El grano y la criba de los tratamientos psicológicos

Se presentan las conclusiones de revisar la eficacia (así como la efectividad) terapéutica para los catorce trastornos psicológicos siguientes: Esquizofrenia, Drogadicción, Anorexia y Bulimia, Trastornos de Personalidad, Hipocondría, Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo, Disfunciones Sexuales, Ansiedad Generalizada, Fobias Específicas, Agorafobia, Trastorno de Pánico, Trastorno por Estrés Post-traumático, Depresión unipolar y Depresión bipolar. De cada uno de ellos, se ha podido decir qué tratamientos están bien establecidos, cuáles son probablemente eficaces y los que están en fase experimental. Ello ha supuesto, por tanto, un proceso de separación y clasificación (criba). Es de notar que, en la mayor parte de los trastornos revisados, se cuenta con algún tratamiento psicológico bien establecido, aún cuando también puede haberlo de tipo farmacológico. Conviene resaltar igualmente que se echan en falta numerosos tratamientos psicológicos ampliamente difundidos pero que no se han sometido a estudios de este tipo. Aun cuando el panorama reflejado invita al optimismo, los autores se muestran críticos, cuestionando tanto la concepción psicopatológica de los trastornos como la sobresimplificación y limitación del carácter de los tratamientos que se deriva de establecer correspondencias específicas entre un cuadro clínico pre-establecido y un procedimiento terapéutico específico

High-Resolution Drone-Acquired RGB Imagery to Estimate Spatial Grape Quality Variability

[EN] Remotesensing techniques can help reduce time and resources spent collecting samples of crops and analyzing quality variables. The main objective of this work was to demonstrate that it is possible to obtain information on the distribution of must quality variables from conventional photographs. Georeferenced berry samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory, and RGB images were taken using a low-cost drone from which an orthoimage was made. Transformation equations were calculated to obtain absolute reflectances for the different bands and to calculate 10 vegetation indices plus two new proposed indices. Correlations for the 12 indices with values for 15 must quality variables were calculated in terms of Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Significant correlations were obtained for 100-berries weight (0.77), malic acid (−0.67), alpha amino nitrogen (−0.59), phenolic maturation index (0.69), and the total polyphenol index (0.62), with 100-berries weight and the total polyphenol index obtaining the best results in the proposed RGB-based vegetation index 2 and RGB-based vegetation index 3. Our findings indicate that must variables important for the production of quality wines can be related to the RGB bands in conventional digital images, potentially improving and aiding management and increasing productivity.SIEducation Department of the Junta de Castilla y León-Spai

Smart Environmental Data Infrastructures: Bridging the Gap between Earth Sciences and Citizens

The monitoring and forecasting of environmental conditions is a task to which much effort and resources are devoted by the scientific community and relevant authorities. Representative examples arise in meteorology, oceanography, and environmental engineering. As a consequence, high volumes of data are generated, which include data generated by earth observation systems and different kinds of models. Specific data models, formats, vocabularies and data access infrastructures have been developed and are currently being used by the scientific community. Due to this, discovering, accessing and analyzing environmental datasets requires very specific skills, which is an important barrier for their reuse in many other application domains. This paper reviews earth science data representation and access standards and technologies, and identifies the main challenges to overcome in order to enable their integration in semantic open data infrastructures. This would allow non-scientific information technology practitioners to devise new end-user solutions for citizen problems in new application domainsThis research was co-funded by (i) the TRAFAIR project (2017-EU-IA-0167), co-financed by the Connecting Europe Facility of the European Union, (ii) the RADAR-ON-RAIA project (0461_RADAR_ON_RAIA_1_E) co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Iterreg V-A Spain-Portugal program (POCTEP) 2014-2020, and (iii) the Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional of the regional government of Galicia (Spain), through the support for research groups with growth potential (ED431B 2018/28)S

Regeneración de barrios como política pública, la experiencia chilena como primera aproximación en el sur-global

