Single-pixel imaging of the retina through scattering media

Imaging the retina of cataractous patients is useful to detect pathologies before the cataract surgery is performed. However, for conventional ophthalmoscopes, opacifications convert the lens into a scattering medium that may greatly deteriorate the retinal image. In this paper we show, as a proof of concept, that it is possible to surpass the limitations imposed by scattering applying to both, a model and a healthy eye, a newly developed ophthalmoscope based on single-pixel imaging. To this end, an instrument was built that incorporates two imaging modalities: conventional flood illumination and single-pixel based. Images of the retina were acquired firstly in an artificial eye and later in healthy living eyes with different elements which replicate the scattering produced by cataractous lenses. Comparison between both types of imaging modalities shows that, under high levels of scattering, the single-pixel ophthalmoscope outperforms standard imaging methods

“El gran dia de Girona”, la restauració d’una obra de gran format

La singularitat del procés de conservació-restauració del quadre “El gran dia de Girona”, de Ramon Martí Alsina, rau en l’excepcionalitat de les dimensions de l’obra, però també en què constitueix un referent quant a l’aplicació de criteris molt poc intervencionistes en una pintura d’aquesta envergadura. Aquests han permès preservar les característiques originals del suport malgrat els dos grans estrips que travessaven pràcticament la totalitat de la tela, i respectar l’originalitat de la tècnica pictòrica de l’artista durant un procés tan complex com la neteja de la policromia

Vulneración de derechos fundamentales y el debido proceso en la aplicabilidad del procedimiento directo /pág. 24-40

The punitive power of the State was previously deteriorated by a procedure that had to be changed because it was not on par with the social transformations and with the new criminal figures that currently exist in the country. An analysis of the fundamental rights that every person enjoys was carried out, and that the application of this procedure can seriously damage legal assets that must be protected by the State. The current Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code contemplates in Art. 640 the Direct Procedure, which concentrates all the stages in a single hearing and is applied exclusively in the qualification of the flagrant crime and other rules determined in the articles; projecting this research work to verify if the application of this procedure violates fundamental rights of due process, right to defense. An analysis of the fundamental rights that every person enjoys has been carried out, and that the application of this procedure can seriously damage legal rights that must be protected by the State.El poder punitivo del Estado anteriormente estaba deteriorado por un procedimiento que debía ser cambiado por no estar a la par con las transformaciones sociales y con las nuevas figuras delictivas que actualmente existen en el país.  Se realizó un análisis de los derechos fundamentales que goza toda persona, y que la aplicación de este procedimiento puede lesionar gravemente bienes jurídicos que deben ser protegidos por el Estado. El Código Orgánico Integral Penal vigente contempla en el Art. 640 el Procedimiento Directo, el cual concentra todas las etapas en una sola audiencia y se aplica exclusivamente en la calificación del delito flagrante y demás reglas determinadas en el articulado; proyectándose este trabajo de investigación a verificar si la aplicación de este procedimiento vulnera derechos fundamentales de debido proceso, derecho a la defensa. Se ha realizado un análisis de los derechos fundamentales que goza toda persona, y que la aplicación de este procedimiento puede lesionar gravemente bienes jurídicos que deben ser protegidos por el Estado

Prevalence of asphyxia and perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term newborns, considering two diagnostic criteria

