The impact of patients’ and physicians’ characteristics on surgery decision for head and neck cancer: Results of a national survey

Background: Population’s aging leads to an increased diagnosis of head and neckcancer (HNC) in older patients (pts). Treatment can involve surgery, radiation, sys-temic therapy or multimodal therapy. Due to heterogeneity of older pts, thecomprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is considered the gold standard tool toclassify pts according to frailty profile. Multidisciplinary approach including a geria-trician is essential. CGA may be helpful to personalize treatment plan and to detectgeriatric conditions that can be reversible through geriatric interventions. We aim toevaluate the impact of CGA on therapeutic decision

De la bête au non-humain : perspectives et controverses autour de la condition animale

À la croisée de l’anthropologie, de l’histoire, de la géographie et de la sociologie, cet ouvrage donne à voir un panorama des relations entre l’animal et l’homme de l’époque médiévale à nos jours, en différents endroits du monde. Témoins de l’évolution des statuts et du mouvement des frontières ontologiques, les contributions explorent la question animale dans ses dimensions mythiques, symboliques, idéologiques, environnementales, sociales, morales et éthiques. Le Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques rassemble chaque année universitaires, membres de sociétés savantes et jeunes chercheurs. Ce recueil est issu de travaux présentés lors du 141e Congrès sur le thème « L’animal et l’homme »

CD47 fusion protein targets CD172a+ cells in Crohn’s disease and dampens the production of IL-1β and TNF

In mice, the transfer of CD172a(+) (SIRP-α) dendritic cells (DCs) elicits T cell–driven colitis, whereas treatment with CD47-Fc protein, a CD172a-binding agent, confers protection. The aim of this study was to elucidate the nature and functional properties of human CD172a(+) DCs in chronic intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that CD172a(+)CD11c(+) cells accumulate in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) and inflamed intestinal mucosa in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). These cells are distinct from resident DCs and may coexpress markers typically associated with monocyte-derived inflammatory DCs such as CD14 and/or DC-SIGN, E-Cadherin, and/or CX(3)CR1. Spontaneous IL-1β and TNF production by HLA-DR(+) cells in CD tissues is restricted to those expressing CD172a. An avidity-improved CD47 fusion protein (CD47-Var1) suppresses the release of a wide array of inflammatory cytokines by CD172a(+) cells, which may include HLA-DR(−)CD172a(+) neutrophils, in inflamed colonic explant cultures and impairs the ability of HLA-DR(+)CD172a(+) cells to activate memory Th17 but not Th1 responses in mLNs. In conclusion, targeting CD172a(+) cells may represent novel therapeutic perspectives for patients with CD

Application of the metathesis reaction to the synthesis of marine natural products

La réaction de métathèse a connu un essor considérable au cours de ces dernières années et le prix Nobel décerné aux chimistes Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs et Richard R.Schrock est venu récompenser ce travail. Cette réaction a été impliquée pour la synthèse de molécules naturelles d’origine marine. Les thiocyanatines A et B isolées en 2001 ont été ainsi préparées en utilisant la réaction de métathèse croisée. Il s’agit du premier exemple de métathèse en présence de groupements thiocyanates. De plus, ces deux synthèses utilisent la technologie micro-ondes. Le largazole, isolé en 2008, est une cible synthétique très important du fait de son activité anticancéreuse. Ce manuscrit retrace la synthèse d’une partie de cette molécule mais également une étude méthodologique pour la formation de motifs thiazoles par micro-ondes. Enfin, la rugulactone, isolée en 2009, a été préparée selon une stratégie tandem de métathèse cyclisante / métathèse croisée et cette dernière a été appliquée à la synthèse d’analogues.The metathesis realized an important development during the last few years and the Nobelprize given to the chemists Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs et Richard R. Schrock came toreward this work. This reaction has been involved for the synthesis of natural molecules of marine origin. Thiocyanatines A and B, isolated in 2001, have been so prepared by using the reaction of cross metathesis. This is the first example of metathesis with the presence ofthiocyanates groups. Moreover, these two syntheses are using the microwave technology. Largazole, isolated in 2008, is a very important synthetic target because of its anticancerous activity. This manuscript is explaining the synthesis of one part of this molecule but it also provides a methodological study for the formation of thiazoles motives by microwave. Then,Rugulactone, isolated in 2009, has been prepared with a tandem strategy of ring clossing metathesis / cross metathesis and this one has been applied to the synthetis of analogues

