Effect of proofing profile on bread texture and microstructure previous to freezing process; a correlation with sensory attributes

Within the bakery industry, as well as in all other industries, product development is an important area of research. The freezing process and its effects on the final bread have been studied over the last decades. The main objective of the present study was to verify if bread that has been fully proofed as dough prior to the freezing process has the same quality as bread from doughs that were non-proofed, or partly proofed before freezing, as well as to find out how pre-fermentation affects the porosity and texture of the final bread. Two kinds of bread dough (sweet and rye) mixed in an industrial bakery were proofed at three different profiles (non-proofed, half-proofed and fully proofed), then frozen and stored 2.5 months at a temperature of -20°C. The dough microstructure was studied with a confocal laser scanning microscopy and a computed tomography method. The volume, texture, final appearance and consumer acceptance of the final baked buns were all evaluated. The results showed that, in the final appearance, the volume of the bread containing rye flour at different proofing profiles was more similar to the volume of the reference sample, which was the non-proofed dough before freezing, than the volume of the sweet breads was. Sweet dough that had been half and fully proofed resulted in a lower volume, even after optimizing the process. Despite the similarities between the buns containing rye flour, a significant difference was also observed between them in the product profile obtained from the sensory analyses, in addition to the specific volume and the compressive stress. Product profiles for the different proofing profiles differed in almost all the tested attributes except in elasticity and flavor. Consumers were also able to distinguish between the products. Sweet dough showed an uneven gluten network that was not well developed and in some of the dough types showed agglutinated fat. Using 3D-micro-CT images, it was possible to observe some differences in density and areas with no pores. This study reveals that some achievements have been accomplished with regards to savory bread, but there is still a need for more research to be carried out on sweet bread as well as to develop a process in which a final proofing could be avoided in today’s bread industry. The bread baked from dough that was frozen and stored long-term, 4.5 months at -20°C, showed a noticeable volume reduction. Prolonged proofing time was not enough to compensate and obtain a higher volume

Quality of bread baked from frozen dough - effects of rye, and sugar content, kneading time and proofing profile

The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether proofing profile influences volume and crumb firmness in bread baked from frozen dough, and whether rye or sugar content and different kneading times affect the microstructure of the frozen dough. Microscopy was used to explain the differences.Wheat doughs mixed with rye ("rye") and with sugar ("sweet") were frozen after 3 different proofing times (0, 18, and 38 min) and visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3-dimensional micro-computed tomography. The baked breads were evaluated for volume and texture. Breads from un-proofed frozen dough allowed to proof after thawing showed the highest volume (4.0 cm(3)/g) and the softest crumb texture. The pre-proofed sweet bread had firmer crumbs and lower volume (2.5-3.0 cm(3)/g) than the pre-proofed rye bread (2.7-3.7 cm(3)/g). Reasons for the differences in quality parameters between the rye and sweet breads were investigated by studying the different influences of kneading time and sugar content on fresh and frozen dough. The gluten network was found to be more homogeneously distributed in doughs with longer kneading times and lower sugar content, and less well distributed and more lumped in frozen than in fresh dough

Estudio transversal de medición de la composición corporal en pacientes con cáncer mediante antropometría y técnicas de imagen médica

