Complex examination of the Upper Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks from southern Transdanubia, SW Hungary—Mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical study

A vertical section of Upper Paleozoic sandstones from southern Transdanubia (Mecsek-Villány area, Tisza mega-unit, Hungary) has been analyzed for major and trace elements, including rare earth elements (REEs). In addition, the clay mineralogy of the sandstone samples and the petrography and geochemistry of gneiss and granitoid clasts extracted from the associated conglomerates have been determined. Geochemistry of the sandstone samples analyzed in this study shows that these rocks were predominantly derived from a felsic continental source; nevertheless, compositions vary systematically up-section. The Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) Téseny Formation has higher SiO(2) and lower Na(2)O, CaO, Sr, high field strength element (HFSE), and ΣREE contents relative to the Permian strata. Its high K(2)O and Rb contents together with the presence of abundant illite-sericite suggest a potassium metasomatism in this formation. Clay mineralogy and large ion lithophile element (LILE) contents of the Lower Permian Korpád Formation vary spatially and are interpreted as local variations in composition of the source region and postdepositional conditions. Zr and Hf abundances and REE patterns, however, show that this formation was derived from mature upper continental crust. The Upper Permian Cserdi Formation has higher TiO(2), Th, U, Y, Cr, and heavy (H) REE contents, and higher Cr/Th and Cr/Zr ratios relative to the underlying formations. These trends can be explained by a sedimentary system dominated by highly weathered detritus derived from combined recycled-orogen, basement-uplift, and volcanic-arc provenance in the Téseny Formation, with an increased proportion of less weathered detritus derived from combined volcanic and basement-uplift provenances in the Permian formations. Characteristics of the Cserdi unit may reflect relatively proximal derivation from a felsic volcanic source

Untangling Source-To-Sink Geochemical Signals in a ~3.5 Ga Martian Lake: Sedimentology and Geochemistry of the Murray Formation

Sedimentary rocks are historical archives of planetary surface processes; their grains, textures, and chemistry integrate the effects of source terrains, paleoclimatic conditions, weathering and transport processes, authigenic mineral precipitation, and diagenesis, which records groundwater chemistry through time. Source to Sink basin analysis seeks to constrain the influence of each of these different signals through sedimentary and geochemical analyses. Here, we use Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover images and geochemical and mineralogical data from a traverse across a portion of the Murray formationthe lowermost unit exposed in the Gale crater central moundto begin to constrain the aspects of the source to sink system that formed this Martian mudstone between 3.7 and 3.2 Ga

The Stratigraphy of Central and Western Butte and the Greenheugh Pediment Contact

The Greenheugh pediment at the base of Aeolis Mons (Mt. Sharp), which may truncate units in the Murray formation and is capped by a thin sandstone unit, appears to represent a major shift in climate history within Gale crater. The pediment appears to be an erosional remnant of potentially a much more extensive feature. Curiositys traverse through the southern extent of Glen Torridon (south of Vera Rubin ridge) has brought the rover in contact with several new stratigraphic units that lie beneath the pediment. These strata were visited at two outcrop-forming buttes (Central and Western butte- both remnants of the retreating pediment) south of an orbitally defined boundary marking the transition from the Fractured Clay-bearing Unit (fCU) and the fractured Intermediate Unit (fIU). Here we present preliminary interpretations of the stratigraphy within Central and Western buttes and propose the Western butte cap rocks do not match the pediment capping unit

