RELACIONAMENTO INTERORGANIZACIONAL COOPETITIVO NA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOBILÍSTICA BRASILEIRA

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a existência de coopetição entre empresas no processo de implantação do projeto do Agente Redutor de Óxidos de Nitrogênio (NOx) Automotivo (Arla 32) na indústria automobilística brasileira. Esta é uma pesquisa descritiva qualitativa levada a cabo por meio da aplicação de roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturado e análise documental. A técnica de análise de conteúdo foi aplicada buscando-se identificar as ações de coopetição desenvolvidas pelas empresas, conforme os fundamentos propostos na teoria da coopetição em relacionamentos interorganizacionais entre empresas atuantes em redes de negócios. Os resultados da pesquisa levaram à constatação da ocorrência de ações de cooperação entre as empresas competidoras na rede de negócios voltada à produção e distribuição do produto no País. Foram verificadas ações de auxílio quanto à infraestrutura, tecnologia, pessoas e atividades complementares em parceria, todas desenvolvidas a partir de um objetivo comum, a implantação do produto no Brasil. Houve ainda o diagnóstico da coopetição no desenvolvimento de embalagens e na distribuição e, principalmente, na definição de atuação de cada empresa no mercado como competidoras diretas. Assim, utilizando-se o agente redutor Arla 32, cada empresa com seu posicionamento de marca específico no mesmo ambiente competitivo em comum, foi possível o atendimento do mesmo público-alvo prospectado pelos concorrentes.atender o mesmo público-alvo em comum aos concorrentes

Isolamento e Caracterização de Bactérias do Lodo de Esgoto com Potencial Antagonismo a NematóidesIsolation and Characterization of Bacteria from Sewage Sludge, with Potential Antagonism to Nematodes

Foram isoladas e caracterizadas bactérias presentes no lodo de esgoto visando à realização de estudos futuros de interação desses organismos com fi tonematóides. Os lodos utilizados são provenientes das estações de tratamento de Franca e Barueri, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram obtidos 77 isolados do lodo de Franca e 143 do de Barueri. Desses isolados de Franca testados, 77% foram Gram-positivos e 23% Gram-negativos. Para os 143 isolados obtidos do lodo de esgoto de Barueri, 61% foram Gram-positivos e o restante Gram-negativo. Os isolados Gram-positivos podem, estar relacionados com espécies do gênero Bacillus dos quais várias espécies têm grande importância como agentes de controle de fi topatógenos, inclusive nematóides. Observou-se que 39% e 40% dos microrganismos Gram positivos, isolados dos lodos coletados na ETE de Franca e de Barueri, produziram pigmento fluorescente em meio King B, sendo indicativo de Pseudomonas fluorescens. Dos 77 isolados de Franca, 13% apresentaram como característica morfológica bordo lobado, característica de culturas de Bacillus. Comparando-os com os testes bioquímicos, concluiu-se que 80% deles foram Grampositivos, característica de espécies de Bacillus. Dos isolados, 10% apresentaram bordo inteiro, colônia brilhante e arredondada, as quais são características de Pseudomonas. Desses, 37% foram Gram-negativos, sendo que 67% desses isolados eram também produtores de pigmento fluorescente em meio King B, características da P. fluorescens. Dos 143 isolados de Barueri, 17% apresentaram bordo lobado como característica morfológica, podendo-se suspeitar de serem espécies de Bacillus e 5% apresentaram as características de espécies de Pseudomonas. Para os isolados do lodo de Barueri, na comparação com os testes bioquímicos constatou-se que 64% dos isolados foram Gram-positivo. Dos isolados com características de Pseudomonas, 17% apresentaram-se como Gramnegativas e desses, 17% mostraram-se como produtores de pigmento fluorescente em meio King B, que são características de espécies de Pseudomonas do grupo fluorescente.Summary This work aimed at isolating and characterizing bacteria presented in sewage sludge with the objective of future studies for the interaction of these organisms with nematodes. For this study, it was used samples of the sewage sludge originated from the treatment stations of the cities of Franca and Barueri, in the state of São Paulo. It was obtained 77 samples of isolated sewage sludge from Franca and 143 from Barueri. From the Franca samples, 77% was Gram-positive and 23% was Gram-negative while from the Barueri samples, 61% was Gram-positive and the rest was Gram-negative. The isolated Gram-positive can be related to the species of the genre Bacillus, whose species have great importance as agents of the phytopathogens control, including nematodes. It was observed that 39% and 40% of the Gram-positive microorganisms isolated from the collected sewage sludge in ETE from Franca and from Barueri produced fluorescent pigments in King B medium, as indicative of Pseudomonas fluorescent presence. By examining the 77 samples of sewage sludge from Franca, 13% presented as morphologic characteristic, the margin of lobes, characteristic of the Bacillus culture. When compared them to the biochemistry tests, it was concluded that 80% was Gram-positive, a characteristic of the Bacillus species. By isolating the samples of sewage sludge from Franca, 10% presented whole margin, fluorescent and round colony, characteristics of the Pseudomonas while 37% was Gram-negative, considering that 67% of this isolated sewage sludge produced fluorescent pigments in King B medium, characteristics of Pseudomonas fluorescence. By examining the 143 samples of sewage sludge from Barueri, 17% presented the margin of lobes, as a morphologic characteristic, suggesting that they belonged to the Bacillus species and 5% presented the characteristic of the Pseudomonas species. By isolating the samples of sewage sludge from Barueri, it was found out, during the comparison with the biochemistry tests, that 64% was Gram-positive. From the isolated sewage sludge that presented the Pseudomonas characteristics, 17% indicated to be Gram-negative while 17% demonstrated to be producers of fl uorescent pigments in King B medium, characteristics of the Pseudomonas species from the fluorescent group