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to diagnose body composition in cancer patients before starting radiotherapy treatment, by using classic techniques based on anthropometry and biochemical parameters, as well as including new techniques based on computed tomography (TC) images.Material and methods: A sample of 22 patients with cancers that affect the digestive system underwent radiotherapy computed simulation which included measurements at L3 regions. Body composition was determined by using classic anthropometry, biochemical parameters and skeletal muscle mass by using Hounsfield Units (HU).Results: Mean BMI was 65,19 (±12,72) Kg, mean BMI 23,74 (± 5,03) kg/m2, mean average of WL 15,84 (±10,87) %, mean triceps skinfolds 9,73 (± 5,08) mm and mean brachial muscle perimeter 22,81 (± 2,95) cm. In terms of lab analysis, hipoalbumin was present in 63.45% of patients. On the other hand, according to body composition measured by CT scan, patients presented a mean waist circumference 99,06 (±13,38) cm, mean MM 119,41 (±35,54) cm2, and mean SMI 71,50 (±20.57) cm2/m2; being under normal cut points in 13,64% of patients.Conclusion: New techniques based on CT scans could be daily incorporated into clinical practice in cancer patients as an additional information of classic anthropometry and biochemical parameters, being a simple technique to perform, with low cost, reproducible and very reliable in terms of determination of body composition.Introducción: Analizar la composición corporal tanto mediante técnicas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos clásicos, como mediante técnicas modernas utilizando tomografía computarizada (TC), en pacientes oncológicos antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia.Metodología: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva 22 pacientes con diversos tumores del aparato digestivo, que fueron sometidos al TC de planificación antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia, y que disponían de un corte axial en la tercera vértebra lumbar. Para analizar la composición corporal, se determinaron tanto parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos clásicos, como la determinación de la masa muscular mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH).Resultados: En cuanto a las características antropométricas clásicas, el peso medio fue 65,19 (±12,72) Kg, IMC 23,74 (± 5,03) kg/m2, %pp 15,84 (±10,87) %, PT 9,73 (± 5,08) mm y CMB 22,81 (± 2,95) cm. En cuanto a los parámetros bioquímicos, la hipoalbuminemia estuvo presente en el 63,45% de los casos. Por otro lado, la medición de composición corporal mediante técnicas modernas, determinó un promedio de circunferencia de cintura de 99,06 (±13,38) cm, MM de 119,41 (±35,54) cm2, y la media del IME fue de 71,50 (±20.57) cm2/m2; estando por debajo de la normalidad en el 13,64% de los pacientes.Conclusiones: Las nuevas técnicas por imagen basadas en cortes TC, pueden incluirse en la rutina diaria del paciente oncológico como información adicional a los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos más clásicos, por ser una técnica sencilla de realizar, con bajo coste, reproducible y muy fiable en cuanto a determinación de composición corporal

Electrocatalytic urea mineralization in aqueous alkaline medium using NiIIcyclam-modified nanoparticulate TiO2 anodes and its relationship with the simultaneous electrogeneration of H2 on Pt counterelectrodes

NiIIcyclam-modified nanoparticulate TiO2-coated ITO electrodes (ITO/TiO2//NiIIcyclam) were prepared by electropolymerization of NiIIcyclam monomers to TiO2-coated ITO electrodes (ITO/TiO2) to improve electrocatalytic urea CO(NH2)2 oxidation in alkaline aqueous solutions. A high value adding secondary effect was the collection of electrons at Pt cathodes, to simultaneously generate H2 from water reduction. NiIIcyclam-modified ITO electrodes (ITO//NiIIcyclam) were also prepared by electropolymerization of NiIIcyclam monomers to bare ITO electrodes (ITO) for comparison purposes. In the presence of the TiO2 nanoparticles, the urea mineralization on NiIIcyclam coatings was doubled (23.95% – organic carbon removal at 120 min of electrolysis) compared to those without TiO2 nanoparticles (13.02% – organic carbon removal at 120 min of electrolysis). In agreement, the faradaic efficiency for H2 generation at the Pt cathode, electrically connected to an anode having TiO2 nanoparticles (0.99 at 120 min of electrolysis), was also twice as effective than that observed when the same Pt cathode was electrically connected to an anode without TiO2 nanoparticles (0.46 at 120 min of electrolysis). The experimental results indicated that the poisoning of NiII centers (which is caused by an excessive production of CO intermediates during the urea oxidation on both NiIIcyclam-modified anodes) was strongly inhibited in the presence of the nanoparticulate TiO2|NiIIcyclam junction. A final comparison between our results and those reported in selected publications revealed that the NiIIcyclam-modified nanoparticulate TiO2-coated ITO anodes here developed, constitutes a promising electrocatalytic system for performing direct urea mineralization at a relative short electrolysis time. Furthermore, the combination of the following phenomena: (a) effective charge separation on the semiconducting ITO|nanoparticulate TiO2 junctions, (b) remarkable capabilities of the nanoporous TiO2 films for tuning the load of OH� anions demanded by the urea oxidation and, (c) outstanding capabilities of the TiO2 nanoparticles for capturing CO intermediates (at Ti3+ donor sites), successfully promoted the enhancement of the electron external transport to Pt cathodes, and consequently improved the faradaic efficiency associated to the cathodic generation of H2

