The psychometric properties of the CFSS-DS for schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia:a confirmatory factor analytic approach

Aim to test the psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Child Fear Survey Schedule‐Dental Subscale (CFSS‐DS) a using confirmatory factor analysis. Methods 2 convenience samples were obtained: Sample [1]: 600 boys (33%) and girls attending 4 public schools in Onizah and Sample [2] 800 girls attending 8 public schools in Buridah. The questionnaire asked the participant's age, gender and completion of the CFSS‐DS. The data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA), parallel factor analysis, Cronbach alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and goodness of fit statistics. Results 513 children in Sample [1] and 503 children in Sample [2] participated giving a valid response rate of 86% and 67% respectively. From the EFA 3 factors were identified and confirmed statistically using parallel factor analysis. The internal consistency of the 3‐factors, dental fear subscale (0.86); hospital fear subscale (0.77) and stranger fear subscale (0.71) was good. The CFA showed that the current EFA model was an equivalent fit to the El Housseiny et al1 model, however, the solution using El Housseiny et al's structure was distorted. Conclusions A 3‐factor structure with acceptable reliability exists for this Arabic version of the CFSS‐DS, confirmed by a CFA using an additional data set.PostprintPeer reviewe

Short and user-friendly: The development and validation of the Mini-DBQ

The Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) is used to measure aberrant driver behavior by asking drivers how often they engage in various aberrant driver behaviors. Since the development of the original DBQ several modified versions have been developed. The difference between the various versions is that new items are added or existing items modified or excluded. However, despite the differences, all versions are relatively long and therefore time-consuming and tiring to answer, which might limit the usability of the instrument. The main purpose of the present study was to develop a mini DBQ version by reducing the 27-item original DBQ to the shortest possible DBQ version. A second aim was to explore the feasibility of a second-order structure within the data, which means that violations, errors and lapses factors load on a higher-order aberrant driver behavior factor. The presence of a second-order structure further indicates the validity of the DBQ and its theoretical structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the fit (i.e., how well the models explain the data) of the original DBQ versus the fit of the shortest possible DBQ as well as the presence of a second-order structure for the DBQ. The results indicated a nine-item Mini-DBQ In addition, a second-order structure was established in the data. These findings indicate that the Mini-DBQ is a valid and useful short measure of aberrant driver behavior

Validation of the Fear of Sleep Inventory (FOSI) in an Urban Young Adult African American Sample

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106083/1/jts21882.pd

Wagnild and youngs’s resilience scale validation for IS students

This paper describes a quantitative study for the validation of the Wagnild and Young's Resilience Scale ® to Information Systems Students. Individual resilience can be described as the person's ability to deal with problems, overcome obstacles, or resist the pressure caused by adverse situations, without entering into rupture. Therefore, resilience can have a significant role in students' education. However, little is known about the determinants that might undermine the resilience level of students, as well as which could affect their mental status and wellbeing, thus requiring new research efforts. This paper shows that Wagnild and Young's Resilience Scale ® is suitable for Information Systems Students: Perseverance, Self-Reliance, Equanimity, Meaningfulness and Existential Aloneness, emerged as main themes from the principal components analysis, as in the original study by Wagnild and Young suggested. Additionally, it is demonstrated that health have influence in the individual resilience.(undefined

Facial first impressions across culture : data-driven modelling of Chinese and British perceivers’ unconstrained facial impressions

People form first impressions from facial appearance rapidly, and these impressions can have considerable social and economic consequences. Three dimensions can explain Western perceivers’ impressions of Caucasian faces: approachability, youthful-attractiveness, and dominance. Impressions along these dimensions are theorized to be based on adaptive cues to threat detection or sexual selection, making it likely that they are universal. We tested whether the same dimensions of facial impressions emerge across culture by building data-driven models of first impressions of Asian and Caucasian faces derived from Chinese and British perceivers’ unconstrained judgments. We then cross-validated the dimensions with computer-generated average images. We found strong evidence for common approachability and youthful-attractiveness dimensions across perceiver and face race, with some evidence of a third dimension akin to capability. The models explained ~75% of the variance in facial impressions. In general, the findings demonstrate substantial cross-cultural agreement in facial impressions, especially on the most salient dimensions

