Object-Based Greenhouse Mapping Using Very High Resolution Satellite Data and Landsat 8 Time Series

Greenhouse mapping through remote sensing has received extensive attention over the last decades. In this article, the innovative goal relies on mapping greenhouses through the combined use of very high resolution satellite data (WorldView-2) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) time series within a context of an object-based image analysis (OBIA) and decision tree classification. Thus, WorldView-2 was mainly used to segment the study area focusing on individual greenhouses. Basic spectral information, spectral and vegetation indices, textural features, seasonal statistics and a spectral metric (Moment Distance Index, MDI) derived from Landsat 8 time series and/or WorldView-2 imagery were computed on previously segmented image objects. In order to test its temporal stability, the same approach was applied for two different years, 2014 and 2015. In both years, MDI was pointed out as the most important feature to detect greenhouses. Moreover, the threshold value of this spectral metric turned to be extremely stable for both Landsat 8 and WorldView-2 imagery. A simple decision tree always using the same threshold values for features from Landsat 8 time series and WorldView-2 was finally proposed. Overall accuracies of 93.0% and 93.3% and kappa coefficients of 0.856 and 0.861 were attained for 2014 and 2015 datasets, respectively

An Empirical Analysis of the Mexican Term Structure of Interest Rates.

We study the dynamics of the term-structure of interest rates in Mexico. Specifically, we investigate time variation in bond risk premia and the common factors that have influenced the behavior of the yield curve. We find that term-premia in government bonds appear to be time-varying. We then estimate a principal components model. We find that over 95% of the total variation in the yield curve can be explained by two factors. The first factor captures movements in the level of the yield curve, while the second one captures movements in the slope. Moreover, we find that the level factor is positively correlated with measures of long-term inflation expectations and that the slope factor is negatively correlated with the overnight interest rate.Term-Structure, Time-Varying Risk Premia, Principal Components

A Quantitative Assessment of Forest Cover Change in the Moulouya River Watershed (Morocco) by the Integration of a Subpixel-Based and Object-Based Analysis of Landsat Data

A quantitative assessment of forest cover change in the Moulouya River watershed (Morocco) was carried out by means of an innovative approach from atmospherically corrected reflectance Landsat images corresponding to 1984 (Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper) and 2013 (Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager). An object-based image analysis (OBIA) was undertaken to classify segmented objects as forested or non-forested within the 2013 Landsat orthomosaic. A Random Forest classifier was applied to a set of training data based on a features vector composed of different types of object features such as vegetation indices, mean spectral values and pixel-based fractional cover derived from probabilistic spectral mixture analysis). The very high spatial resolution image data of Google Earth 2013 were employed to train/validate the Random Forest classifier, ranking the NDVI vegetation index and the corresponding pixel-based percentages of photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil as the most statistically significant object features to extract forested and non-forested areas. Regarding classification accuracy, an overall accuracy of 92.34% was achieved. The previously developed classification scheme was applied to the 1984 Landsat data to extract the forest cover change between 1984 and 2013, showing a slight net increase of 5.3% (ca. 8800 ha) in forested areas for the whole region

“FUNCIONALIDAD FAMILIAR EN PACIENTES DE 30 A 50 AÑOS DE EDAD CON LUMBALGIA CRÓNICA EN LA UNIDAD DE MEDICINA FAMILIAR No 75 DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL”

La palabra lumbalgia se refiere a la manifestación clínica de dolor en la región lumbar. Este síntoma tiene etiología variada y no representa la manifestación específica de cierto factor causal. La lumbalgia es tal vez la forma más común de dolor axial, referido en la parte baja de la espalda a nivel de las vértebras lumbares. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) señala que el dolor de espalda baja no es una enfermedad ni una entidad diagnostica, sino que se trata del dolor de duración variable en un área de la anatomía, afectada de manera tan frecuente que se ha convertido en un paradigma de respuestas a estímulos externos e internos

PREVI Lima y la experiencia del tiempo

Compuesto por 26 proyectos, y a más de treinta años de su inicio, la experiencia del Proyecto Piloto 1 del PREVI1 en Lima, Perú, es materia de investigación por la valiosa complejidad de factores que intervienen: el collage de proyectos, la variedad tipológica, el carácter experimental de la propuesta y el tiempo que lleva sometida a diferentes intervenciones autogestionadas. EqA viajó a Lima a reconstruir el proceso de transformación de los proyectos realizados a partir de levantamientos de croquis sobre los planos originales, levantamientos fotográficos y entrevistas a las familias que los habitan. A partir del levantamiento de las viviendas actuales y el cruce con la historia familiar, se descubre el proceso que articula el proyecto profesional y el proyecto del habitante.Peer ReviewedAward-winnin

A detection method of intersections for determining overlapping using active vision

