NMR study on the stabilization and chiral discrimination of sulforaphane enantiomers and analogues by cyclodextrins

Sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical isolated from broccoli, is an important antitumoral compound with additional beneficial effect on other important diseases. However, the chemical instability of SFN has hampered its clinical use. In order to circumvent this problem, we report the first comparative study on the inclusion complexes of SFN and SFN homologues with different cyclodextrins by NMR spectroscopy. From this study it has been shown that α-CD is the most indicated cyclodextrin for the stabilization of SFN and SFN homologues, and that the highest affinity constant is that of the isothiocyanate obtained from the wasabi. Furthermore, the study of the inclusion complexes of α-CD and the non-natural SFN and analogues with S absolute configuration at sulfur shows for the first time that α-CD is able to discriminate between the two enantiomers, with the natural R enantiomers forming the inclusion complexes with higher affinity.Ministerio de Economía yCompetitividad (grants No. CTQ2016-78580-C2-1-R, and CTQ2016-78580-C2-2-R)Junta de Andalucía (P11-FQM-8046)EvgenPharm

Finite sample behavior of two step estimators in selection models

The problem of specification errors in sample selection models has received considerable attention both theoretically and empirically. However, very few is known about the finite sample behavior of two step estimators. In this paper we investigate by simulations both bias and finite sample distribution of these estimators when ignoring heteroskedasticity in the sample selection mechanism. It turns out that under conditions traditionally faced by practitioners, the misspecified parametric two step estimator (Heckman, 1979) performs better, in finite sample sizes, than the robust semiparametric one (Ahn and Powell, 1993). Moreover, under very general conditions, we show that the asymptotic bias of the parametric two step estimator is linear in the covariance between the sample selection and the participation equation.The first two authors wish to thank the Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior, research project PB96-C05-03 for its financial support. The third author acknowledges financial support from the DGICYT, research project PB94-0602

Critical analysis of audiovisual skills in High school students.

La alfabetización en medios resulta un aspecto clave de integración de los alumnos en los diferentes niveles educativos. Especialmente interesante resulta el estudio de estas capacidades en los jóvenes españoles de bachillerato, denominados “nativos” digitales por la naturaleza particular que han vivido como individuos nacidos en un entorno mediático y tecnológico. A través de técnicas de muestreo no probabilísticas se consiguen relevantes datos que permiten destacar, entre otros aspectos competenciales, el de la “pasividad” de estos jóvenes que se confiesan “autodidactas” en el terreno de Media Literacy.Media literacy is an outstanding issue of integration of students in different educational levels. It´s specially interesting the study of these skills in bachelor Spanish youth, who are being referred to as “digital natives” due to the particular nature as individuals who were born in a media environment. Through forms of non-probability sampling are achieved relevant data about, among other aspects, the “passivity” of these young people who confess “self-taught” in the field of Media Literacy training

Funcionamiento ejecutivo y motivación en tareas de cálculo y solución de problemas de niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH)

This study explores executive functioning and motivational variables that predict the performance of children with ADHD on numerical comprehension, calculation and problem-solving tasks. The participants in the research were 24 children with ADHD between 6 and 10 years old. The evaluation included tests of mathematical contents, verbal working memory, visuo-spatial working memory, attention and inhibition, as well as self-reports of attitude, anxiety, attributions toward mathematics and self-concept. The results of the regression analyses indicated that verbal and visuo-spatial working memory and inhibition predicted performance on numerical comprehension and calculation tasks. In addition, anxiety, attitude, causal attributions and self-concept play a significant role in predicting the majority of mathematical processes. Furthermore, the motivational variables predicted the mathematical processes to a greater degree than the executive functions did.En este estudio se exploran variables de funcionamiento ejecutivo y motivacionales que predicen el rendimiento de niños con TDAH en comprensión numérica, cálculo y solución de problemas. En la investigación participaron 24 niños con TDAH entre 6 y 10 años de edad. La evaluación incluyó una prueba de contenidos matemáticos, test de memoria de trabajo verbal, memoria de trabajo viso-espa- cial, atención e inhibición, y autoinformes de actitud, ansiedad y atribuciones hacia las matemáticas y autoconcepto. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión indicaron que la memoria de trabajo verbal y viso-espacial y la inhibición predicen el rendimiento en tareas de comprensión numérica y cálculo. Por otra parte, la ansiedad, la actitud, las atribuciones causales y el autoconcepto mostraron un papel signi- ficativo en la predicción de la mayoría de los procesos matemáticos. Además, en conjunto, las variables motivacionales predijeron los procesos matemáticos en mayor medida que las funciones ejecutivas

Comparative study of AR versus video tutorials for minor maintenance operations

[EN] Augmented Reality (AR) has become a mainstream technology in the development of solutions for repair and maintenance operations. Although most of the AR solutions are still limited to specific contexts in industry, some consumer electronics companies have started to offer pre-packaged AR solutions as alternative to video-based tutorials (VT) for minor maintenance operations. In this paper, we present a comparative study of the acquired knowledge and user perception achieved with AR and VT solutions in some maintenance tasks of IT equipment. The results indicate that both systems help users to acquire knowledge in various aspects of equipment maintenance. Although no statistically significant differences were found between AR and VT solutions, users scored higher on the AR version in all cases. Moreover, the users explicitly preferred the AR version when evaluating three different usability and satisfaction criteria. For the AR version, a strong and significant correlation was found between the satisfaction and the achieved knowledge. Since the AR solution achieved similar learning results with higher usability scores than the video-based tutorials, these results suggest that AR solutions are the most effective approach to substitute the typical paper-based instructions in consumer electronics.This work has been supported by Spanish MINECO and EU ERDF programs under grant RTI2018-098156-B-C55.Morillo, P.; García García, I.; Orduña, JM.; Fernández, M.; Juan, M. (2020). Comparative study of AR versus video tutorials for minor maintenance operations. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 79(11-12):7073-7100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08437-9S707371007911-12Ahn J, Williamson J, Gartrell M, Han R, Lv Q, Mishra S (2015) Supporting healthy grocery shopping via mobile augmented reality. 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Analysis of personal and family factors in the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of a prospective follow-up study in childhood