Behavioural Contexts of Sound Production inPachycondyla Ants (Formicidae: Ponerinae)

International audienc

Physician practice variation in head and neck cancer therapy: Results of a national survey

International audienceObjectives: Choice between surgical or medical treatments in head and neck cancer depends of many patient-related and disease-related factors. We investigated how patients' socioeconomic status and practitioners' specialty could affect medical decision-making.Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online, nationwide survey, send to surgeons, oncologists and radiotherapists specialized in head and neck oncology. We collected data on medical decision-making for seven clinical scientific scenarios involving head and neck carcinoma and physicians' demographic data. Patients' gender and socioeconomic position were distributed across scientific scenarios using a Latin square design. The scientific scenarios were grouped into several categories according to the prognostic and functional impact of the therapeutic choice.Results: We obtained 206 assessable answers. Surgeons seemed to propose surgery in 49% of cases, whereas oncologists and radiotherapists opted for it in 34% of cases only. This was particularly relevant when the oncological result of surgery and the medical approach were equivalent, and when the surgery appeared to be superior in terms of curative potential but was burdened by a large functional impact. Patient's socioeconomic position also influence therapeutic decision. Among surgeons, the "single male manager" had significantly more chance of being offered surgery than the "married male blue-collar worker". Among oncologists and radiotherapists, the "single male blue-collar worker" had the lowest probability of being proposed surgery. Regarding gender, surgeons tended to offer surgical management more to women regardless of their clinical profile.Conclusions: Patients' sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, practitioners' specialty affect therapeutic management decisions in head and neck oncology

The Legacy of a Troubled Past.: Commemorative Politics in South Africa in the 21st Century.

International audienceSince the advent of democracy in 1994, South Africa has been engaged in an unprecedented exercise of national soul-searching, torn between the need to lay to rest centuries of racial conflict and the desire to come to terms with its traumatic history. This book asks whether the country has begun to turn the corner on the legacy of collective hurt. To do so it ranges in scope across 350 years of South African history, encompassing the struggle against the apartheid regime, the downfall of white supremacy, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the first 25 years of democracy, up to more recent movements, such as #RhodesMustFall, or the inquests into the 2012 Marikana massacre, that point to the persistence of traumatic memory in contemporary society. The authors assembled here set out to analyse the representation of such memory, how it has been woven into narratives, recorded, preserved and questioned, and how issues of individual and collective responsibility have been grafted onto it through the visual arts, literature, political discourse and public action. In focusing on memory along with its derived forms of memorialization, collective memory, nostalgia, or post-memory, our contributors pose a fundamental question: is South Africa finally coming to the end of the post-apartheid transition period? Do the decades of memory work on racial violence and repression examined here hold out hope for the nation to make peace with its past

The Legacy of a Troubled Past.: Commemorative Politics in South Africa in the 21st Century.

International audienceSince the advent of democracy in 1994, South Africa has been engaged in an unprecedented exercise of national soul-searching, torn between the need to lay to rest centuries of racial conflict and the desire to come to terms with its traumatic history. This book asks whether the country has begun to turn the corner on the legacy of collective hurt. To do so it ranges in scope across 350 years of South African history, encompassing the struggle against the apartheid regime, the downfall of white supremacy, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the first 25 years of democracy, up to more recent movements, such as #RhodesMustFall, or the inquests into the 2012 Marikana massacre, that point to the persistence of traumatic memory in contemporary society. The authors assembled here set out to analyse the representation of such memory, how it has been woven into narratives, recorded, preserved and questioned, and how issues of individual and collective responsibility have been grafted onto it through the visual arts, literature, political discourse and public action. In focusing on memory along with its derived forms of memorialization, collective memory, nostalgia, or post-memory, our contributors pose a fundamental question: is South Africa finally coming to the end of the post-apartheid transition period? Do the decades of memory work on racial violence and repression examined here hold out hope for the nation to make peace with its past

The Legacy of a Troubled Past.: Commemorative Politics in South Africa in the 21st Century.