COVID-19 infodemic and impacts on the mental health of older people : cross-sectional multicenter survey study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic received widespread media coverage due to its novelty, an early lack of data, and the rapid rise in deaths and cases. This excessive coverage created a secondary “infodemic” that was considered to be a serious public and mental health problem by the World Health Organization and the international scientific community. The infodemic particularly affected older individuals, specifically those who are vulnerable to misinformation due to political positions, low interpretive and critical analysis capacity, and limited technical-scientific knowledge. Thus, it is important to understand older people’s reaction to COVID-19 information disseminated by the media and the effect on their lives and mental health. Objective: We aimed to describe the profile of exposure to COVID-19 information among older Brazilian individuals and the impact on their mental health, perceived stress, and the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: This cross-sectional, exploratory study surveyed 3307 older Brazilians via the web, social networks, and email between July 2020 and March 2021. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were performed to estimate associations of interest. Results: Major proportions of the 3307 participants were aged 60 to 64 years (n=1285, 38.9%), female (n=2250, 68.4%), and married (n=1835, 55.5%) and self-identified as White (n=2364, 71.5%). Only 295 (8.9%) had never started or completed a basic education. COVID-19 information was mainly accessed on television (n=2680, 81.1%) and social networks (n=1943, 58.8%). Television exposure was ≥3 hours in 1301 (39.3%) participants, social network use was 2 to 5 hours in 1084 (32.8%) participants, and radio exposure was ≥1 hour in 1223 (37%) participants. Frequency of exposure to social networks was significantly associated with perceived stress (P=.04) and GAD (P=.01). A Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significantly different perceived stress in participants who were exposed to social networks for 1 hour (P=.04) and those who had no exposure (P=.04). A crude linear regression showed that “some” social media use (P=.02) and 1 hour of exposure to social media (P<.001) were associated with perceived stress. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables revealed no associations with this outcome variable. In a crude logistic regression, some social media use (P<.001) and 2 to 5 hours of exposure to social media (P=.03) were associated with GAD. Adjusting for the indicated variables showed that some social network use (P<.001) and 1 hour (P=.04) and 2 to 5 hours (P=.03) of exposure to social media were associated with GAD. Conclusions: Older people, especially women, were often exposed to COVID-19–related information through television and social networks; this affected their mental health, specifically GAD and stress. Thus, the impact of the infodemic should be considered during anamnesis for older people, so that they can share their feelings about it and receive appropriate psychosocial care

