Las energías renovables: problema o solución

Es urgente cambiar nuestro modelo de desarrollo hacia modelos energéticos mas sostenibles que abandonen la producción de energía por medios que contribuyan al Cambio Climático. Este cambio de modelo energético es una necesidad tanto medioambiental como estratégica y social y debe hacerse a partir de políticas de ahorro y eficiencia energética y utilizando energías renovables. Esto exige otra forma de pensar y entender el consumo y en definitiva una nueva educación y cultura energética, donde la energía solar fotovoltaica debe tener un lugar destacado.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Multiple-plane image formation by Walsh zone plates

[EN] A radial Walsh filter is a phase binary diffractive optical element characterized by a set of concentric rings that take the phase values 0 or ¿, corresponding to the values + 1 or ¿1 of a given radial Walsh function. Therefore, a Walsh filter can be re-interpreted as an aperiodic multifocal zone plate, capable to produce images of multiple planes simultaneously in a single output plane of an image forming system. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time the focusing capabilities of these structures. Additionally, we report the first achievement of images of multiple-plane objects in a single image plane with these aperiodic diffractive lenses.Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and FEDER (DPI2015-71256-R); Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO II-2014-072); MayaNet - Erasmus Mundus Partnership 552061-EM-1-2014-1-IT-ERA MUNDUS-EMA21 (2014-0872/001-001).Machado-Olivares, FJ.; Ferrando Martín, V.; Gimenez Palomares, F.; Furlan, WD.; Monsoriu Serra, JA. (2018). Multiple-plane image formation by Walsh zone plates. Optics Express. 26(16):21210-21218. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.021210S2121021218261

Dimensions of transaction costs in bidding processes: the case of e-procurement for the acquisition of medicines from a federal public hospital

The use of e-procurement in the acquisition of medicines in public hospitals is a process that impacts all other activities and its reformulation must be constantly encouraged with the development of new techniques. Therefore, the objective of this work is to approach the dimensions of the transaction, under the aspects of the Transaction Costs Theory (TCT), in e-procurement processes for the acquisition of medicines in a Federal Public Hospital. It is exploratory research with a qualitative approach in the modality of a case study, with the application of interviews, observation in loco and documental research. The results pointed that the dimensions interact with each other and influence the results of the bidding processes of the e-procurement of the federal public hospital, generating impacts of oversizing of medicines forecasts and an excessive number of item cancellations, suggesting that a special demand in approaching this type of acquisition can minimize the influence of transaction costs and, consequently, reduce costs.A utilização de pregão eletrônico nas aquisições de medicamentos em hospitais públicos é um processo que impacta todas as demais atividades e sua reformulação deve ser constantemente estimulada com o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas. Logo, o trabalho tem por objetivo abordar as dimensões da transação, sob os aspectos da Teoria dos Custos de Transação (TCT), nos processos de pregão eletrônico para aquisição de medicamentos de um Hospital Público Federal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa na modalidade de um estudo de caso, com aplicação de entrevistas, observação in loco e pesquisa documental. Os resultados apontaram que as dimensões interagem entre si e influenciam os resultados dos processos licitatórios de pregão eletrônico do hospital público federal gerando impactos de superdimensionamento das previsões de medicamentos e excessivo número de cancelamentos de itens, sugerindo que uma demanda especial na abordagem desse tipo de aquisição pode minimizar a influência dos custos de transação e, consequentemente, reduzir custos

Influence of lipids and obesity on haemorheological parameters in patients with deep vein thrombosis

It is not well established whether haemorheological alterations constitute independent risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT).We have determined in 149 DVT patients and in 185 control subjects the body mass index (BMI), the haemorheological profile: blood viscosity (BV), plasma viscosity (PV), fibrinogen (Fg), erythrocyte aggregation (EA), erythrocyte deformability (ED) and plasma lipids. In the crude analysis BMI, Fg, PV, EA, triglycerides (TG) and ApoB were statistically higher and HDL cholesterol (HDL-Chol) statistically lower in DVT patients than in controls. No differences in BV and ED were observed.After BMI adjustment, Fg, PV and EA remained statistically higher in DVT cases than in controls (P=0.013; P=0.012; P=0.013; P=0.028, respectively). When the risk of DVT associated with these variables (using cut-offs that corresponded to the mean plus one SD of the control group) was estimated, EA>8.2 and PV>1.28 mPa.s were significantly associated with DVT even further adjustment for lipids and obesity (OR=2.78, P=0.004; OR=1.91, P=0.024, respectively). However, PV did not remain statistically significant after additional adjustment for Fg.When we consider together all the analyzed variables in order to control every variable for each other,TG>175 mg/dl (OR=3,2,P=0.004) and BMI>30 kg/m2 (OR=3.5, P=0.003), were also independently associated with a greater risk of DVT. Our results suggest that increased EA constitute an independent risk factor for DVT. However, when associated to hyperlipidaemia and obesity it further increases thrombotic [email protected]