International audienceSince the advent of democracy in 1994, South Africa has been engaged in an unprecedented exercise of national soul-searching, torn between the need to lay to rest centuries of racial conflict and the desire to come to terms with its traumatic history. This book asks whether the country has begun to turn the corner on the legacy of collective hurt. To do so it ranges in scope across 350 years of South African history, encompassing the struggle against the apartheid regime, the downfall of white supremacy, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the first 25 years of democracy, up to more recent movements, such as #RhodesMustFall, or the inquests into the 2012 Marikana massacre, that point to the persistence of traumatic memory in contemporary society. The authors assembled here set out to analyse the representation of such memory, how it has been woven into narratives, recorded, preserved and questioned, and how issues of individual and collective responsibility have been grafted onto it through the visual arts, literature, political discourse and public action. In focusing on memory along with its derived forms of memorialization, collective memory, nostalgia, or post-memory, our contributors pose a fundamental question: is South Africa finally coming to the end of the post-apartheid transition period? Do the decades of memory work on racial violence and repression examined here hold out hope for the nation to make peace with its past

Diagnostic value and relative weight of sequence-specific magnetic resonance features in characterizing clinically significant prostate cancers

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To assess the diagnostic weight of sequence-specific magnetic resonance features in characterizing clinically significant prostate cancers (csPCa).</p><p>Materials and methods</p><p>We used a prospective database of 262 patients who underwent T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging before prostatectomy. For each lesion, two independent readers (R1, R2) prospectively defined nine features: shape, volume (V_Max), signal abnormality on each pulse sequence, number of pulse sequences with a marked (S_Max) and non-visible (S_Min) abnormality, likelihood of extracapsular extension (ECE) and PSA density (dPSA). Overall likelihood of malignancy was assessed using a 5-level Likert score. Features were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). csPCa was defined as Gleason ≥7 cancer (csPCa-A), Gleason ≥7(4+3) cancer (csPCa-B) or Gleason ≥7 cancer with histological extraprostatic extension (csPCa-C),</p><p>Results</p><p>For csPCa-A, the Signal1 model (S_Max+S_Min) provided the best combination of signal-related variables, for both readers. The performance was improved by adding V_Max, ECE and/or dPSA, but not shape. All models performed better with DCE findings than without.</p><p>When moving from csPCa-A to csPCa-B and csPCa-C definitions, the added value of V_Max, dPSA and ECE increased as compared to signal-related variables, and the added value of DCE decreased.</p><p>For R1, the best models were Signal1+ECE+dPSA (AUC = 0,805 [95%CI:0,757–0,866]), Signal1+V_Max+dPSA (AUC = 0.823 [95%CI:0.760–0.893]) and Signal1+ECE+dPSA [AUC = 0.840 (95%CI:0.774–0.907)] for csPCa-A, csPCA-B and csPCA-C respectively. The AUCs of the corresponding Likert scores were 0.844 [95%CI:0.806–0.877, p = 0.11], 0.841 [95%CI:0.799–0.876, p = 0.52]) and 0.849 [95%CI:0.811–0.884, p = 0.49], respectively.</p><p>For R2, the best models were Signal1+V_Max+dPSA (AUC = 0,790 [95%CI:0,731–0,857]), Signal1+V_Max (AUC = 0.813 [95%CI:0.746–0.882]) and Signal1+ECE+V_Max (AUC = 0.843 [95%CI: 0.781–0.907]) for csPCa-A, csPCA-B and csPCA-C respectively. The AUCs of the corresponding Likert scores were 0. 829 [95%CI:0.791–0.868, p = 0.13], 0.790 [95%CI:0.742–0.841, p = 0.12]) and 0.808 [95%CI:0.764–0.845, p = 0.006]), respectively.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Combination of simple variables can match the Likert score’s results. The optimal combination depends on the definition of csPCa.</p></div