Modernization of the underfloor copying wheel lathe for reprofiling of railroad wheelsets

V podjetju SŽ – Vleka in tehnika, d. o. o., Center Ljubljana, se ukvarjajo z vzdrževanjem vseh vrst železniških vozil, vleko vlakov in tehničnimi vagonskimi dejavnostmi. Vzdrževalna dela, opravljena na voznih površinah kolesnih dvojic različnih vrst železniških vozil, se izvajajo z uporabo podnivojske kopirne stružnice proizvajalca Hegenscheidt-MFD, tipa stroja 105 z letom izdelave 1979. Modernizacija obdelovalnega stroja bi izboljšala konkurenčnost z drugimi tujimi vzdrževalnimi podjetji na trgu. V magistrskem delu so za boljše razumevanje predstavljene tematike najprej opredeljene osnove na področju obdelave in vzdrževanja tekalnih profilov in sledilnih vencev kolesnih dvojic na tirnih vozilih. Nato je v prvem sklopu zaključnega dela analizirana podnivojska kopirna stružnica, uporabljena v obravnavanem podjetju. To vključuje opis sestavnih komponent, določitev tehničnih specifikacij stroja, predstavitev načina delovanja stroja, opredelitev poglavitnih pomanjkljivosti stroja ter navedbo vzrokov za neuspelo posodobitev in lastnosti izvedljive modernizacije obdelovalnega stroja. V drugem sklopu zaključnega dela je za obravnavano podjetje po izpolnitvi različnih pomembnih kriterijev in z najboljšimi tehničnimi specifikacijami izbran vodilni model podnivojske CNC-stružnice na trgu. V zaključku so primerjane tehnične specifikacije in način delovanja uporabljene podnivojske kopirne stružnice z izvedeno možno posodobitvijo in predlaganim novim modelom podnivojske CNC-stružnice. Na osnovi vseh pridobljenih podatkov je obravnavanemu podjetju predlagan najboljši potek ukrepanja na področju strategije konkurenčnosti vzdrževanja tirnih vozil.In the company SŽ - Vleka in tehnika d.o.o., Center Ljubljana, they deal with an array of railway services ranging from train traction and maintenance of the rolling stock to technical wagon activity. The maintenance work performed on the running surfaces of the wheel sets of various types of railway vehicles is carried out using an underfloor copying wheel lathe of the manufacturer Hegenscheidt-MFD, machine type 105, made in 1979. The desire to modernize the processing machine would improve competitiveness with other foreign maintenance companies present on the market. For a better understanding of the represented topics, the basics in the field of processing and maintenance of profiles and flanges of the wheel sets on rail vehicles are first described in the master\u27s thesis. And then, in the first part of the master\u27s thesis, the company\u27s underfloor copying wheel lathe is analyzed. It includes a description of the components, a determination of the technical specifications, the way the machine works, a definition of the main shortcomings, causes of the desired failed modernization and the characteristics of feasible modernization of the machine tool. In the second part of the final work, after fulfilling various important criteria and with the best technical specifications, the leading model of the underfloor wheel CNC lathe currently present on the market was selected for the company SŽ - Vleka in tehnika d.o.o., Center Ljubljana. In conclusion, the technical specifications and operation procedure are compared of the used underfloor copying wheel lathe with a possible modernization and a proposed new model of underfloor wheel CNC lathe. On the basis of all the obtained data, the best course of action is proposed to the company SŽ - Vleka in tehnika d.o.o., Center Ljubljana in the field of the strategy of competitiveness of rolling stock maintenance