Modelo de Calidad que incorpora Indicadores Clínicos y de Seguridad en un Hospital Privado de la Ciudad de México

This paper describes the development and implementation of a Quality Model itself in a third level healthcare system with 181 beds in Mexico City. The history, structure, activities, as well as the data used, implementation of quality and safety standards for the healthcare personnel are described. It includes the strengths and difficulties found in the cultural transformation process that allowed the creation of a Quality and Patient Safety Plan based on information that orients the development of new processes that are directed to patient safety.El presente trabajo describe el desarrollo e implementación de un Modelo de Calidad propio, en un sistema de salud privado de 181 camas asignables, de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México. Se especifican los antecedentes, la estructura, las actividades y funciones llevadas a cabo por los diferentes comités, el uso de indicadores, la implementación de estándares de calidad y seguridad en el personal de atención al paciente. Se detallan las fortalezas y dificultades encontradas para la transformación de la cultura organizacional, lo que permitió la creación de un Plan de Calidad y Seguridad basado en datos que orientan el desarrollo de nuevos procesos enfocados a la seguridad del pacient

Estudio transversal de medición de la composición corporal en pacientes con cáncer mediante antropometría y técnicas de imagen médica

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to diagnose body composition in cancer patients before starting radiotherapy treatment, by using classic techniques based on anthropometry and biochemical parameters, as well as including new techniques based on computed tomography (TC) images. Material and Methods: A sample of 22 patients with cancers that affect the digestive system underwent radiotherapy computed simulation which included measurements at L3 regions. Body composition was determined by using classic anthropometry, biochemical parameters and skeletal muscle mass by using Hounsfield Units (HU). Results: Mean BMI was 65,19 (±12,72) kg, mean BMI 23,74 (±5,03) kg/m2, mean average of WL 15,84 (±10,87) %, mean triceps skinfolds 9,73 (±5,08) mm and mean brachial muscle perimeter 22,81 (±2,95) cm. In terms of lab analysis, hipoalbumin was present in 63.45% of patients. On the other hand, according to body composition measured by CT scan, patients presented a mean waist circumference 99,06 (±13,38) cm, mean MM 119,41 (±35,54) cm2, and mean SMI 71,50 (±20.57) cm2/m2; being under normal cut points in 13,64% of patients. Conclusions: New techniques based on CT scans could be daily incorporated into clinical practice in cancer patients as an additional information of classic anthropometry and biochemical parameters, being a simple technique to perform, with low cost, reproducible and very reliable in terms of determination of body composition.Introducción: Analizar la composición corporal tanto mediante técnicas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos clásicos, como mediante técnicas modernas utilizando tomografía computarizada (TC), en pacientes oncológicos antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia. Metodología: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva 22 pacientes con diversos tumores del aparato digestivo, que fueron sometidos al TC de planificación antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia, y que disponían de un corte axial en la tercera vértebra lumbar. Para analizar la composición corporal, se determinaron tanto parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos clásicos, como la determinación de la masa muscular mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH). Resultados: En cuanto a las características antropométricas clásicas, el peso medio fue 65,19 (±12,72) Kg, IMC 23,74 (± 5,03) kg/m2, %pp 15,84 (±10,87) %, PT 9,73 (± 5,08) mm y CMB 22,81 (± 2,95) cm. En cuanto a los parámetros bioquímicos, la hipoalbuminemia estuvo presente en el 63,45% de los casos. Por otro lado, la medición de composición corporal mediante técnicas modernas, determinó un promedio de circunferencia de cintura de 99,06 (±13,38) cm, MM de 119,41 (±35,54) cm2, y la media del IME fue de 71,50 (±20.57) cm2/m2; estando por debajo de la normalidad en el 13,64% de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Las nuevas técnicas por imagen basadas en cortes TC, pueden incluirse en la rutina diaria del paciente oncológico como información adicional a los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos más clásicos, por ser una técnica sencilla de realizar, con bajo coste, reproducible y muy fiable en cuanto a determinación de composición corporal