Sometimes, the presence of objects difficult the observation of other neighboring objects. This is because part of the surface of an object occludes partially the surface of another, increasing the complexitiy in the recognition process. Therefore, the information which is acquired from scene to describe the objects is often incomplete and depends a great deal on the view point of the observation. Thus, when any real scene is observed, the regions and the boundaries which delimit and dissociate objects from others are not perceived easily. In this paper, a method to discern objects from others, delimiting where the surface of each object begins and finishes is presented. Really, here, we look for detecting the overlapping and occlusion zones of two or more objects which interact among each other in a same scene. This is very useful, on the one hand, to distinguish some objects from others when the features like texture colour and geometric form are not sufficient to separate them with a segmentation process. On the other hand, it is also important to identify occluded zones without a previous knowledge of the type of objects which are wished to recognize. The proposed approach is based on the detection of occluded zones by means of structured light patterns projected on the object surfaces in a scene. These light patterns determine certain discontinuities of the beam projections when they hit against the surfaces becoming deformed themselves. So that, such discontinuities are taken like zones of boundary of occlusion candidate regions

Preoperative Biliary Drainage: Methods, Advantages, and Complications

Malignant biliary obstruction is very difficult to treat; only 10–20% of the patients are suitable for curative resections. Obstructive jaundice is associated with a pro-inflammatory state, altering the normal physiology and affecting multiple organ systems. So, patients with malignant obstructive jaundice are at increased risk of postoperative complications. Nevertheless, the preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) remains controversial, because the procedures themselves can be associated with septic and other complications. The main therapeutic options for PBD in malignant biliary obstruction are percutaneous biliary drainage and endoscopic biliary drainage. The knowledge of the approaches, their advantages, and complications are essential for the management of patients with pathologies that produce biliary obstruction such as bile duct cancer. The aim of this chapter is to review the methods for biliary drainage and its indications, advantages, and complications

On reducible non-Weierstrass semigroups

Weierstrass semigroups are well known along the literature. We present a new family of non- Weierstrass semigroups which can be written as an intersection of Weierstrass semigroups. In addition, we provide methods for computing non-Weierstrass semigroups with genus as large as desired.Funding information: Part of this paper was written during a visit of Fernando Torres to the Universidad de Cadiz (Spain) ; his visit was partially supported by Ayudas para Estancias Cortas de Investigadores (EST2018-R0, Programa de Fomento e Impulso de la Investigacion y la Transferencia en la Universidad de Cadiz) . Fernando Torres was partially supported by CNPq/Brazil (Grant 310623/2017-0) . Juan Ignacio Garcia-Garcia, Daniel Marin-Aragon, and Alberto Vigneron-Tenorio were partially supported by Junta de Andalucia research groups FQM-343 and FQM-366, and by the project MTM2017-84890-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE)

Estudio de pre-factibilidad para la elaboración de cápsulas vitamínicas en base a cereales andinos

Los usos de la quinua, kiwicha y cañihua son variados, siendo los más importantes para contrarrestar casos de anemia, desnutrición y cansancio mental. Por tal razón, se quiere dar a conocer las ventajas nutritivas y energizantes de los cereales andinos, dándole valor agregado a través de cápsulas vitamínicas (compuestas por los tres cereales). El mercado objetivo del proyecto va a ser la población de Lima Metropolitana, (niveles socioeconómicos B y C). El producto a presentar se compone de un frasco de cápsulas vitamínicas de quinua, kiwicha y cañihua de 500mg. Cada frasco contiene 150 cápsulas y el precio del producto va ser de S/.20 soles, distribuido a través de cadenas de farmacias. Cabe resaltar que las proyecciones de demanda confirman una tendencia creciente del consumo de productos vitamínicos en el Perú, siendo la participación del proyecto dentro del mercado interno del 1.0%. Con relación a la Planta, esta va estar ubicada en el distrito de Ate Vitarte, en Lima. El proceso productivo se compone de la recepción de la materia prima e insumos, selección de granos, procesamiento en máquina extrusora y molino de martillos para pasar a la mezcladora, obteniendo la base extruida que se ingresa a la máquina encapsuladora, obteniendo el producto final que va ser envasado en frascos de plástico. Para ello se necesita una planta de 216 metros cuadrados, basándose en una distribución de planta con flujo lineal. La inversión inicial del proyecto en activos fijos es de S/. 423,626.55 soles sin IGV. El capital de trabajo necesario es de S/.63,086.89 sin IGV. Para el financiamiento, se ha estructurado en 40% capital propio y 60% de deuda. El costo ponderado de capital antes de impuestos va ser del 24.58%. Finalmente, el Valor Actual Neto Financiero del proyecto es de S/.207,729.75 soles y la Tasa Interna de Retorno Financiero es de 40.74%, por lo que el proyecto es rentable.Tesi

Say what? : On the transmission of acoustic signals in a Neotropical green city

Cities do not only represent noisy systems, but also limit acoustic communication given the complex array of artificial structures through which signals can be trapped or obscured. In this study we performed a field experiment to evaluate the loss of energy of a standardized acoustic emission (generated with notes and a call of the Clay-colored Thrush - Turdus grayi). For this, we emitted the acoustic signal and recovered it at increasing radial distances from 26 fixed emission points (i.e., 10 m, 20 m, 40 m, 80 m, 120 m, 160 m) located across the city of Xalapa (Mexico). Our results show that the emitted signal was not recorded beyond 80 m from the emission point. The number and height of the assessed physical obstacles between the emitted signal and the receiving equipment showed to drive our main result, with built elements representing a major barrier than vegetation ones in terms of the recovered energy of the emitted signal. Interestingly, we found that, for both types of physical obstacles, a height of similar to 7 m was a common threshold influencing the recovered energy of the emitted signal.Peer reviewe