Procjena karijes rizika u djece

Karijes je usko povezan s razvojem dentalne medicine kao znanosti i kliničke discipline od njenih začetaka. Budući da karijes ima biološku podlogu, samim time posjeduje osobinu nepredvidivosti, kao što je to uvijek slučaj kada promatramo određene pojave u živom mediju. Pristup karijesu u kliničkoj praksi temelji se na odgovarajućem dijagnostičkom sustavu koji uključuje medicinsku i stomatološku anamnezu, kliničke znakove aktivnosti karijesne lezije te određene testove koji nam pomažu u pronalaženju pacijenta s visokim rizikom od nastanka karijesa. Nakon detaljne anamneze i pregleda, pristupa se individualnom planiranju liječenja koji se mora uskladiti s djetetovim godinama, zrelošću i kooperativnosti. Mnogo je napora uloženo u razvoj modela za predikciju karijesa. Kako doći do apsolutno točnog modela, još nije riješeno jer nas već spomenuta složena etiologija karijesa ograničava u tome. Cariogram je jedna od naprednijih metoda pomoću koje možemo odrediti nastanak karijesa. Ona uzima u obzir indikatore rizika i biokemijske faktore koji utječu na nastanak karijesa. Najvažnija zadaća je identificirati visoko ugrožene pacijente, liječiti ih, provesti pojačane preventivne mjere i promicati interes u održavanju dobrog oralnog zdravlja.Caries is closely linked to the development of dental medicine as a science and has been a clinical discipline from its early beginnings. Given that caries has a biological substrate, it consequently possesses an unpredictable characteristic, as is always the case when viewing particular events in a live medium. Access to caries in clinical practice is based on an appropriate diagnostic system that includes a medical and dental history, clinical signs of caries lesion activity and particular tests that aid in finding patients at high risk of caries. A thorough history and physical examination is followed by an individual planning of treatment, which must conform to the child's age, maturity and cooperativeness. Much effort has been invested in developing a model for predicting caries. The issue of obtaining a completely accurate model has not yet been resolved because the already mentioned complex etiology of dental caries poses some restrictions. The cariogram is one of the more advanced methods that allows us to determine the onset of caries. It takes into account risk indicators and biochemical factors that influence the onset of caries. The most important task is to identify highly vulnerable patients, treat them, implement enhanced preventive measures and promote interest in maintaining good oral health

Procjena karijes rizika u djece

Karijes je usko povezan s razvojem dentalne medicine kao znanosti i kliničke discipline od njenih začetaka. Budući da karijes ima biološku podlogu, samim time posjeduje osobinu nepredvidivosti, kao što je to uvijek slučaj kada promatramo određene pojave u živom mediju. Pristup karijesu u kliničkoj praksi temelji se na odgovarajućem dijagnostičkom sustavu koji uključuje medicinsku i stomatološku anamnezu, kliničke znakove aktivnosti karijesne lezije te određene testove koji nam pomažu u pronalaženju pacijenta s visokim rizikom od nastanka karijesa. Nakon detaljne anamneze i pregleda, pristupa se individualnom planiranju liječenja koji se mora uskladiti s djetetovim godinama, zrelošću i kooperativnosti. Mnogo je napora uloženo u razvoj modela za predikciju karijesa. Kako doći do apsolutno točnog modela, još nije riješeno jer nas već spomenuta složena etiologija karijesa ograničava u tome. Cariogram je jedna od naprednijih metoda pomoću koje možemo odrediti nastanak karijesa. Ona uzima u obzir indikatore rizika i biokemijske faktore koji utječu na nastanak karijesa. Najvažnija zadaća je identificirati visoko ugrožene pacijente, liječiti ih, provesti pojačane preventivne mjere i promicati interes u održavanju dobrog oralnog zdravlja.Caries is closely linked to the development of dental medicine as a science and has been a clinical discipline from its early beginnings. Given that caries has a biological substrate, it consequently possesses an unpredictable characteristic, as is always the case when viewing particular events in a live medium. Access to caries in clinical practice is based on an appropriate diagnostic system that includes a medical and dental history, clinical signs of caries lesion activity and particular tests that aid in finding patients at high risk of caries. A thorough history and physical examination is followed by an individual planning of treatment, which must conform to the child's age, maturity and cooperativeness. Much effort has been invested in developing a model for predicting caries. The issue of obtaining a completely accurate model has not yet been resolved because the already mentioned complex etiology of dental caries poses some restrictions. The cariogram is one of the more advanced methods that allows us to determine the onset of caries. It takes into account risk indicators and biochemical factors that influence the onset of caries. The most important task is to identify highly vulnerable patients, treat them, implement enhanced preventive measures and promote interest in maintaining good oral health

Holocene high floods on the Planina Polje, Classical Dinaric Karst, Slovenia

The Planina Polje is located in the northwestern part of Notranjsko Podolje, Slovenia. Annual floods cover the flattened floor of the polje at elevation 445 m a.s.l. and reach the depth of approximately 8 meters. Loamy sediments which were found on surface and subsurface features from the inflow part of Planina Polje up to the elevations of about 495 m a.s.l., indirectly show that floods in the past must have been much more extensive than the recent ones. Radiocarbon dating of flowstone layer from side passage Tiha Jama in Planina Cave revealed that the last such extreme floods appeared around 5,706 ± 49 BP. The time frame of the flood roughly corresponds with the Altithermal (8,000–5,000 BP). More humid mid-Holocene climate might be the main cause for the high floods on Planina Polje.Keywords: geomorphology, floods, radiocarbon dating (14C), Dinaric Karst, Planina Polje, Planina Cave

Alluvial Fans on Contact Karst: an Example from Matarsko Podolje, Slovenia.