OBJETIVOS: verificar a prevalência de asfixia perinatal e de encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica (EHI), em recém-nascidos (RN), segundo 2 critérios diagnósticos, e avaliar a evolução neurológica de acordo com cada critério. MÉTODO: Estudo tipo Corte transversal prospectivo de 30 RN de termo com asfixia perinatal, classificados em 2 grupos, de acordo com 2 critérios diagnósticos adotados: 1-ACOG/AAP (1996): pH de cordão 57,0, disfunção múltipla de órgãos, manifestações neurológicas na 1ª semana de vida e Apgar no 5º minuto de vida, entre 0-3. Critério 2- Buonocore (2002): pH de cordão < 7,2, Apgar de 5º minuto de vida, entre 4-6 e FiO2 > 0,40 para saturar 86%. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de asfixia perinatal quando utilizado o critério 1, foi de 0,64 por 1000 NV e pelo critério 2 de 1,1 por 1000 NV. Quando analisados os 30 RN que apresentaram asfixia perinatal a freqüência de encefalopatia foi de 53%, ou seja, mais da metade das crianças asfixiadas apresentaram esta grave complicação Os RN do grupo 1 apresentaram estatisticamente maior sofrimento fetal, relacionado com o estágio de gravidade da asfixia. Os RN dos 2 grupos apresentaram alterações cardíacas, hepáticas e renais, acidose respiratória e metabólica. Os RN com acidose metabólica e níveis elevados de CKMB tiveram maior grau de comprometimento neurológico. Foi verificado em 85% dos RN com encefalopatia (estágio 1 e 2 de Sarnat), Apgar de 5º min. de vida 4-6, e naqueles com encefalopatia grave este valor ficou entre 0-3 (p=0,018). Na avaliação de Sarnat e Sarnat, verificou-se uma proporção maior de RN do grupo 2 nos estágios mais leves. No estágio 3 (mais grave), encontrou-se proporção maior de RN do grupo 1 (p = 0,016). A taxa de mortalidade foi de 16,7%. CONCLUSÃO: O critério 1 teve melhor correlação com a gravidade e mortalidade dos pacientes. No entanto, por ser muito rigoroso exclui os RN que sobrevivem e evoluem com quadro de encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica e que seriam incluídos com o critério 2.OBJECTIVES: to verify the prevalence of asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term newborns according with two diagnostic criteria; To assess the neurological evolution according with each one of the criteria. METHOD: prospective cohort study with 30 newborns by means of two different diagnostic criteria at birth: criterion 1 preconized by the ACOG/APP, 1996 of (cord pH >; 7,0, dysfunction of multiple organs, neurological manifestations in the first week of life beyond the Apgar between 0-3 in 5 minutes); the criterion 2 was defined by Buonocore et al., in 2002, as amended (>; cord pH of 7,2, Apgar score of 4-6 at 5 minutes and need to maintain FIO2 >; 0.40 of saturation 86%); RESULTS: the prevalence of asphyxia with the criterion 1 was 0,64 per 1,000 termlin births and with the criteriom 2 1,1 per 1000 termlins birth. Among the 30 NB with asphyxia diagnoses, the hypoxic isquemic encephalopathy was 53%. More than a half has this serious complication. The newborns (NB) of the criterion 1, presented more fetal alterations and greator severity of asphyxia Both groups of newborns presented alterations of the heart, licor and idney functios and respiratory and metabolic acidosis. The newborns with metabolic acidosis had high levels of CKMB and a greator neurology impediment. In 85% of the NB with encephalopathy (1 and 2 stages of Sarnat), the Apgar of 5 minutes of life was 4 -6, and NB with encephalopathy (stages 3 of Sarnat) this value was 0-3. (p = 0,018). We found bigger more proportions of newborns of the criterion 2, with 1 and 2 stages of Sarnat. In the 3 stage, we found a bigger. proportions of NB of criterion 1 (p = 0,016). The mortality rate was 16.7% CONCLUSION: the criterion 1 was showord a better correlation with the severity and mortality of the patients but with it, we might exclude the patients that survire and had hypoxic-isquemic encephalopathy and that were included with the criterion 2

ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM ASSISTEM CRIANÇAS DOENTES UTILIZANDO «ENTREVISTA COM BRINCADEIRA»

Presenting and commenting on the significance of the employment of "play-interview" in the situations of aid to sick children.Apresenta-se e comenta-se o significado da utilização de "entrevista com brincadeira", em três situaçõs de assistência a crianças dantes

Utilizing recycled ceramic aggregates obtained from tile industry in the design of open graded wearing course on both laboratory and in situ basis

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the technical feasibility of using porcelain and ceramic stoneware tile wastes as aggregate replacement in hot bituminous open graded wearing courses. It is believed that it would reduce the environmental effects of wastes disposal and the natural aggregate demand. The investigated bituminous mix course was an open graded wearing course. Ceramic tile industry wastes were treated to obtain recycled aggregates. These aggregates were characterized and tested to see their suitability to be utilized in bituminous mixtures. The design process of mixture consisted on the study of mixtures prepared with natural and recycled aggregates. The mixtures were produced in both the laboratory and an asphalt plant basis, evaluating the influence of in situ production and scale factors. Recycled ceramic aggregates content was established to obtain appropriate mechanical and superficial characteristics, besides maximizing re-utilization of recycled materials. Up to 30% of recycled ceramic aggregates content by aggregates weight was found to be adequate. However, the partial substitution of natural aggregate by recycled ceramic aggregates involved higher water sensitivity in the mixture. The open graded wearing course with recycled ceramic aggregates was considered to be suitable for medium to low traffic volume roads, though further research is deemed to be necessary for technical and economical viability. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research would not have been possible without the support of the Research and Development Program of the Institute for Small and Medium Industry from Valencia (IMPIVA, No Exp. IMI-DTF/2011/56), financed by the European Union under the Operational Program of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Silvestre Martínez, R.; Medel Colmenar, E.; García García, A.; Navas, J. (2013). Utilizing recycled ceramic aggregates obtained from tile industry in the design of open graded wearing course on both laboratory and in situ basis. Materials and Design. 50:471-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.041S4714785

Using ceramic wastes from tile industry as a partial substitute of natural aggregates in hot mix asphalt binder courses