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Clima de Segurança do Paciente na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil: revisão integrativa

Justification and Objectives: although Primary Health Care plays a central role in Brazil, much of the research that assesses safety culture and climate focuses on hospitals and few studies on this subject have explored this reality, thus justifying this study. The aim was therefore to identify the patient safety climate characteristics in Primary Health Care services in Brazil. Methods: an integrative review study. The MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL and SciELO databases were used to search for studies. Results: nine articles were selected which reported on the negative safety climate in Primary Health Care. The five classes generated in the dendrogram are divided into two main categories: (1) Safe healthcare in Primary Health Care; and (2) Patient safety climate assessment in Primary Health Care services. Communication, organizational learning and teamwork were cited as enhancers of safe healthcare. Community health workers had a more negative safety climate perception. Working conditions and management support were rated negatively. Conclusion: strengthening the safety climate in Primary Health Care services favors quality of care and safe healthcare.Justificación y Objetivos: a pesar de que la Atención Primaria de Salud desempeña un papel central en Brasil, gran parte de las investigaciones que evalúan la cultura y el clima de seguridad se centran en los hospitales y pocos estudios sobre este tema han explorado esta realidad, lo que justifica el desarrollo de este estudio. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue identificar las características del clima de seguridad del paciente en los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Métodos:estudio de revisión integradora. Se utilizaron las bases de datos MEDLINE vía PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL y SciELO para la búsqueda de publicaciones. Resultados: fueron seleccionados nueve artículos que informaban sobre el clima de seguridad negativo en los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud. Las cinco clases generadas en el dendrograma se dividen en dos categorías principales: (1) Atención de salud segura en la Atención Primaria de Salud; y (2) Evaluación del clima de seguridad del paciente en los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud. La comunicación, el aprendizaje organizativo y el trabajo en equipo se citaron como potenciadores de una asistencia sanitaria segura. Los trabajadores sanitarios comunitarios tenían una percepción más negativa del clima de seguridad. Las condiciones de trabajo y el apoyo de la dirección se valoraron negativamente. Conclusión: reforzar el clima de seguridad en la Atención Primaria de Salud favorece la calidad de la atención y la seguridad de la asistencia sanitaria.Justificativa e Objetivos: embora a Atenção Primária à Saúde tenha papel central no contexto brasileiro, grande parte das pesquisas que avaliam a cultura e o clima de segurança tem enfoque no âmbito hospitalar e poucas investigações sobre essa temática exploram essa realidade, justificando a elaboração deste estudo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se identificar as características do clima de segurança do paciente em serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil. Métodos: estudo de revisão integrativa. As bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL e SciELO foram utilizadas para busca das publicações. Resultados: foram selecionados nove artigos, que relataram sobre o clima de segurança negativo na Atenção Primária à Saúde. As cinco classes geradas no dendrograma se dividem em duas categorias principais: (1) Cuidado à saúde seguro na Atenção Primária à Saúde; e (2) Avaliação do clima de segurança do paciente nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Comunicação, aprendizagem organizacional e trabalho em equipe foram citados como potencializadores do cuidado à saúde seguro. Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde apresentaram percepção mais negativa do clima de segurança. As condições de trabalho e o suporte da gerência foram avaliados negativamente. Conclusão: o fortalecimento do clima de segurança nos serviços primários de saúde favorece a qualidade da assistência e o cuidado à saúde seguro

Relacionamento interorganizacional coopetitivo na indústria automobilística brasileira