En Chile, desde el año 2006 las políticas urbano-habitacionales han dado un giro hacia lo cualitativo tras un poco más de dos décadas de producción masiva de viviendas, poniendo el foco en la calidad y en la integración social. En ese contexto nace el programa Quiero mi Barrio, una experiencia inédita de regeneración barrial que busca mejorar la calidad de vida de barrios que han sufrido el deterioro tanto físico-espacial como social, producto de la falta de inversión pública en ellos. Si bien es posible realizar un conjunto de lecturas positivas respecto a este programa, esta primera aproximación que se deriva de un trabajo de tesis doctoral en curso, propone que la regeneración barrial dese situarse en un análisis de tiempo largo de la política urbano-habitacional y por ello, debe situarse la experiencia de regeneración barrial en el estricto contexto de una política de corte neoliberal. Es por ello que se propone una breve lectura de la trayectoria de la política neoliberal en Chile, ello desde las nociones de dispositivo y referencial, para luego avanzar hacia una expresión radical de la experiencia de regeneración barrial: el caso del Plan Integral Iniciativa Legua, implementado desde el año 2011 en la Población La Legua, ubicada en la zona centro-sur del Área Metropolitana de Santiago

Even lower latency in IIoT: evaluation of QUIC in industrial IoT scenarios

In this paper we analyze the performance of QUIC as a transport alternative for Internet of Things (IoT) services based on the Message Queuing Telemetry Protocol (MQTT). QUIC is a novel protocol promoted by Google, and was originally conceived to tackle the limitations of the traditional Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), specifically aiming at the reduction of the latency caused by connection establishment. QUIC use in IoT environments is not widespread, and it is therefore interesting to characterize its performance when in over such scenarios. We used an emulation-based platform, where we integrated QUIC and MQTT (using GO-based implementations) and compared their combined performance with the that exhibited by the traditional TCP/TLS approach. We used Linux containers as end devices, and the ns-3 simulator to emulate different network technologies, such as WiFi, cellular, and satellite, and varying conditions. The results evince that QUIC is indeed an appropriate protocol to guarantee robust, secure, and low latency communications over IoT scenarios.The authors are grateful for the funding of the Industrial Doctorates Program from the University of Cantabria (Call 2020). This work has been partially supported by the Basque Government through the Elkartek program under the DIGITAL project (grant agreement number KK-2019/00095), and by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER) by means of the project FIERCE: Future Internet Enabled Resilient smart CitiEs (RTI2018-093475-AI00)

And QUIC meets IoT: performance assessment of MQTT over QUIC

We study the performance of the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT) over QUIC. QUIC has been recently proposed as a new transport protocol, and it is gaining relevance at a very fast pace, favored by the support of key players, such as Google. It overcomes some of the limitations of the more widespread alternative, TCP, especially regarding the overhead of connection establishment. However, its use for Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios is still under consideration. In this paper we integrate a GO-based implementation of the QUIC protocol with MQTT, and we compare the performance of this combination with that exhibited by the more traditional MQTT/TLS/TCP approach. We use Linux Containers and we emulate various wireless network technologies by means of the ns3 simulator. The results of an extensive measurement campaign, show that QUIC protocol can indeed yield good performances for typical IoT use cases.The authors are grateful for the funding of the Industrial Doctorates Program from the University of Cantabria (Call 2018). This work has been partially supported by the Basque Government through the Elkartek program under the DIGITAL project (Grant agreement no. KK-2019/00095), as well as by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER) by means of the project FIERCE: Future Internet Enabled Resilient smart CitiEs (RTI2018-093475-AI00)

Evaluación de errores en el posicionamiento con receptores GPS de doble frecuencia bajo cubierta arbolada de Pinus dadiata D.Don