The Reliability and Validity of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire in Eating Disorder and Community Samples

Background: Clinical perfectionism is a risk and maintaining factor for anxiety disorders, depression and eating disorders. Aims: The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the 12-item Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ). Method: The research involved two samples. Study 1 comprised a nonclinical sample (n = 206) recruited via the internet. Study 2 comprised individuals in treatment for an eating disorder (n = 129) and a community sample (n = 80). Results: Study 1 factor analysis results indicated a two-factor structure. The CPQ had strong correlations with measures of perfectionism and psychopathology, acceptable internal consistency, and discriminative and incremental validity. The results of Study 2 suggested the same two-factor structure, acceptable internal consistency, and construct validity, with the CPQ discriminating between the eating disorder and control groups. Readability was assessed as a US grade 4 reading level (student age range 9–10 years). Conclusions: The findings provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the CPQ in a clinical eating disorder and two separate community samples. Although further research is required the CPQ has promising evidence as a reliable and valid measure of clinical perfectionism

Preventative services offered by veterinarians on sheep farms in England and Wales: opinions and drivers for proactive flock health planning

Recent independent UK government reports and studies have highlighted the importance, but lack, of flock health services provided by veterinarians. Qualitative interviews were analysed by thematic analysis to construct belief statements to understand veterinarians' opinions on preventative advice and drivers for current services to sheep farmers. A postal questionnaire was sent to 515 sheep practices registered with the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeon (RCVS) in England and Wales in 2012 to gather quantitative data on these belief statements and to gather demographic information and current services provided by the veterinarian. Exploratory factor analysis with heuristic approaches was conducted on the respondents' belief statements to identify common factors of veterinarian beliefs. Three main factors were identified: motivation for proactiveness, perceived capability to offer preventative services and perceived opportunity to deliver these services. A beta regression model was built to identify the factors significantly associated with the time veterinarians spent in an advisory role. The relative proportion of time increased by 10% (1.01-1.19), 16% (1.03-1.30) and 29% (CI: 1.09-1.53) for each unit increase in score for factor 1 motivation, factor 2 capability and factor 3 opportunity respectively, indicating that these latent factors explained time veterinarians spent in an advisory role with sheep clients. There was a significant correlation between these factors suggesting influence of the associated beliefs between factors. This study provides insight into the nature and drivers of veterinarians' current behaviour and beliefs. These results could be further tested in behaviour intervention studies and help in designing efficient strategies aiming at promoting proactive health services offered by veterinarians on sheep farms in England and Wales

Antibiotic Use: A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Understanding, Usage and Perspectives of Medical Students and Pathfinders of a Public Defence University in Malaysia

Antimicrobial prescribing behaviors are often influenced by the local culture and prescribing appropriateness of medical doctors and other health care professionals. Globally, antimicrobial utilization practices have a profound impact on antimicrobial resistance and are a tremendous public health concern. The aim of this survey was to explore the knowledge and attitudes of medical students from the National Defense University of Malaysia about antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance. Research design and methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study population was undergraduate medical students in each year group from the National Defence University of Malaysia. Students receive limited formal training on the use of antibiotics in their curriculum and most of this learning is opportunistic whilst on clinical placement. Universal sampling was used as the study population was small. Data were collected utilizing a validated instrument regarding antibiotic use. Simple descriptive statistics were used to generate frequencies and percentages with SPSS V21. This research was approved by the Centre for Research and Innovation Management, National Defence University of Malaysia. Results: 206 questionnaires were distributed with a response rate of 99.03%, 54% (110) male, and 46% (94) female. 65% (132) of respondents had used antibiotics in the last year. Respondents displayed a moderate level of knowledge about antibiotics. Conclusions: This study revealed that the older the student was, or when the year of study and total knowledge score was higher, the students were less likely to stop antimicrobials when they felt better or use leftover antibiotics without consulting a doctor. Therefore, the nearer the students were to graduation, the better their knowledge and skills were, and this translated into their own behaviors regarding use of antimicrobials. This finding has clear implications for curriculum design and the inclusion of formal teaching throughout the medical program on antimicrobial use and AMR. However, more research is needed on this topic, including the prescribing habits and antibiotic use of practicing doctors