This research aims to analyze the existence of coopetition between companies in the process of implementation of the project of the automotive reducer agent of nitrogen oxides (NOx) - Arla 32 in the Brazilian automobile industry. This is a qualitative descriptive research that applied a semi-structured interview script and documentary analysis. The technique of content analysis was applied seeking to identify the actions of coopetition developed by the companies involved, according to the fundamentals proposed in the theory of coopetition in interorganizational relationships between companies working in business networks. The results led to the observation of the occurrence of cooperative actions among the competing companies in the business network geared to the production and distribution of the product (Arla 32) in the country. Assistance actions were verified regarding to infrastructure, technology, people and complementary activities in partnership, all them developed from a common goal, the implantation of the product in Brazil. There was also the diagnosis of coopetition in the development of packaging and distribution and, mainly, in the definition of each company's performance in the market as direct competitors. Thus, using the reducer agent Arla 32, each company with its specific brand positioning in the same competitive environment, it was possible to attend the same target audience prospected by competitorsO objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a existência de coopetição entre empresas no processo de implantação do projeto do Agente Redutor de Óxidos de Nitrogênio (NOx) Automotivo (Arla 32) na indústria automobilística brasileira. Esta é uma pesquisa descritiva qualitativa levada a cabo por meio da aplicação de roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturado e análise documental. A técnica de análise de conteúdo foi aplicada buscando-se identificar as ações de coopetição desenvolvidas pelas empresas, conforme os fundamentos propostos na teoria da coopetição em relacionamentos interorganizacionais entre empresas atuantes em redes de negócios. Os resultados da pesquisa levaram à constatação da ocorrência de ações de cooperação entre as empresas competidoras na rede de negócios voltada à produção e distribuição do produto no País. Foram verificadas ações de auxílio quanto à infraestrutura, tecnologia, pessoas e atividades complementares em parceria, todas desenvolvidas a partir de um objetivo comum, a implantação do produto no Brasil. Houve ainda o diagnóstico da coopetição no desenvolvimento de embalagens e na distribuição e, principalmente, na definição de atuação de cada empresa no mercado como competidoras diretas. Assim, utilizando-se o agente redutor Arla 32, cada empresa com seu posicionamento de marca específico no mesmo ambiente competitivo em comum, foi possível o atendimento do mesmo público-alvo prospectado pelos concorrentes.atender o mesmo público-alvo em comum aos concorrentes

Controle de partículas aéreas nos procedimentos cirúrgicos durante a pandemia da Covid-19: revisão de escopo

Objetivo: mapeo de las estrategias técnicas y de gestión para el manejo y la reducción de la producción de partículas aéreas en ambientes de procedimientos quirúrgicos durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Método: revisión de alcance, de acuerdo con metodología JBI, con base en documentos indexados en las bases MEDLINE, BVS, CINAHL Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science y literatura gris, publicados en portugués, inglés o español. Se consideraron todos los estudios provenientes de periódicos científicos indexados y recomendaciones publicadas por órganos internacionales o asociaciones académicas, de 2019 a enero de 2022. Los hallazgos fueron sintetizados y analizados por estadística descriptiva y síntesis narrativa. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 22 estudios, siendo que 19 fueron publicados en inglés, dos en español, uno en portugués, con predominancia de revisiones de literatura. Los hallazgos fueron categorizados en recomendaciones para: el ambiente; el equipo y la técnica quirúrgica. Conclusión: la revisión mapeó las estrategias técnicas y de gestión para el manejo y la reducción de la producción de partículas aéreas en los ambientes de procedimientos quirúrgicos. Comprenden desde el uso de equipo de protección individual, entrenamientos, modalidad anestésica, manipulación de vías aéreas, incluso la ejecución de la técnica cirúrgica.Objective: To map the technical and managerial strategies for the management and reduction of airborne particles production in surgical procedures settings during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Scoping review, according to the Joana Briggs Institute methodology, based on documents indexed in MEDLINE, VHL, CINAHL Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature, published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. All studies from indexed scientific journals and recommendations published by international agencies or academic associations from 2019 to January 2022 were considered. Findings were summarized and analyzed using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. Results: Twenty-two studies were selected, 19 of which were published in English, two in Spanish, one in Portuguese, with a predominance of literature reviews. Findings were categorized into recommendations for the environment, the team, and the surgical technique. Conclusion: The review mapped the technical and managerial strategies for the management and reduction of the airborne particles production in surgical procedures settings. They involve from the use of personal protective equipment, training, anesthetic modality, airway manipulation, to the execution of the surgical technique.Objetivo: Mapear as estratégias técnicas e gerenciais para o manejo e a redução da produção de partículas aéreas em ambientes de procedimentos cirúrgicos durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: Revisão de escopo, de acordo com metodologia do Joana Briggs Institute, a partir de documentos indexados nas bases MEDLINE, BVS, CINAHL Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science e literatura cinza, publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. Foram considerados todos os estudos provenientes de periódicos científicos indexados e recomendações publicadas por órgãos internacionais ou associações acadêmicas, de 2019 a janeiro de 2022. Os achados foram sumarizados e analisados por estatística descritiva e síntese narrativa. Resultados: Foram selecionados 22 estudos, sendo 19 publicados em inglês, dois em espanhol, um em português, com predominância de revisões da literatura. Os achados foram categorizados em recomendações para o ambiente, a equipe e a técnica cirúrgica. Conclusão: a revisão mapeou as estratégias técnicas e gerenciais para o manejo e a redução da produção de partículas aéreas nos ambientes de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Envolvem desde o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, treinamentos, modalidade anestésica, manipulação de vias aéreas, até a execução da técnica cirúrgica