The technical feasibility of using recycled ceramic aggregates as a partial replacement of natural aggregates in hot mix asphalt was investigated. Recycled ceramic aggregates were obtained crushing stoneware and porcelain tile wastes from the ceramic industry. Both natural and recycled aggregates were characterized by suitability tests to be utilized in bituminous mixtures. Asphalt concrete binder course mixtures were designed through the Marshall method and the European CE marking standards. The mixtures were produced in both laboratory and asphalt plant, evaluating the influence of real production and scale factors. The addition of recycled ceramic aggregates increased binder, filler and air void contents, as well as the resistance to plastic deformation and the retained indirect tensile resistance after immersion. Nonetheless, worse moisture susceptibility with compressive strength and worse values of Marshall stability and deformation were observed. Up to 30% of natural aggregates were replaced by recycled ceramic aggregates with good mechanical conditions according to Spanish specifications. The main conclusion was that hot bituminous mixtures with a reasonable addition of recycled ceramic aggregates can satisfy binder course performance requirements for medium-low volume roads.This research would not have been possible without the support of the Research and Development Program of the Institute for Small and Medium Industry from Valencia (IMPIVA, No. Exp. IMIDTF/2011/56), financed by the European Union under the Operational Program of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Martínez, RS.; Medel Colmenar, E.; García García, A.; Navas Gomez, J. (2013). Using ceramic wastes from tile industry as a partial substitute of natural aggregates in hot mix asphalt binder courses. Construction and Building Materials. 45:115-122. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.058S1151224

Consensus on the Clinical Approach to Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Spain: A Delphi Survey

Background. The purpose of this study was to gather information on the current assessment and management of patients with moderate-to-severe AD in routine daily practice. Methods. A cross-sectional two-round Delphi survey with the participation of dermatologists and allergologists throughout Spain was conducted. They completed a 46-item questionnaire, and consensus was defined when responses of >= 80% of participants coincided in the categories of a 5-point Likert scale for that item. Results. A total of 105 specialists (aged 40-59 years) completed the two rounds. Participants agreed regarding the consideration of AD as a multifaceted disease and the differences in clinical presentation of AD according to the patient's age. It is recommendable to perform a skin biopsy to exclude early stage T-cell cutaneous lymphoma, psoriasis, or dermatitis herpetiformis, among others (99.1%). Also, consensus was reached regarding the use of the SCORAD index to quantify the severity of the disease (86.7%), the use of wet wraps to increase the effect of topical corticosteroids (90.4%), the usefulness of proactive treatment during follow-up (85.6%) and tacrolimus ointment (91.2%) to reduce new flares, and the fact that crisaborole is not the treatment of choice for severe AD (92.4%). AD was not considered a contraindication for immunotherapy in patients with allergic respiratory diseases (92.4%). In patients with severe AD, the use of immune response modifier drugs (97.6%) or phototherapy (92.8%) does not sufficiently cover their treatment needs. Consensus was also obtained regarding the role of the new biologic drugs (93.6%) targeting cytokines involved in the Th2 inflammatory pathway (92.0%) and the potential role of dupilumab as first-line treatment (90.4%) in moderate-to-severe AD patients. Conclusion. This study contributes a reference framework to the care of AD patients. There is no diagnostic test or biomarkers to direct treatment or to assess the severity of the disease, and many therapeutic challenges remain

Elaboración de materiales docentes multimedia para el manejo de pacientes especiales en la práctica odontológica

El proyecto “Elaboración de materiales docentes multimedia para el manejo de pacientes especiales en la práctica odontológica” ha sido realizado por el grupo de Odontología en pacientes especiales de la Universitat de València. Su objetivo principal ha sido dinamizar el aprendizaje y mejorar la interacción con el alumnado de dicha asignatura de 5º curso de la licenciatura de Odontología. Para ello se han elaborado contenidos multimedia sobre toda la información relevante a la asignatura; se han realizado protocolos sobre el manejo de estos pacientes para que los alumnos, y cualquier profesional que lo requiera pueda conocerlos y disponer de ellos antes de la impartición de las clases. Se han propuesto casos clínicos de pacientes reales para que el alumnado pueda dar su punto de vista sobre aspectos relacionados a su tratamiento, los cuales han sido posteriormente comentados por el grupo docente. Y además se ha aportado información sobre congresos, cursos y noticias relacionadas con el mundo de los pacientes especiales

Inhibition of NET Release Fails to Reduce Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Mice

Obesity-associated diseases such as Type 2 diabetes, liver disease and cardiovascular diseases are profoundly mediated by low-grade chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue. Recently, the importance of neutrophils and neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase on the induction of insulin resistance has been established. Since neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase are critically involved in the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), we here hypothesized that NETs may be relevant to early adipose tissue inflammation. Thus, we tested the effect of the Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4 inhibitor Cl-amidine, a compound preventing histone citrullination and subsequent NET release, in a mouse model of adipose tissue inflammation. C57BL6 mice received a 60% high fat diet for 10 weeks and were treated with either Cl-amidine or vehicle. Flow cytometry of adipose tissue and liver, immunohistological analysis and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed to determine the effect of the treatment and diet. Although high fat diet feeding induced insulin resistance no significant effect was observed between the treatment groups. In addition no effect was found in leukocyte infiltration and activation in the adipose tissue and liver. Therefore we concluded that inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation may have no clinical relevance for early obesity-mediated pathogenesis of the adipose tissue and liver