Efficient passivated phthalocyanine-quantum dot solar cells

The power conversion efficiency of CdSe and CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cells is enhanced by passivation with asymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines. The introduction of the phthalocyanine dye increases the efficiency up to 45% for CdSe and 104% for CdS. The main mechanism causing this improvement is the quantum dot passivation. This study highlights the possibilities of a new generation of dyes designed to be directly linked to QDs instead of the TiO2 electrodes.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Generalitat Valenciana and the European FEDER funds (CTQ2011-26455, PROMETEO 2012/010, ACOMP/2013/024 and ISIC/2012/008)

Large-Size Star-Shaped Conjugated (Fused) Triphthalocyaninehexaazatriphenylene

Star-shaped triphthalocyaninehexaazatriphenylene 1 was synthesized via condensation between a new building block 1,2-diaminophthalocyanine and cyclohexanehexaone. Compound 1 represents the largest star-shaped phthalocyanine-fused hexaazatriphenylene reported so far. This largely expanded phthalocyanine shows good solubility and has a strong tendency to aggregate in both solution and on surface, indicating its potential as active component in organic electronic devices.This research was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Mineco) of Spain [CTQ2014-55798-R, CTQ2015-71936-REDT, CTQ2013-40480-R and “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0496)], Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2012/010), the Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) and by ERC StG 2012-306826 e-GAMES. A. C. acknowledges the Materials Science PhD program of UAB.Peer reviewe

The effect of orlistat on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia by oral fat loading test. A systematic review

Orlistat induces weight loss by blocking hydrolysis of triglyceride in the intestine, and has thereby been associated with favorable changes in postprandial triglycerides (ppTGL). Some epidemiological studies have identified ppTGL concentrations as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Oral fat loading test (OFLT) has been used for screening of elevated levels of ppTGL. The objective of the present systematic review is to present available data on the effects of orlistat on OFLT. We found 11 studies, seven of which studied the effect of a single dose of orlistat on OFLT in three healthy volunteers, one with obesity, two with type-2 diabetes and one with hyperlipidemic patients. The other four studied the effect of orlistat on OFLT, but after a previous period of time with daily treatment with orlistat: 1 healthy volunteer, 2 obese volunteers, and one patient with hyperlipidemia. Our systematic review suggests that orlistat can help to reduce postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in obese, dyslipemic and type-2 diabetic patients. Regarding free fatty acids, they could be reduced but not all the authors have found the same results. In relation to type-2 diabetic patients, we have found three studies with conflicting results on the immediate effect of orlistat on the postprandial GLP-1 response. In conclusion, orlistat can help to reduce postprandial plasmatic TGL, especially in patients with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia related to obesity, dyslipidemia or type-2 diabetes

Resultados do tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto e ânus no Hospital Español

