19 research outputs found
Acute and Reproductive Effects of Align®, an Insecticide Containing Azadirachtin, on the Grape Berry Moth, Lobesia botrana
Azadirachtin, derived from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Sapindales: Meliaceae), seems promising for use in integrated pest management programs to control a variety of pest species. A commercial formulation of azadirachtin, Align®, has been evaluated against different developmental stages of the European grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana Denis and Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). When administered orally, Align reduced the fecundity and fertility of adults treated with 1, 5, and 10 mg litre-1. At the highest doses, fecundity and fertility were zero, but longevity was not affected. An LC50 of 231.5 mg litre-1 was obtained when Align was sprayed on eggs less than 1 day old. Hatching of all egg classes was significantly reduced, and this reduction was more pronounced for eggs less than 24 h old. LC50 values of 2.1 mg litre-1 for first instars and 18.7 mg litre-1 for third instars were obtained when Align was present in the diet. Larvae reared on a diet containing different concentrations of Align did not molt into adults at the highest concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2), and 50% molted at the lowest concentration (0.15). Phenotypic effects included inability to molt properly and deformities. The combination of acute toxicity and low, effective concentrations of Align observed in this study could lead to the inclusion of insecticides containing azadirachtin in integrated management programs against this pest
Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study
Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe
Presencia de dos especies raras de Anthribidae (Coleoptera) en la Península Ibérica
The presence of two rare species of Anthribidae in the Iberian Peninsula is confirmed with recent captures in La Rioja and the revision of specimens from the collections of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC, Madrid). Methods used for trapping are explained. Dissoleucas niveirostris (Fabricius, 1798) is recorded from La Rioja and Madrid provinces, while Platystomos albinus (Linnaeus, 1758) is recorded from the provinces of La Rioja, Barcelona, Huesca, Cantabria and Navarra. Both species are linked to deciduous-leaved trees in Euro-Siberian environments.Se confirma la presencia de dos raras especies de Anthribidae en la Península Ibérica mediante capturas recientes en La Rioja y la revisión de ejemplares de las colecciones del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC, Madrid). Se explican los métodos utilizados para su captura. Dissoleucas niveirostris (Fabricius, 1798) se cita en las provincias de La Rioja y Madrid, mientras que Platystomos albinus (Linnaeus, 1758) se cita en las provincias de La Rioja, Barcelona, Huesca, Cantabria y Navarra. Ambas especies están ligadas a caducifolios en ambientes eurosiberianos
Tablas de vida y parámetros poblacionales de "Trichogramma cacoeciae" y "T. Brassicae" (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) sobre "Lobesia botrana" (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): efecto de la alimentación
Se han construido las tablas de vida para una población autóctona
de Trichogramma cacoeciae y otra, comercial, de T. brassicae utilizando
como huésped a Lobesia botrana. Asimismo, se ha estudiado el efecto que
la presencia de alimento (miel) tiene sobre los parámetros biológicos más
relevantes de ambas poblaciones y sus tasas intrínsecas de crecimiento (rm).
La alimentación tuvo efecto claro sobre la longevidad, fecundidad total
por hembra, emergencia y tiempo de desarrollo de T. cacoeciae. En T. brassicae,
sólo la longevidad se vio afectada significativamente por el alimento.
En especies con un idéntico estatus alimenticio, T. cacoeciae fue la que
mostró los valores más deseables para dichos parámetros, exceptuando el
tiempo de desarrollo. Trichogramma cacoeciae presentó también parámetros
poblacionales superiores a los de T. brassicae, lo que se tradujo en una
rm superior tanto en el caso de individuos alimentados como en el de no
alimentados.Food had a clear effect on longevity, total fecundity per female, emergence
and development period of T. cacoeciae proving that fed individuals
attained better values for these parameters. Regarding T. brassicae, only
longevity was significantly affected by food. For species with identical food
status, T. cacoeciae showed the best values, except for development period.
Trichogramma cacoeciae also showed better population parameters than T.
brassicae, resulting in higher rm values both for fed individuals and food
deprived ones
Preferencia del parasitoide "Trichogramma cacoeciae" (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) por huevos de diferentes huéspedes
Se ha evaluado la preferencia de Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal por cuatro huéspedes (Lobesia botrana Den. y Schiff., Ephestia khueniella Zeller, Spodoptera exigua Hübner y Plodia interpunctella Hübner), por medio de ensayos de no elección, elección por parejas y elección múltiple. Se han utilizado como indicadores de preferencia el número de individuos adultos producidos (absoluto o en porcentaje) y la proporción sexual de la progenie producida. Trichogramma cacoeciae parasito y se desarrolló en los 4 huéspedes. Por lo general, E. kuehniella fue la especie más parasitada. Por el contrario, la especie menos atacada fue S. exigua. La proporción sexual permaneció inalterada en todos los casos, por lo que resulto ineficaz para evaluar la preferencia.The preference of Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal for four hosts (Lobesia botrana Den. y Schiff., Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Spodoptera exigua Hübner and Plodia interpunctella Hübner) was evaluated using no choice, paired-choice and multiple choice assays. The number of adults produced (in absolute or percentage terms) and the sex proportion of said progeny were used to measure preference. T. cacoeciae parasitized and developed in all four hosts. In general, E. kuehniella was the most parasitized species. On the contrary, S. exigua was the least attacked species. Sex ratio remained the same in all cases, thus rendering it useless as a measure of preference
Weight-Loss Diet Alone or Combined with Progressive Resistance Training Induces Changes in Association between the Cardiometabolic Risk Profile and Abdominal Fat Depots
Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database
Background: The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results: Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiogenic shock were their most common risk factors for ARDS. Hospital mortality was higher in immunocompromised than in immunocompetent patients (52.4% vs 36.2%; p < 0.0001), despite similar severity of ARDS. Decisions regarding limiting life-sustaining measures were significantly more frequent in immunocompromised patients (27.1% vs 18.6%; p < 0.0001). Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment was higher in immunocompromised patients (20.9% vs 15.9%; p = 0.0048), and immunodeficiency remained independently associated with the use of NIV after adjustment for confounders. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated with NIV were intubated, and their mortality was not different from that of the patients invasively ventilated ab initio. Conclusions: Immunosuppression is frequent in patients with ARDS, and infections are the main risk factors for ARDS in these immunocompromised patients. Their management differs from that of immunocompetent patients, particularly the greater use of NIV as first-line ventilation strategy. Compared with immunocompetent subjects, they have higher mortality regardless of ARDS severity as well as a higher frequency of limitation of life-sustaining measures. Nonetheless, nearly half of these patients survive to hospital discharge. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073. Registered on 12 December 2013
Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies
Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies.
Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality.
Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001).
Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status