alcongosta.&nbsp;Keywords: apple, conventional production, biological production, soluble fibre, insoluble fibre, polyphenols, sensorial analysis, portugal&nbsp;Citation: Guin&eacute; R P F, Sousa R, Alves A, Teixeira L, Figueiredo C, Fonseca S, Soares S, Sousa I, Almeida P, Correia A C, Jord&atilde;o A M, Lopes A D, Ferreira D. &nbsp;Phenolic, dietetic fibre and sensorial analyses of apples from regional vareties produced in conventional and biological mode. &nbsp;Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 2010, 12(2): 70-78.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp

Quais são os fatores de risco para readmissão em pacientes com ileostomia?

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores de risco para readmissão em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia colorretal. MÉTODOS: um banco de dados de avaliação da qualidade colorretal em um único centro foi consultado para pacientes submetidos à procedimentos colorretais com ileostomia em 2009. A amostra foi dividida em readmitidos versus não readmitidos. A readmissão foi definida como a admissão dentro dos primeiros 30 dias após o procedimento índice. os grupos foram comparados em relação à características pré, intra e pós-operatórias. A análise multivariada foi realizada para identificar os fatores de risco para readmissão. RESULTADOS: a consulta identificou 496 pacientes, [267 (54%) do sexo masculino, idade média de 48 anos (VIQ: 34 -60)]. oitenta e três (17%) foram readmitidos; 296 pacientes (60%) foram operados por doença inflamatória intestinal, 89 (18%) por câncer, 16 (3%) por doença diverticular e 95 (19%) devido a outro diagnóstico. os três procedimentos mais comuns foram proctocolectomia total com anastomose anal e bolsa ileal (IPAA) em 103 pacientes (21%), colectomia total com ileostomia final em 117 (24%) e ressecções do intestino delgado (incluindo a remoção de fístula enterocutânea e excisão da bolsa em J) em 149 (30%). As seguintes variáveis foram significativamente mais comuns em pacientes readmitidos: tabagismo atual (24 % vs. 14%, p = 0,02), TVP/EP pós-operatório (10% vs. 4 %, p = 0,04), infecção da ferida cirúrgica (20 % vs. 10% p = 0,01), sepse (22% vs. 8%, p < 0,001) e infecção de órgão/espaço do sítio cirúrgico (IOSC) (35 % vs. 5%, p < 0,001). A infecção do IOSC pós-operatório foi o único fator independente associado com a readmissão na análise multivariada (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: os cirurgiões colorretais devem estar alertas para IOSC diante de um paciente com ileostomia readmitido após um procedimento colorretal.PURPOSE: the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for readmission among patients submitted to colorectal surgery. METHODS: a single-center colorectal quality-assessment database was queried for patients undergoing colorectal procedures with ileostomy during 2009. The sample was divided into readmitted vs. non-readmitted. Readmission was defined as admission within the first 30 days after the index procedure. Groups were compared by pre, intra and postoperative characteristics. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for readmission. RESULTS: the query returned 496 patients, [267 (54%) males, median age 48 years (IQR: 34-60)]. Eighty-three (17%) were readmitted; 296 patients (60%), were operated due to inflammatory bowel disease, 89 (18%) for cancer, 16 (3%) for diverticular disease and 95 (19%) for other diagnosis. The three most common procedures were total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in 103 patients (21%), total colectomy with end ileostomy in 117 (24%) and small bowel resections (including enterocutaneous fistula takedown and J-pouch excision) in 149 (30%). The following variables were significantly more common in readmitted patients: current smoking (24% vs. 14%, p = 0.02), postoperative DVT/PE (10% vs. 4%, p = 0.04), wound infection (20% vs. 10% p = 0.01), sepsis (22% vs. 8% p < 0.001) and organ or space surgical site infection (OrgSSI) (35% vs. 5%, p < 0.001). Postoperative OrgSSI was the only independent factor associated with readmission in a multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: colorectal surgeons should be alert for OrgSSI when facing an ileostomy patient readmitted after a colorectal procedure