Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Welfare in pig housing-Brazilian and Portuguese legislation

Animal welfare is conditional on well-planned and well-managed exploitation, since the management of the animals strongly influences their behavior, their productivity and, consequently, the yield and quality of the final product. In this study, an investigative review was carried out of the literature, governmental databases and main institutions relating to animal welfare, seeking to highlight and discuss differences in legislation between Brazil and Portugal, in view of the interest and concern of the scientific community and the consumer market in relation to methods used for animal production. In Brazil, there is no specific legislation on the welfare of pigs and other related legislation is used as a basis. However, Portugal has more specific legislation on the subject. Considering the dissemination of knowledge and the growing concern with animal welfare in the European consumer market, it is noted that the need for its application standards that ensure animal welfare in production/breeding, possibly becoming a basic requirement in the coming years. However, Brazilian pig farms, like all other animal production activities, are still lacking specific legislation that is appropriate for Brazil, which ends up delaying the effective practice of welfare in productions, abstaining from the population of information about the activity. New studies are needed to ascertain the necessity and applicability of the legislation, and whether the legislation is effective in improving animal welfare or serves only to increase bureaucracy

FATORES QUE IMPACTAM A SAÚDE MENTAL E EMOCIONAL DOS PROFESSORES E ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO

The objective of this article is to investigate the factors that impact the mental and emotional health of teachers based on real evidence, as well as investigate coping strategies to minimize these impacts and propose recommendations for the implementation of practices and actions that promote a healthier work environment and support the mental and emotional health of teachers. Methodologically, the research is configured as a case study, with a qualitative approach and explanatory nature. To collect the data, a structured interview with 6 questions was used, which was carried out in November 2023 with a teacher working in a public school in the state of Mato Grosso. To analyze the data, content analysis was used as a method. As main results, it can be seen that there are numerous factors that impact the mental and emotional health of teachers, including: inappropriate student behavior, excessive workload, excessive demands and pressure for performance, lack of resources, lack of recognition and appreciation, low salaries, lack of support from the school and public policies, conflicting school environment, among others. However, there are also many strategies for coping with mental illness, such as taking care of your diet, practicing physical exercise, sleeping well, being monitored by a health professional, taking medication when recommended by a doctor, receiving support from school, taking friendships in the workplace and working as a team, among others.El objetivo de este artículo es investigar los factores que impactan la salud mental y emocional de los docentes con base en evidencia real, así como investigar estrategias de afrontamiento para minimizar estos impactos y proponer recomendaciones para la implementación de prácticas y acciones que promuevan un ambiente laboral más saludable. y apoyar la salud mental y emocional de los docentes. Metodológicamente, la investigación se configura como un estudio de caso, con enfoque cualitativo y carácter explicativo. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó una entrevista estructurada con 6 preguntas, realizada en noviembre de 2023 a una docente que trabaja en una escuela pública del estado de Mato Grosso. Para analizar los datos se utilizó como método el análisis de contenido. Como principales resultados se puede observar que existen numerosos factores que impactan en la salud mental y emocional de los docentes, entre ellos: comportamiento inadecuado de los estudiantes, excesiva carga de trabajo, excesiva exigencia y presión por el desempeño, falta de recursos, falta de reconocimiento y aprecio, baja salarios, falta de apoyo de la escuela y de las políticas públicas, ambiente escolar conflictivo, entre otros. Sin embargo, también existen muchas estrategias para afrontar la enfermedad mental, como cuidar la alimentación, practicar ejercicio físico, dormir bien, ser supervisado por un profesional de la salud, tomar medicamentos cuando lo recomiende un médico, recibir apoyo de la escuela, tomar amistades. en el ámbito laboral y el trabajo en equipo, entre otros.O objetivo deste artigo é investigar os fatores que impactam a saúde mental e emocional dos professores baseado em evidências reais, bem como investigar estratégias de enfrentamento para minimizar esses impactos e propor recomendações para a implementação de práticas e ações que promovam um ambiente de trabalho mais saudável e sustentem a saúde mental e emocional dos professores. Metodologicamente a pesquisa se configura como um estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter explicativo. Para coletar os dados utilizou-se uma entrevista estruturada com 6 perguntas, a qual foi realizada no mês de novembro de 2023, com uma professora atuante em uma escola pública do estado do estado do Mato Grosso. Para analisar os dados utilizou-se como método a análise de conteúdo. Como principais resultados pode-se evidenciar que inúmeros são os fatores que impactam na saúde mental e emocional dos professores, a citar: comportamentos inadequados dos estudantes, carga de trabalho excessiva, cobrança e pressão por desempenho em demasia, falta de recursos, falta de reconhecimento e valorização, baixos salários, falta de suporte por parte da escola e de políticas públicas, ambiente escolar conflituoso, entre outros. Entretanto, muitas também são as estratégias de enfrentamento ao adoecimento mental, como cuidados com a alimentação, prática de exercícios físicos, dormir bem, ter o acompanhamento com um profissional da saúde, tomar medicação quando indicado por um médico, receber o apoio da escola, fazer amizades no ambiente de trabalho e trabalhar em equipe, além de outros.O objetivo deste artigo é investigar os fatores que impactam a saúde mental e emocional dos professores baseado em evidências reais, bem como investigar estratégias de enfrentamento para minimizar esses impactos e propor recomendações para a implementação de práticas e ações que promovam um ambiente de trabalho mais saudável e sustentem a saúde mental e emocional dos professores. Metodologicamente a pesquisa se configura como um estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter explicativo. Para coletar os dados utilizou-se uma entrevista estruturada com 6 perguntas, na qual foi realizada no mês de novembro de 2023 com uma professora atuante em uma escola pública do estado do estado do Mato Grosso. Para analisar os dados utilizou-se como método a análise de conteúdo. Como principais resultados pode-se evidenciar que inúmeros são os fatores que impactam na saúde mental e emocional dos professores, a citar: comportamentos inadequados dos estudantes, carga de trabalho excessiva, cobrança e pressão por desempenho em demasia, falta de recursos, falta de reconhecimento e valorização, baixos salários, falta de suporte por parte da escola e de políticas públicas, ambiente escolar conflituoso, entre outros. Entretanto muitas também são as estratégias de enfrentamento ao adoecimento mental, como cuidados com a alimentação, prática de exercícios físicos, dormir bem, ter o acompanhamento com um profissional da saúde, tomar medicação quando indicado por um médico, receber o apoio da escola, fazer amizades no ambiente de trabalho e trabalhar em equipe, além de outros.