Juan Tolosa: Practicante interno de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. Ayudante del Departamento Básico de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-1919-8320.-- Alexander Zahariev: Practicante interno de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. Ayudante del Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-0361-8303.-- Santiago Morandi: Practicante interno de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-4452-6237.-- Manuel Ferrando: Practicante interno de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-7356-5270.-- Fernando Bonilla: Prof. Agdo. Departamento Básico de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. Prof. Adj. Clínica Quirúrgica “B”, Hospital de Clínicas “Dr. Manuel Quintela”, Hospital Español. Montevideo, Uruguay. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-3258-6600La cirugía del cáncer de recto y ano se ha desarrollado considerablemente en las últimas décadas. En función de dichos avances, se ha observado una disminución en la morbimortalidad operatoria, así como también una mejoría en el pronóstico de estos pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio es exponer y analizar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de recto y ano en un servicio universitario. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes intervenidos por cáncer de recto y ano en el Hospital Español entre 2016 y 2020. Las variables registradas fueron: variables demográficas, clínico-oncológicas, relacionadas a la morbimortalidad operatoria y a la recidiva locorregional, y lasobrevida a 5 años. El procedimiento más realizado fue la resección anterior de recto (RAR) en 11 intervenciones (58%), mientras que las 8 restantes correspondieron a amputaciones abdominoperineales (AAP) (42%). Se diagnosticaron un total de 6 complicaciones intraoperatorias en 5 pacientes, siendo la perforación del tumor la más frecuente, y un total de 18 complicaciones postoperatorias en 11 pacientes, siendo la más frecuente la infección de la herida quirúrgica abdominal. La morbilidad operatoria mayor fue de 31,6% y la mortalidad operatoria a 90 días fue de 0%. La sobrevida global a 5 años fue de 63,2%. Los resultados quirúrgicos en la presente casuística fueron comparables con los de la bibliografía consultada. Destacamos la nula mortalidad a 90 días, con resultados oncológicos similares a los reportados en la literatura.Rectal and anus surgery have been developed considerably in the last decades. Based on these advancements, it has been observed a decrease in the surgical morbidity and mortality, as well as an improved prognosis of these patients. The aim of the present study is to expose and analyze the results of the anus and rectal surgical treatment in a university service. An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was performed of all of the intervened patients for rectum and anus cancer in the Hospital Español between 2016 and 2020. We recorded data about demographic, clinical-oncologic, related to the surgical morbidity and mortality, locoregional relapse and overall 5 year survival. The most performed procedure was the rectum anterior resection in 11 interventions (58%), while the 8 left corresponded to abdominoperinealresection (42%). There was a total of 6 intraoperative complications diagnosed in 5 patients, being the tumor perforation the most frequent one, and a total of 18 postoperative complications diagnosed in 11 patients, being the surgical wound infection the most frequent one. The serious surgical morbidity was 31,6%, while the surgical mortality rate at 90 days was 0%. Overall 5 year survival was 63,2%. The surgical results in the present study about the rectum and anal cancer were comparable with the results reported on the consulted bibliography. We highlight the null mortality within 90 days, with oncologic results similar to the ones reported in the literature.Acirurgia do câncerretal e analdesenvolveu-se consideravelmente nas últimas décadas. Com base nesses avanços, observou-se diminuição da morbimortalidade operatória, bem como melhora no prognóstico desses pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e analisar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto e anal em um serviço universitário. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo de todos os pacientes operados por câncer de reto e ânus no Hospital Espanhol entre 2016 e 2020. As variáveis registradas foram: variáveis demográficas, clínico-oncológicas, relacionadas à morbidade e mortalidade operatórias e recorrência locorregional e sobrevida em 5 anos. O procedimento mais realizado foi a ressecção anterior do reto (RAR) em 11 intervenções (58%) e as 8 restantes corresponderam a amputações abdominoperineais (AAP) (42%). Foram diagnosticadas 6 complicações intraoperatórias em 5 pacientes, sendo a perfuração tumoral a mais frequente, e um total de 18 complicações pós operatórias em 11 pacientes, sendo a infecção da ferida operatória abdominal a mais frequente. A morbidade operatória maior foi de 31,6% e a mortalidade operatória em 90 dias foi de 0%. A sobrevida global em 5 anos foi de 63,2%. Os resultados cirúrgicos da presente casuística foram comparáveis aos da bibliografia consultada. Destacamos a mortalidade nula em 90 dias, com resultados oncológicos semelhantes aos relatados na literatura

Anomalías en mecánica cuántica

El objetivo de este trabajo es construir un método simple y eficaz para la obtención de hamiltonianos autoadjuntos a partir de operadores simétricos y cerrados. <br /

Comparison between computed tomography and silicone-casting methods to determine gunshot cavities in ballistic soap

Current methods used in terminal ballistics to determine the volume of temporary cavities created by projectiles in soft tissue simulants (such as ballistic soap) usually involve silicone-casting to obtain the cavity moulds. However, these methods have important drawbacks including their little sensitivity and precision, besides the fact that they are destructive. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) might not only overcome those limitations but also offer useful tools for digitally reporting the scientific results. This work accomplished the 3D digital reconstruction of the cavities created by different projectiles in ballistic soap blocks. This way, the total volume of the cavities, the projectile penetration depths, and other measurements were determined, rendering better capabilities when compared to the current silicone method. All these features were achieved through the CT analysis and 3D Slicer imaging software. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the method can preserve the evidence by digitally obtaining, signing, and storing the infographic videos displaying the 3D-reconstructed cavities