COVID-19 Infodemic and Impacts on the Mental Health of Older People: Cross-sectional Multicenter Survey Study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic received widespread media coverage due to its novelty, an early lack of data, and the rapid rise in deaths and cases. This excessive coverage created a secondary “infodemic” that was considered to be a serious public and mental health problem by the World Health Organization and the international scientific community. The infodemic particularly affected older individuals, specifically those who are vulnerable to misinformation due to political positions, low interpretive and critical analysis capacity, and limited technical-scientific knowledge. Thus, it is important to understand older people’s reaction to COVID-19 information disseminated by the media and the effect on their lives and mental health. ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the profile of exposure to COVID-19 information among older Brazilian individuals and the impact on their mental health, perceived stress, and the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). MethodsThis cross-sectional, exploratory study surveyed 3307 older Brazilians via the web, social networks, and email between July 2020 and March 2021. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were performed to estimate associations of interest. ResultsMajor proportions of the 3307 participants were aged 60 to 64 years (n=1285, 38.9%), female (n=2250, 68.4%), and married (n=1835, 55.5%) and self-identified as White (n=2364, 71.5%). Only 295 (8.9%) had never started or completed a basic education. COVID-19 information was mainly accessed on television (n=2680, 81.1%) and social networks (n=1943, 58.8%). Television exposure was ≥3 hours in 1301 (39.3%) participants, social network use was 2 to 5 hours in 1084 (32.8%) participants, and radio exposure was ≥1 hour in 1223 (37%) participants. Frequency of exposure to social networks was significantly associated with perceived stress (P=.04) and GAD (P=.01). A Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significantly different perceived stress in participants who were exposed to social networks for 1 hour (P=.04) and those who had no exposure (P=.04). A crude linear regression showed that “some” social media use (P=.02) and 1 hour of exposure to social media (P<.001) were associated with perceived stress. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables revealed no associations with this outcome variable. In a crude logistic regression, some social media use (P<.001) and 2 to 5 hours of exposure to social media (P=.03) were associated with GAD. Adjusting for the indicated variables showed that some social network use (P<.001) and 1 hour (P=.04) and 2 to 5 hours (P=.03) of exposure to social media were associated with GAD. ConclusionsOlder people, especially women, were often exposed to COVID-19–related information through television and social networks; this affected their mental health, specifically GAD and stress. Thus, the impact of the infodemic should be considered during anamnesis for older people, so that they can share their feelings about it and receive appropriate psychosocial care