PERKEMBANGAN PABRIK GULA KETANEN TAHUN 1840-1930

The development of sugarcane plantations in Indonesia cannot be separated from the historical background ofimperialism, colonialism and western innovation. In essence, sugar cane plantations and sugar industrialization became acontinuation of western capitalism through the colonial economic system. The establishment of this sugar industry cannotbe separated from the full support of the government, thus giving birth to new sugarcane plantations and sugar factorieswhich are managed by foreign investors with large capital. The case study in this research is the Ketanen Sugar Factory.The Ketanen Sugar Factory is located in Kutorejo District, Mojokerto Regency. The dynamics that developed in the sugarindustry of the Ketanen Factory have had a long journey starting from the culturstelsel period to the dark ages of the sugarindustry during the 1930s economic depression. This study examines how the development of the Ketanen Sugar Factoryfrom 1840-1930. Therefore, this research has the following problem formulations: (1) What is the background of theestablishment of the Ketanen Sugar Factory in 1840-1930?; (2) How was the development of the Ketanen Sugar Factory in1840-1930? This study uses historical research methods which consist of four stages, namely heuristics, criticism,interpretation, and historiography. The sources used in this study are primary sources and secondary sources. The sourcesare obtained from archives, books, journals, online media, newspapers and magazines. The results of the study stated thatthe development of the Ketanen Sugar Factory provided new insights for sugar in Mojokerto Regency, SF. Ketanen madevarious efforts to achieve the production targets set by the government, including the production process using the bestsugarcane seeds, the use of production machines, the application of modern plantation technology. Until finally the changeof leadership and external factors caused the Ketanen Sugar Factory to go bankrupt.Keywords: Imperialism, Colonial System, Sugar factory, Sugarcan

The Role of Diagenesis at Vera Rubin Ridge in Gale Crater, Mars, and the Chemostratigraphy of the Murray Formation as Observed by the Chemcam Instrument

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover explored Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) in Gale crater, Mars, for almost 500 sols (Mars days) between arriving at the ridge on sol 1809 of the mission in September 2017 and leaving it on sol 2302 upon entering the Glen Torridon area south of the ridge. VRR is a topographic ridge on the central mound, Aeolis Mons (Mt. Sharp), in Gale crater that displays a strong hematite spectral signature from orbit. In-situ observations on the ridge led to the recognition that the ridge-forming rocks belong to the Murray formation, the lowermost exposed stratigraphic unit of the Mt. Sharp group, that was first encountered at the Pahrump Hills location. Including VRR rocks, the Murray formation, interpreted to be primarily deposited in an ancient lacustrine environment in Gale crater, is more than 300 m thick. VRR itself is composed of two stratigraphic members within the Murray formation, the Pettegrove Point member overlain by the Jura member. The Pettegrove Point member overlies the Blunts Point member of the Murray formation. Areas of gray coloration are observed in the Jura member predominantly, but also in the Pettegrove Point member. Generally, gray areas are found in local topographic depressions, but contacts between red and gray rocks crosscut stratigraphy. Additionally, cm-scale dark concretions with very high iron-content are commonly observed in gray rocks, typically surrounded by a lighttoned zone that is conversely depleted in iron. A key goal for the VRR campaign was to characterize geochemical variations in the ridge-forming rocks to investigate the role of primary and diagenetic controls on the geochemistry and morphology of VRR. Here, we present observations by the ChemCam instrument on VRR and compare these to the full Murray formation chemostratigraphy. This work was recently submitted to a special issue of JGRPlanets that detail the full VRR campaign

RANCANG BANGUN BATERAI GRAFIN

Baterai diperlukan untuk menyimpan energi listrik. Baterai melibatkan aliran elektron dari satu bahan ke bahan lainya, melalui sirkuit eksternal. Aliran elektron menghsilkan arus listrik yang dapat digunakan oleh alat elektronik. Tujuan dalam penulisan ini adalah merancang Baterai Grafin dapat dilihat dari siklus hidup dan potensial redoksnya, baterai grafin memiliki keuntungan pada keduanya dibandingkan dengan jenis baterai lain. Karakteristik dari baterai Grafin dipengaruhi oleh material katoda dan anoda yang digunakan. Baterai bekerja pada reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi elektrolit dengan logam. Ketika dua zat logam yang berbeda, yang disebut elektroda, ditempatkan dalam elektrolit yang diencerkan, reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi berlangsung di elektroda masing-masing tergantung pada afinitas elektron dari logam elektroda. Jika dua jenis logam yang berbeda direndam dalam larutan elektrolit yang sama, salah satunya akan mendapatkan elektron dan yang lain akan melepaskan elektron. Logam (atau senyawa logam) mana yang akan memperoleh elektron dan mana yang akan kehilangan elektron, bergantung pada afinitas elektron dari logam-logam tersebut. Logam dengan afinitas elektron rendah akan memperoleh elektron dari ion negatif larutan elektrolit