Objectives To study the course of ADHD during childhood and analyze possible personal and family predictor variables of the results. Method Sixty-one children with ADHD who were between 6 and 12 years old at the baseline assessment were evaluated 30 months later (mean age at baseline: 8.70 ± 1.97; mean age at follow-up: 10.98 ± 2.19). Status of ADHD in follow-up was identified as persistent (met DSM-IV-TR criteria according to parents’ and teachers’ ratings), contextually persistent (met ADHD criteria according to one informant, and there was functional impairment) and remitted ADHD (with subthreshold clinical symptomatology). Associated psychological disorders of the three groups were analyzed in the follow-up with the Conners' Rating Scales. The groups were compared on ADHD characteristics (symptoms of ADHD and impairment), child psychopathology, executive functioning (EF; inhibition, working memory) and parenting characteristics (parental stress and discipline styles) at baseline. Results At the follow-up, 55.7% of the children continued to meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD, 29.5% showed contextual persistence, and 14.8% presented remission of the disorder. The persistent and contextually persistent ADHD groups showed more associated psychological disorders. Inattention, oppositional problems, cognitive problems and impairment at baseline distinguished the remitted ADHD children from the persistent and contextually persistent ADHD children. Moreover, the persistent groups had significantly more emotional liability and higher parental stress than the group in remission, while no differences in EF where found among the groups. Conclusions ADHD children continue to present symptoms, as well as comorbid psychological problems, during adolescence and early adulthood. These findings confirm that persistence of ADHD is associated with child psychopathology, parental stress and impairment in childhood.MICINN (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain) EDU2009-0767

Psychological intervention for grief in caregivers of adults diagnosed with intellectual disabilities

The objective of this pilot study was to adapt and provide preliminary data of the efficacy of an intervention aimed at family caregivers of adults with intellectual disability to provide them with different coping resources to better cope with their role as caregivers, as well as to reduce the psychological overload and pain associated with the diagnosis. A total of 24 caregivers participated, of which 14 were assigned to an intervention group (IG) and 10 to a control group (CG) through simple randomization. Variables of overload, mental health and feelings of grief produced by the diagnosis were measured. Linear models for repeated measures were used to evaluate the effect of the program. After the intervention, significant differences (p< .5) were found in the dimensions of emotional pain, relational loss and acceptance of loss, and feelings of grief brought on by the diagnosis. In conclusion, it is necessary that this type of program be given early to these caregivers in order to avoid the pathological and chronic grief into which they frequently end up.El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y aportar datos preliminares de la eficacia de una intervención psicológica para cuidadores familiares de adultos con discapacidad intelectual, con el fin de proporcionarles recursos de afrontamiento para sobrellevar su rol de cuidador y reducir la sobrecarga psicológica y el dolor que conlleva el diagnóstico. Participaron 24 cuidadores, de los cuales 14 fueron asignados a un grupo intervención (GI) y 10 a un grupo control (GC) mediante una aleatorización simple. Se midieron variables de sobrecarga, salud mental y sentimientos de duelo derivados del diagnóstico. Se utilizaron modelos lineales de medidas repetidas para evaluar el efecto del programa. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p< 0,05) en las variables de dolor emocional, aceptación de la pérdida y en la experiencia actual del duelo, mostrando el GI una mejora tras la intervención. Como conclusión, es necesario que este tipo de programas se impartan de forma temprana en estos cuidadores con el fin de evitar el duelo patológico y crónico en el que terminan desembocando frecuentemente.This work has received a grant from the University Teaching Research Networks Program of the Institute of Educational Sciences of the University of Alicante (2021-22 call). Ref: 5537

Feeling of grief and loss in parental caregivers of adults diagnosed with intellectual disability

Background: The diagnosis of intellectual disability in children can produce complex grief‐related feelings in their parents. Previous studies have focused on the moment of the diagnosis or the early life of the children, and little research has been conducted on their feelings of grief in adulthood. The objective was to analyse the process of grief/loss in parents of adult offspring with intellectual disability. Method: The intentional sampling included sixteen parents who responded to semi‐structured interviews. A qualitative study was conducted based on grounded theory. Results: Five categories were identified: “Reception of the diagnosis”, “Emotional bonds with the child”, “Experience of loss and feelings in response to intellectual disability diagnosis”, “Recurrent grief” and “Coping strategies”. Conclusions: Recurring feelings of loss experienced by parents in relation to their child's diagnosis persist over time. Specialized emotional interventions are needed to help parents to reduce the intensity of their feelings of grief

Finite sample behavior of two step estimators in selection models

The problem of specification errors in sample selection models has received considerable attention both theoretically and empirically. However, very few is known about the finite sample behavior of two step estimators. In this paper we investigate by simulations both bias and finite sample distribution of these estimators when ignoring heteroskedasticity in the sample selection mechanism. It turns out that under conditions traditionally faced by practitioners, the misspecified parametric two step estimator (Heckman, 1979) performs better, in finite sample sizes, than the robust semiparametric one (Ahn and Powell, 1993). Moreover, under very general conditions, we show that the asymptotic bias of the parametric two step estimator is linear in the covariance between the sample selection and the participation equation.sample selection models, semiparametric models, finite sample analysis, misspecification error, heteroskedasticity, Heckman two step estimator