Optimisation of the construction of dehydrator for fruits and vegetables

Sušenje sadja in zelenjave je eden najstarejših načinov konzerviranja, ki omogoča podaljševanje obstojnosti plodov. Postopek sušenja v sušilnicah predstavlja danes tehnološki proces, ki glede na stroge energetske zakone porablja preveč električne in toplotne energije. Problematika energetsko potratnega procesa sušenja sadja in zelenjave se rešuje s skonstruiranjem posebej za to pripravljenega in opremljenega energetsko varčnega prostora z energetsko varčnimi komponentami sušilnih komor. V diplomskem delu smo izvedli energetsko optimizacijo sušilnice z izgradnjo tipske sušilnice, ki ima modificiran toplotni sistem, in v kateri se lahko uporabljajo obnovljivi viri energije, ki jih nudi narava okolice, v katero je umeščeno podjetje Gazdinstvo Ratko Spasojević d. o. o.Drying fruits and vegetables is one of the oldest methods of preserving fruit makes it possible to prolong the durability of the fruits. Now, at the time of great use of cold storage facilities, it is the role of dried fruits and vegetables changed, as they became dried fruits and vegetables an integral part of healthy meals. The drying of fruits and vegetables in dryers represents today a technological process that still consumes too much according to strict energy laws electrical and thermal energy. The problem of the energy-consuming drying process fruits and vegetables, is solved by constructing a specially prepared and of an equipped energy-saving space in which energy-saving devices are used economical components of drying chambers. Because of the above, in the thesis, the energy optimization of the dehydrator with construction of a typical drying room, which has a modified heat system and in which it can be they use renewable energy sources provided by the nature of the surroundings in which Gazdinstvo Ratko

The relationship between self-esteem and friendship among elementary school students

Pozitivno sprejemanje samega sebe je ključno za obvladanje vsakodnevnih izzivov in negovanje zdravih odnosov, medtem ko prijateljstva zagotavljajo ključno podporo, sprejemanje in občutek pripadnosti. V magistrskem delu smo raziskovali povezavo med samopodobo in prijateljstvom pri osnovnošolcih. Zanimalo nas je, kakšna je povezava med samopodobo in številom prijateljev, kako se samopodoba spreminja glede na starost in glede na priljubljenost. V teoretičnem delu smo naredili pregled ugotovitev o mladostništvu, samopodobi in prijateljstvu, v empiričnem delu pa smo s kvantitativno metodologijo preučili povezavo med skupno samopodobo in številom vzajemnih prijatelstjev ter raziskali morebitne razlike med različnimi starostnimi skupinami. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 187 učencev petih in osmih razredov. Ugotovili smo, da obstaja kompleksna povezava med skupno samopodobo, številom vzajemnih prijateljstev in priljubljenostjo pri učencih. Učenci s pozitivnejšo skupno samopodobo imajo običajno več prijateljev, vendar skupna samopodoba z napredovanjem v višje razrede postaja bolj negativna. Število vzajemnih prijateljstev ostaja relativno stabilno glede na starost. Zaznana priljubljenost, tako s strani sošolcev kot posameznika samega, je povezana s pozitivnejšo skupno samopodobo, medtem ko je podcenjevanje lastne priljubljenosti IV negativno povezano s skupno samopodobo. Rezultati podpirajo pomen razvoja zdrave samopodobe in pozitivnih odnosov med vrstniki.Positive self-acceptance is crucial for managing daily challenges and fostering healthy relationships, while friendships provide essential support, acceptance, and a sense of belonging. In this master\u27s thesis, we investigated the connection between self-esteem and friendship among elementary school students. We were interested in the relationship between self-esteem and the number of friends, how self-esteem changes with age, and how it is influenced by perceived popularity. In the theoretical part, we focused on reviewing findings about adolescence, self-esteem, and friendship. In the empirical part, we used a quantitative methodology to examine the connection between overall self-esteem and the number of mutual friendships, while also investigating potential differences between different age groups. The study involved 187 fifth and eighth-grade students. We found that there is a complex relationship between overall self-esteem, the number of mutual friendships, and popularity among students. Students with more positive overall self-esteem tend to have more friends, but overall self-esteem tends to become less positive with progression to higher grades. The number of mutual friendships remains relatively stable with increasing age. Perceived popularity, both by peers and individuals themselves, is associated with more positive overall self-esteem, while underestimating one\u27s own popularity is negatively associated with overall self-esteem. These results support the importance of developing healthy self-esteem and positive relationships with peers