Proving Character and Fitness in Illinois Bar Admissions: An Introduction to the Substantive Requirements and the Applicable Procedures

Although every applicant for admission to the Illinois bar is required to demonstrate good moral character and general fitness to be licensed to practice law, few lawyers and would-be lawyers are familiar with what constitutes proof of character and fitness or the procedures by which such proof is to be made. This Article offers a general introduction to the procedural form and substantive elements of determinations of character and fitness under Illinois Supreme Court Rules. The subjects discussed are: the character and fitness process as a litigated proceeding; the relevant matters to be proved; the four levels of evidentiary review, and how the procedures at each level affect substance and the burden of proof; the formal Rule 9 hearing and the role of counsel appointed to present matters adverse to the applicant; posthearing matters, including review by the Illinois Supreme Court; and the special problem of considering disability when determining character and fitness. The Article concludes with a discussion of the 2000 decision, In re Krule, the Supreme Court’s last opinion on character and fitness

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KREDIT GADAI KCA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN SEWA MODAL DI PT PEGADAIAN CABANG WOLOWONA KABUPATEN ENDE

The problems that occur are what is the level of KCA pawning credit, how is the level of capital lease income and how much influence does KCA pawning credit give to capital lease income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch. This study aims to determine the level of KCA pawning credit at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch, the level of capital rental income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch, and the effect of KCA pawning credit on rental income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch. The method in this study uses simple linear regression analysis, t test, and the coefficient of reduction to determine the effect of KCA pawning credit on capital rental income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch, Ende district. The data sources are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the test results using simple linear analysis, t test, and determinant coefficient, it shows that the provision of mortgage loans has a significant effect on capital rental income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch, Ende district

La casaque rouge de l\u27infamie: le bagne de Toulon dans l\u27imaginaire littéraire et social français du XIXe siècle OR The Red Coat of Infamy: The Bagne of Toulon In the Nineteenth-Century French Literary and Social Imagination

Penology and literature have often been intertwined. Nowhere is this intersection richer than in the literature of nineteenth-century France, where a fascination with punishment and social control was evident in many different genres. When galleys became obsolete in the middle of the eighteenth century, galley slavery was replaced by a system of mostly terrestrial, semi-maritime penal servitude: penal labor for the new age. The first and most iconic of these institutions (called bagnes) was the Bagne of Toulon, a carceral setting that appears not only in classic novels by writers such as Hugo, Balzac, and Dumas, but also in popular fiction dealing with crime and adventure, boulevard plays, documentary texts written in a vein of exploitative sensationalism, memoirs by former prisoners, and treatises by penal reformers. This paper examines the reasons that the bagnes portuaires held such a significant place in the nineteenth-century imagination by envisioning travaux forcés as a as a spectacle or a play: meant to be watched, with its own script, stage, costumes and stock characters. It is unsurprising that the audience would engage with this spectacle, creating a discourse about repression, freedom, redemption and human nature

Pengaruh independensi, kompetensi, integritas dan skeptisme profesional terhadap ketepatan pemberian opini audit

Audit adalah pemeriksaan laporan keuangan perusahaan oleh perusahaan akuntan publik yang independen. Tujuan laporan keuangan diaudit adalah untuk memeriksa kewajaran laporan keuangan atas informasi yang disajikan yang tertuang dalam opini audit dalam semua hal yang material, posisi keuangan, hasil usaha, perubahan ekuitas, dan arus kas sesuai dengan prinsip standar akuntansi yang berlaku di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh independensi, kompetensi, integritas, dan skeptisme profesional terhadap pemberian opini audit. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah auditor dengan minimal level sebagai senior auditor yang bekerja di Kantor Akuntan Publik. Pemilihan sampel penelitian ditetapkan berdasarkan metode convenience sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah data primer yaitu kuesioner. Metode analisis data adalah metode regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) independensi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pemberian opini audit; (2) kompetensi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pemberian opini audit; (3) integritas memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pemberian opini audit; (4) skeptisme profesional memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pemberian opini audit; dan (5) independensi, kompetensi, integritas, dan skeptisme profesional secara simultan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pemberian opini audit