Estatuto da criança e do adolescente na justiça da infância e juventude de Porto Alegre: análise sociológica dos processos de destituição do pátrio poder

Este trabalho analisa os reflexos da implementação da lei 8069/90 – Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente na Justiça da Infância e Juventude de Porto Alegre – JIJ/PoA. Discute, de forma especial, as questões sociais e políticas implicadas na garantia do direito à convivência familiar e comunitária através dos processos judiciais de destituição do pátrio poder, os quais são vistos como expressão do limite na garantia do referido direito, diante da condição de pobreza e miséria das famílias nestes processos. A pesquisa mostrou que a aplicação do ECA na Justiça da Infância e Juventude é mais viável e eficaz em seus aspectos organizacionais, expressando mudanças de caráter formal e normativo. De outro lado, a comparação entre processos de destituição do pátrio poder anteriores e posteriores ao ECA, mostra a semelhança de conteúdo dos mesmos, sobretudo quanto à caracterização das famílias envolvidas e dos procedimento técnicos da JIJ em cada caso. Neste aspecto, portanto, a lei mostra-se de difícil aplicação pela JIJ, configurando um entrave para as efetivas mudanças que enseja. Os casos estudados materializam conflitos de direito cuja superação esbarra em problemas estruturais acerca das funções do Estado em relação às políticas sociais.The purpose of this study is to analyze the consequences of the implementation of the 8069/90 law – “Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente” (a children Bill of Rights) in the “Justiça da Infância e da Juventude” (Court of the childhood and youth) from Porto Alegre – JIJ/PoA. It deals with the social and political matters implied in the assurance of the right to a family and community lives through the lawsuits of parental rule deprivation, which are seen as an expression of the limit in the guarantee of the that right, taking into consideration the poor material conditions of the families in these lawsuits. The research carried on demonstrated that the application of the ECA (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente) to the “Justiça da Infância e da Juventude” is viable and effective in its organizational aspects, expressing changes of formal and normative character. By contrast, if one takes lawsuits of the parental rule deprivation which took place before and after the ECA, it demonstrates the similarity of their content, above all in those which concern the characterization of the families involved and the technical procedures of the JIJ in each particular case. On this aspect the law is, accordingly to the principles of the JIJ, of difficult application, representing an obstacle to the effective changes it supposes. The cases analyzed bring to legal conflicts whose solution has been delayed by the structural problems concerning the functions of the government in relation to social policies

Qualidade de vida de cuidadores de indivíduos com acidente vascular encefálico: associação com características e sobrecarga

OBJETIVO Averiguar a associação entre a qualidade de vida com as características sociodemográficas e a sobrecarga de cuidadores de indivíduos com sequela de acidente vascular encefálico. MÉTODO Pesquisa descritiva, transversal cuja amostra foi composta por 136 cuidadores. Para a coleta dos dados, aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado e as escalas de Barthel, Burden Interview e Short-Form-36. Para a análise, foram aplicados o teste de correlação e o teste t de Student e F para comparar as médias. RESULTADOS Demonstraram médias significativas na associação da qualidade de vida com os cuidadores do sexo feminino e maiores de 60 anos no domínio 'capacidade funcional', e os com maior renda, nos domínios 'saúde mental' e 'vitalidade'. Na associação com a sobrecarga, foram os domínios 'capacidade funcional', 'aspectos físicos', 'aspectos emocionais' e 'dor'. CONCLUSÃO É preciso criar políticas públicas e suporte social que sejam efetivos para reduzir a sobrecarga dos cuidadores.OBJETIVO Verificar la asociación entre la calidad de vida con las características sociodemográficas y la sobrecarga de cuidadores de individuos con secuela de accidente vascular encefálico. MÉTODO Investigación descriptiva, transversal, cuya muestra estuvo compuesta de 136 cuidadores. Para la recolección de los datos, se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado y las escalas de Barthel, Burden Interview y Short-Form-36. Para el análisis, se aplicaron la prueba de correlación y la prueba t de Student y F para comparar los promedios. RESULTADOS Demostraron promedios significativos en la asociación de la calidad de vida con los cuidadores del sexo femenino y mayores que 60 años en el dominio 'capacidad funcional', y los con mayor renta, en los dominios 'salud mental' y 'vitalidad'. En la asociación con la sobrecarga, fueron los dominios 'capacidad funcional', 'aspectos físicos', 'aspectos emocionales' y 'dolor'. CONCLUSIÓN Es preciso crear políticas públicas y soporte social que sean efectivos para reducir la sobrecarga de los cuidadores.OBJECTIVE Investigating the association between quality of life with socio-demographic characteristics and the burden of caregivers for individuals with cerebrovascular accident sequelae. METHOD A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample composed of 136 caregivers. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire, the Barthel, Burden Interview and Short-Form-36 scales were used. Correlation analysis, t-Student test and F-test were used for the analysis in order to compare averages. RESULTS Significant averages in quality of life were demonstrated in association with female caregivers and those over 60 years in the field 'functional capacity,' and in the domains of 'mental health' and 'vitality' for those with higher income. Regarding burden association, the highlighted areas were 'functional capacity,' 'physical aspects,' 'emotional aspects' and 'pain.' CONCLUSION The creation of public policies and social support to effectively reduce the burden on caregivers is a necessity

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes. Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved

Pleistocene climate changes shaped the population structure of Partamona seridoensis (Apidae, Meliponini), an endemic stingless bee from the Neotropical dry forest.

Partamona seridoensis is an endemic stingless bee from the Caatinga, a Neotropical dry forest in northeastern Brazil. Like other stingless bees, this species plays an important ecological role as a pollinator. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic structure and evolutionary history of P. seridoensis across its current geographic range. Workers from 84 nests from 17 localities were analyzed for COI and Cytb genic regions. The population structure tests (Bayesian phylogenetic inference, AMOVA and haplotype network) consistently characterized two haplogroups (northwestern and eastern), with little gene flow between them, generating a high differentiation between them as well as among the populations within each haplogroup. The Mantel test revealed no isolation by distance. No evidence of a potential geographic barrier in the present that could explain the diversification between the P. seridoensis haplogroups was found. However, Pleistocene climatic changes may explain this differentiation, since the initial time for the P. seridoensis lineages diversification took place during the mid-Pleistocene, specifically the interglacial period, when the biota is presumed to have been more associated with dry conditions and had more restricted, fragmented geographical distribution. This event may have driven diversification by isolating the two haplogroups. Otherwise, the climatic changes in the late Pleistocene must not have drastically affected the population dynamics of P. seridoensis, since the Bayesian Skyline Plot did not reveal any substantial fluctuation in effective population size in either haplogroup. Considering its importance and the fact that it is an endemic bee from a very threatened Neotropical dry forest, the results herein could be useful to the development of conservation strategies for P. seridoensis