Several types of contact karst are found within the Slovenian karst, but the most common is the ponor type, which usually appears between flysch and limestone. The most extensive contact of this type is in western Slovenia, in the area of Matarsko podolje, where a variety of typical contact karst depression features can be found. In the northwestern part of Matarsko podolje two types of alluvial fans occur. One alluvial fan has an active process of alluvial sedimentation on its surface and is distinct in shape, just like alluvial fans in fluvial geomorphic systems. The other type represents relict alluvial fans on contact karst. They are fan-shaped surface features in carbonate bedrock. Their formation is a result of the gradual removal of alluvial cover and the chemical denudation of carbonate bedrock on areas that were covered by alluvial fans. Geomorphological features and processes on alluvial fans, and the influences of alluvial fans on the development of contact karst have been investigated in detail

Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe : A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009-2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action "Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society" funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.Peer reviewe

Public services as fundamental rights of European citizens in times of crises

 USŁUGI UŻYTECZNOŚCI PUBLICZNEJ JAKO PRAWA PODSTAWOWE OBYWATELI UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ W DOBIE KRYZYSUAutorka analizuje problem z zakresu prawa Unii Europejskiej, który dotyczy przestrzegania praw podstawowych przysługujących obywatelom Unii Europejskiej w związku ze świadczeniem usług użyteczności publicznej. Obecnie, w dobie kryzysu, instytucje unijne są szczególnie zobowiązane, by w większym stopniu skupić swoją uwagę na prawach podstawowych oraz roli i znaczeniu systemu usług użyteczności dla ich poszanowania. Co więcej, usługi publiczne powinny być postrzegane jako jeden z fi larów, na których opiera się integracja europejska, wzmacniając legitymizację władzy w UE, podobnie jak ma to miejsce w państwach członkowskich, zgodnie z teorią, że rządzący są tylko pracownikami usług publicznych. USŁUGI UŻYTECZNOŚCI PUBLICZNEJ JAKO PRAWA PODSTAWOWE OBYWATELI UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ W DOBIE KRYZYSUAutorka analizuje problem z zakresu prawa Unii Europejskiej, który dotyczy przestrzegania praw podstawowych przysługujących obywatelom Unii Europejskiej w związku ze świadczeniem usług użyteczności publicznej. Obecnie, w dobie kryzysu, instytucje unijne są szczególnie zobowiązane, by w większym stopniu skupić swoją uwagę na prawach podstawowych oraz roli i znaczeniu systemu usług użyteczności dla ich poszanowania. Co więcej, usługi publiczne powinny być postrzegane jako jeden z fi larów, na których opiera się integracja europejska, wzmacniając legitymizację władzy w UE, podobnie jak ma to miejsce w państwach członkowskich, zgodnie z teorią, że rządzący są tylko pracownikami usług publicznych

Transparency and Monitoring of Public Procurement Contract Performance

This study analyzes the monitoring of public pro­curement contracts’ performance in six countries under EU public procurement rules: Finland, Portu­gal, Slovenia, Italy, Hungary, and Serbia. Through an in-depth comparative analysis, we explore the nexus between perceived corruption in these countries and the contract performance monitoring systems es­tablished or in the making. The analysis centers on four key aspects: the or­ganizational framework, the redress system, the IT infrastructure, and the level of data publicity in each country’s procurement landscape. Expert evalua­tions conducted by national specialists unveil which countries pay less attention to public contract per­formance monitoring and transparency.Our findings indicate that countries facing higher corruption rates tend to place greater emphasis on transparency and contract performance monitoring. Moreover, countries greatly differ in their organiza­tional setup, objectives, and monitoring tools, includ­ing IT adoption.The insights derived from this study can influence policy and reform efforts focused on the contract phase of public procurement, leading to a more accountable and efficient procurement landscape across Europe.</span

Reliktni vršaji kontaktnega krasa severozahodnega dela Matarskega podolja = Relict alluvial fans of northwest part of Matarsko podolje

Several types of contact karst are found within the Slovenian karst, but the most common isthe ponor type, which appears between flysch and limestone. The most extensive contact ofthis type is in western Slovenia, in the area of Matarsko podolje, where a variety of typicalcontact karst depression features can be found. Relict alluvial fans on contact karst are theresult of the gradual denudation of alluvial cover from flysch and chemical denudation ofcarbonate bedrock in the area of alluvial fans. Geomorphologic features and processes onalluvial fans, and the influences of alluvial fans on the development of local karst have beeninvestigated in detail

Reliktni vršaji kontaktnega krasa severozahodnega dela Matarskega podolja

Na slovenskem krasu je več različnih tipov kontaktnega krasa. Najpogostejši je ponorni tip kontaktnega krasa, ki se pojavlja med fliši in apnenci. Najdaljši kontakt te vrste v Sloveniji je na območju Matarskega podolja v zahodni Sloveniji, kjer se pojavljajo mnoge kraške globeli, ki so značilne za kontaktni kras. Reliktni vršaji so značilne oblike kontaktnega krasa, ki nastanejo s postopno denudacijo flišne naplavine in kemično denudacijo karbonatne podlage na območjih vršajev. V raziskavi so bile proučene oblike in procesi na vršajih ter vpliv vršajev na razvoj okoliškega krasa