Communication and expression of concerns regarding patient safety

Uvod: Varnost pacientov je ključna za sodobno zdravstveno varstvo, saj se osredotoča na preprečevanje napak pri zdravstveni oskrbi ter nenehno izboljševanje skozi učenje iz napak. Ključna komponenta varnosti je učinkovita komunikacija, saj lahko slaba vodi do resnih posledic, medtem ko dobra izboljšuje razreševanje težav in kakovost oskrbe. Izražanje pomislekov zdravstvenih delavcev o tveganjih je pomembno za izboljšanje varnosti pacientov. Metode: V magistrskem delu smo izvedli kvantitativno raziskavo z uporabo anketiranja. Prilagodili smo in v slovenski jezik prevedli obstoječi vprašalnik Speaking Up about Patient Safety Questionnaire (SUPS-Q). Raziskava je zajemala medicinske sestre v splošni bolnišnici v severovzhodnem delu Slovenije. Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da velika večina zaposlenih v zdravstvu pogosto izraža pomisleke o varnosti pacientov. Povečanje komunikacije in odpravljanje ovir, kot je neučinkovitost izražanja mnenj, je ključno za izboljšanje varnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Visoka stopnja zavedanja in pripravljenosti zdravstvenih delavcev za ukrepanje v korist pacientov ter odprta komunikacija sta razvidni iz pogostega izražanja pomislekov, stalne pripravljenosti na opozarjanje ter rednega odkrivanja in izpostavljanja napak, vendar kljub dobrim praksam še vedno obstajajo neizkoriščene priložnosti za nadaljnje izboljšanje.Introduction: Patient safety is fundamental for modern healthcare, since it focuses on preventing errors and continuously improving through learning from mistakes. Effective communication is a crucial component of safety. Poor communication can lead to serious consequences, whereas good communication enhances problem solving and care quality. Expressing concerns about risks by healthcare workers is essential for improving patient safety. Methods: This thesis conducted a quantitative study using surveys. We adapted and translated the existing Speaking Up about Patient Safety Questionnaire (SUPS-Q) into Slovene. The study involved nurses in a general hospital in northeastern Slovenia. Results: The study revealed that the vast majority of healthcare workers frequently expresses concerns about patient safety. Enhancing communication and addressing barriers such as the ineffectiveness of expressing opinions are key to improving safety. Discussion and Conclusion: The high level of awareness and willingness among healthcare workers to act in the interest of patients and the presence of open communication are evident from frequent expression of concerns, constant readiness to raise issues and regular identification and reporting of errors. Despite good practices, there are still untapped opportunities for further improvement

Protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews evaluating the efficacy of digital health solutions in supporting adult cancer survivorship care

The growing number of people living with, through and beyond cancer poses a new challenge for sustainable survivorship care solutions. Digital health solutions which incorporate various information and communication technologies are reshaping healthcareoffering huge potential to facilitate health promotion, support healthcare efficiencies, improve access to healthcare and positively impact health outcomes. Digital health solutions include websites and mobile applications, health information technologies, telehealth solutions, wearable devices, AI-supported chatbots and other technologically assisted provision of health information, communication and services. The breadth and scope of digital health solutions necessitate a synthesis of evidence on their use in supportive care in cancer. This umbrella review will identify, synthesise, and compare systematic reviews which have evaluated the efficacy or effectiveness of digital solutions for adult cancer survivorship care with a particular focus on surveillance and management of physical effects, psychosocial effects, new cancer/ recurring cancers and supporting health promotion and disease prevention

Analysis of a survey on the possibilities of implementing distance learning at the Vocational college of the Kranj School Centre

Zaključno delo obravnava možnosti in izzive izvedbe študija na daljavo v višjem strokovnem izobraževanju, s poudarkom na programu informatika na Višji strokovni šoli Šolskega centra Kranj. Glavni cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri so študenti in predavatelji pripravljeni na izvajanje študija na daljavo, kakšna so njihova stališča ter katere pogoje in ovire zaznavajo pri tem procesu. Uporabljena je bila metoda kvantitativne raziskave z anketnima vprašalnikoma, namenjenima študentom in predavateljem. Zbrani podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo deskriptivne statistike in primerjalne interpretacije. Glavne ugotovitve raziskave kažejo visoko pripravljenost obeh skupin za vključitev v spletno izobraževanje, visoko oceno izkušenj in podporo za uvedbo hibridnega modela. Raziskava je razkrila tudi ključne izzive, kot so slabša interakcija, tehnična podpora ter omejena izvedljivost praktičnih vsebin. Na podlagi SWOT analize so bila oblikovana priporočila za izboljšanje organizacije, didaktike, tehnične podpore in pravnih okvirov. Zaključno delo prispeva k razumevanju digitalne preobrazbe izobraževanja ter podaja konkretne možnosti za nadaljnji razvoj študija na daljavo v višješolskem okolju.The thesis explores the possibilities and challenges of implementing distance learning in higher vocational education, focusing on the Informatics programme at the Higher Vocational College SC Kranj. The main goal of the research was to assess the readiness and attitudes of students and lecturers towards distance learning, as well as to identify the key conditions and obstacles affecting this implementation. A quantitative research method was used, including surveys for both students and lecturers. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and comparative interpretation. The main findings show high readiness and support for hybrid models and overall positive experiences with distance learning. The research also highlights major challenges, such as limited interaction, technical support, and difficulties with practical coursework. A SWOT analysis was conducted and followed by practical recommendations regarding organization, didactics, technical infrastructure, and legal frameworks. This thesis contributes to understanding the digital transformation of education and offers concrete development proposals for distance learning in higher vocational education