El uso de receptores GPS en el ámbito forestal se ha generalizando y sus aplicaciones son muy variadas (localización de parcelas de inventario, guiado de maquinaria forestal, uso recreativo, etc.). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la precisión y exactitud del posicionamiento GPS bajo la cubierta de masas de Pinus radiata. Para ello se identificaron 12 puntos de muestreo en parcelas con 4 densidades diferentes (3 parcelas en cada nivel de densidad) y 1 punto en una zona despejada para poder comparar la influencia de la cobertura arbórea. En cada punto se hicieron observaciones estáticas por un período de una hora. Se determinaron las coordenadas X,Y,Z para cada segundo, se calcularon las exactitudes y se identificaron las distribuciones teóricas que mejor se ajustaban a los valores de exactitud obtenidos para cada tipo de masa. Del análisis de los resultados se pude deducir que: i) las variables dasométricas que más influyen en la exactitud planimétrica son el número de pies por ha (N) y el diámetro medio cuadrático (dg); ii) la probabilidad de que la exactitud planimétrica sea menor de 1 m y de que la exactitud altimétrica sea menor de 3 m es del 70%. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán planificar más adecuadamente las observaciones con receptores GPS en zonas arboladas.The use of GPS receivers in forestry has been widespread and this technology is used for location of inventory plots, guided forest machinery, recreational use and navigation, etc. The aim objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and positioning accuracy of dual-frequency GPS receivers under tree canopy of Pinus radiate stands. In order to compare the influence of tree canopy in the GPS positioning, 12 points were established in 4 stands with different densities (three plots of each density level). An additional point was located in a nearby area without trees. At each point, static observations were made for a period of one hour and the coordinates X,Y,Z were calculated for each second. Precisions, accuracies and theoretical distributions were identified for each type of stands. The stand variables related to horizontal accuracy were the number of trees per hectare (N), the Hart-Becking index (IH) and the quadratic mean diameter (dg). The probability that both the horizontal accuracy is less than 1 m and the vertical accuracy is less than 3 m is 70%. The results obtained will allow a more adequately planning of observations with GPS receivers in forest areas

Sigmoid: An auto-tuned load balancing algorithm for heterogeneous systems

A challenge that heterogeneous system programmers face is leveraging the performance of all the devices that integrate the system. This paper presents Sigmoid, a new load balancing algorithm that efficiently co-executes a single OpenCL data-parallel kernel on all the devices of heterogeneous systems. Sigmoid splits the workload proportionally to the capabilities of the devices, drastically reducing response time and energy consumption. It is designed around several features; it is dynamic, adaptive, guided and effortless, as it does not require the user to give any parameter, adapting to the behaviourof each kernel at runtime. To evaluate Sigmoid's performance, it has been implemented in Maat, a system abstraction library. Experimental results with different kernel types show that Sigmoid exhibits excellent performance, reaching a utilization of 90%, together with energy savings up to 20%, always reducing programming effort compared to OpenCL, and facilitating the portability to other heterogeneous machines.This work has been supported by the Spanish Science and Technology Commission under contract PID2019-105660RB-C22 and the European HiPEAC Network of Excellence

Field Spectroscopy: A Non-Destructive Technique for Estimating Water Status in Vineyards

Water status controls plant physiology and is key to managing vineyard grape quality and yield. Water status is usually estimated by leaf water potential (LWP), which is measured using a pressure chamber; however, this method is di cult, time-consuming, and error-prone. While traditional spectral methods based on leaf reflectance are faster and non-destructive, most are based on vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery (and so only take into account discrete bandwidths) and do not take full advantage of modern hyperspectral sensors that capture spectral reflectance for thousands of wavelengths. We used partial least squares regression (PLSR) to predict LWP from reflectance values (wavelength 350–2500 nm) captured with a field spectroradiometer. We first identified wavelength ranges that minimized regression error. We then tested several common data pre-processing methods to analyze the impact on PLSR prediction precision, finding that derivative pre-processing increased the determination coe cients of our models and reduced root mean squared error (RMSE). The models fitted with raw data obtained their best results at around 1450 nm, while the models with derivative pre-processed achieved their best estimates at 826 nm and 1520 nm.Education Department of the Junta de Castilla y León-Spai