Entrepreneurship at the Advancement of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence

Raziskava GEM ponuja poglobljeno analizo različnih družbenih, kulturnih, političnih in ekonomskih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na podjetniško okolje in podjetniško aktivnost, ter predstavlja celovit okvir za razumevanje nacionalnih podjetniških razmer. Ti dejavniki imajo ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju podjetniških ambicij posameznikov in uspešnosti ustanavljanja ter delovanja podjetij. Raziskava s tem zagotavlja neprimerljiv vpogled v nacionalno podjetništvo in njegove značilnosti ter presega informacije, ki so na voljo v drugih statističnih virih. Raziskava namreč vključuje tudi odnos posameznikov in družbe do podjetništva ter želje in usposobljenost ljudi za podjetništvo, v vseh fazah podjetniškega procesa. S proučevanjem teh vidikov v različnih državah, GEM ugotavlja ključna gonila in ovire za podjetništvo, kar omogoča razvoj uspešnega podpornega ekosistema. Tokratna izdaja se med drugim osredotoča na digitalizacijo in umetno inteligenco ter njun vpliv na podjetništvo. Poudarek je na izzivih in priložnostih, ki jih prinašata digitalizacija in UI, ter na tem, kako lahko podjetja te trende izkoristijo za rast in razvoj.The GEM survey offers an in-depth analysis of the various social, cultural, political, and economic factors that impact the entrepreneurial landscape and activities, serving as a comprehensive framework for understanding national and entrepreneurial conditions. These factors play a crucial role in shaping individuals\u27 entrepreneurial decisions and the success of starting and operating businesses. Survey delivers unparalleled insights into a nation\u27s entrepreneurial characteristics, surpassing the information available from traditional statistical sources. The study also explores individuals\u27 and societies\u27 attitudes towards entrepreneurship, alongside the aspirations and qualifications of people at different entrepreneurial stages. By examining these aspects across countries, GEM identifies key drivers and obstacles for entrepreneurship, enabling a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Current edition focuses, among others, on digitalization and artificial intelligence and their impact on entrepreneurship. The emphasis is on the challenges and opportunities brought by digitalization and AI, as well as on how companies can leverage these trends for growth and development

A review on building blocks of decentralized artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the key technologies transforming our lives, while the transfer of knowledge and competencies from the academic sphere to the industry and real-world use cases are accelerating yearly. However, during that transition, several significant problems and questions need to be addressed for the field to develop ethically, such as digital privacy, ownership, and control. These are some of the reasons why the currently most popular approaches of artificial intelligence, i.e., centralized artificial intelligence (CEAI), are questionable, with other directions also being explored widely, such as decentralized artificial intelligence (DEAI), which aim to solve some of the most far-reaching problems. This paper aims to review and organize the knowledge in the field of DEAI, focusing solely on studies that fall within this category. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using six scientific databases and additional gray literature to analyze and present the findings of 71 identified studies. The paper’s primary focus is identifying the building blocks of DEAI solutions and networks, tackling the DEAI analysis from a bottom-up approach. Future research directions and open problems are presented and proposed at the end

An Example of a 3rd Grade Field Trip to the Mining District of Zagorje ob Savi

Ekskurzija kot oblika pouka izven učilnice omogoča neposredno in izkustveno učenje, kar prispeva k boljšemu razumevanju vsebine ter spodbuja raziskovalno in sodelovalno učenje. Namen magistrskega dela je bil načrtovati, izvesti in evalvirati ekskurzijo po rudarskem delu Zagorja ob Savi za učence 3. razreda osnovne šole ter pridobiti mnenja in stališča tretješolcev, ki so se ekskurzije udeležili. Mnenja in stališča učencev 3. razreda, ki smo jih pridobili s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika po opravljeni ekskurziji kažejo na to, da tretješolci dojemajo ekskurzijo kot pozitivno izkušnjo, saj so vsi učenci ekskurzijo ocenila kot zanimivo in poučno, pri čemer so izpostavili predvsem obisk Rudarskega muzeja, kjer so si lahko ogledali rudarsko opremo in se sprehodili skozi simulacijo rudnika. Njihovo mnenje je, da je takšna oblika pouka zanimivejša, so na njej bolj aktivni in z njo pridobijo kakovostnejše in dolgotrajnejše znanje.A field trip as a form of lessons outside the classroom allows direct and experiential learning, which contributes to better understanding of the content and stimulates inquiry-based and cooperative learning. The aim of the thesis was to plan, carry out, and evaluate a field trip around the mining district of Zagorje ob Savi for the pupils of 3rd grade of primary school, and to obtain the opinions of the 3rd grade pupils who participated. The opinions and views of the 3rd grade pupils, which we gathered through a survey after the field trip, show that the third-graders perceive the excursion as a positive experience, as all the students rated it as interesting and educational. They particularly highlighted the visit to the Mining Museum, where they were able to see mining equipment and walk through a mine simulation. Their opinion is that this type of lesson is more interesting, they are more active during it, and they gain higher-quality and longer-lasting knowledge from it

Viticultural Terminology in Jeruzalem

V magistrskem delu so predstavljeni izsledki raziskave, v kateri smo zbirali narečno vinogradniško terminologijo v Jeruzalemu. Delo je nastalo z namenom, da bi se dokumentiralo in ohranilo čim več narečnih izrazov. Na začetku predstavljamo geografski in zgodovinski oris Ljutomersko-Ormoških goric ter kraja Jeruzalem. Sledi narečna umestitev krajevnega govora v Jeruzalemu v prleško narečje panonske narečne skupine, natančneje v spodnjeprleški govor. Na kratko je opisano tudi vinogradništvo kot panoga in kot del življenja v regiji. Poglavitni del naloge predstavlja tematski slovar vinogradniške terminologije, kjer predstavljamo zbrano narečno besedje s področja vinogradništva, ki smo ga zbrali s pomočjo dveh informatorjev, pri čemer smo se oprli na vprašalnico vinogradniške terminologije in na njune pripovedi. Zbrali smo 207 različnih eno- in večbesednih leksemov, jih slovarsko uredili, njihov pomen obogatili s ponazarjalnim gradivom, ugotavljali njihov izvor in primerjali izpričanost v Slovarju slovenskega knjižnega jezika ter Pleteršnikovem slovarju. Ugotovili smo, da informatorji dobro poznajo narečno izrazje, tudi pripadniki srednje generacije. Večina zbranih leksemov je sicer izvorno slovanska, vendar je na besedje precej vplival nemški jezik, kar dokazuje kopica prevzetih besed germanskega izvora. Pri primerjavi s slovarji ugotavljamo, da tako SSKJ kot Pleteršnikov slovar beležita približno isto število narečnih izrazov.The master\u27s thesis presents the results of research in which we collected dialectal viticultural terminology in Jeruzalem. The thesis was written with the aim of documenting and preserving as many dialectal terms as possible. In the beginning, we present a geographical and historical outline of the Ljutomersko Ormoške Gorice region and the town of Jeruzalem. This is followed by the dialectal classification of the local speech of Jeruzalem in the Prlekija dialect of the Pannonian dialect group, more specifically in the Lower Prlekija dialect. Viticulture as an industry and as part of life in the region is also briefly described. The main part of the thesis is a thematic dictionary of viticultural terminology, in which we present the collected dialectal vocabulary in the field of viticulture, gathered with the help of two informants, relying on a questionnaire of viticultural terminology and their narratives. We collected 207 different single- and multi-word lexemes, arranged them in dictionary form, enriched their meanings with illustrative material, investigated their origins, and compared their occurrence in the Dictionary of Standard Slovene (SSKJ) and Pleteršnik\u27s Dictionary. We found that the informants had a good knowledge of the dialectal terminology, including members of the middle generation. Although most of the collected lexemes are originally Slavic, the vocabulary has been significantly influenced by the German language, as evidenced by several borrowed words of Germanic origin. When comparing the dictionaries, we find that both the SSKJ and the Pleteršnik dictionary record approximately the same number of dialect terms