La inseparabilidad y el grado de adaptación como determinantes de la internacionalización de las empresas de servicios

[email protected] [email protected] mayor parte de enfoques teóricos de internacionalización han surgido en el marco del sector industrial y, por tanto, algunas explicaciones podrían no ser generalizables al sector servicios en su globalidad. Por ello, las características sectoriales deben ser tenidas en cuenta en el análisis de los modos de entrada de las empresas de servicios, ya que es posible encontrar patrones de comportamiento muy diferentes no sólo con respecto a las empresas industriales sino también entre las propias empresas de servicios. En este trabajo se proponen la inseparabilidad de los servicios y el grado de adaptación a las necesidades del cliente como dimensiones clave para agrupar lo servicios debido a las importantes repercusiones que éstas tienen en un contexto internacional. A partir de un análisis de conglomerados no jerárquico aplicado a una muestra de 113 empresas de servicios españolas, en el trabajo se identifican cuatro grupos de servicios y se constata la existencia de algunas diferencias en los patrones de elección de métodos de entrada según la naturaleza del grupo analizado.The vast majority of theoretical approaches in internationalisation have emerged from manufacturing sector and, thus, some explanations may not be true in the whole service sector. This paper analyses the importance of sector characteristics in the entry mode choice and shows that there are different behaviours patterns not only among the service and manufacturing sectors but also among service firms. In this paper, we propose two characteristics of services, inseparability and customisation degree, as key dimensions to classify services because of their importance in the international arena. From a cluster analysis in a sample of 113 Spanish service firms, this paper identifies four groups of services and it provides evidence about the existence of some differences in the entry mode choice patterns according to the nature of the group being analysed

Inseparability and customisation degree as determinants of service firms’ internationalization

The vast majority of theoretical approaches in internationalisation have emerged from manufacturing sector and, thus, some explanations may not be true in the whole service sector. This paper analyses the importance of sector characteristics in the entry mode choice and shows that there are different behaviours patterns not only among the service and manufacturing sectors but also among service firms. In this paper, we propose two characteristics of services, inseparability and customisation degree, as key dimensions to classify services because of their importance in the international arena. From a cluster analysis in a sample of 113 Spanish service firms, this paper identifies four groups of services and it provides evidence about the existence of some differences in the entry mode choice patterns according to the nature of the group being analysed.Service characteristics, internationalisation, entry modes, control degree

Inseparability and customisation degree as determinants of service firms’ internationalization

[ES] La mayor parte de enfoques teóricos de internacionalización han surgido en el marco del sector industrial y, por tanto, algunas explicaciones podrían no ser generalizables al sector servicios en su globalidad. Por ello, las características sectoriales deben ser tenidas en cuenta en el análisis de los modos de entrada de las empresas de servicios, ya que es posible encontrar patrones de comportamiento muy diferentes no sólo con respecto a las empresas industriales sino también entre las propias empresas de servicios.En este trabajo se proponen la inseparabilidad de los servicios y el grado de adaptación a las necesidades del cliente como dimensiones clave para agrupar los servicios debido a las importantes repercusiones que éstas tienen en un contexto internacional. A partir de un análisis de conglomerados no jerárquico aplicado a una muestra de 113 empresas de servicios españolas, en el trabajo se identifican cuatro grupos de servicios y se constata la existencia de algunas diferencias en los patrones de elección de métodos de entrada según la naturaleza del grupo analizado.[EN] The vast majority of theoretical approaches in internationalisation have emerged from manufacturing sector and, thus, some explanations may not be true in the whole service sector. This paper analyses the importance of sector characteristics in the entry mode choice and shows that there are different behaviours patterns not only among the service and manufacturing sectors but also among service firms.In this paper, we propose two characteristics of services, inseparability and customisation degree, as key dimensions to classify services because of their importance in the international arena. From a cluster analysis in a sample of 113 Spanish service firms, this paper identifies four groups of services and it provides evidence about the existence of some differences in the entry mode choice patterns according to the nature of the group being analysed

Proposed criteria for the evaluation of the scientific quality of mandatory rat and mouse feeding trials with whole food/feed derived from genetically modified plants

In recent years, animal feeding trials conducted with whole food/feed have been a focal issue in the controversy on the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) plants and derived food/feed. Within the scientific community and among stakeholders, quite different views have been expressed on how these studies should be conducted, analysed and interpreted, what they might add in terms of information relevant to safety and whether 90-day rodent feeding trials should be mandatory. Despite the fact that the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 503/2013 (specifying the requirements for the risk assessment of GM food/feed) requests mandatory 90-day feeding trials for GM plants with single transformation events, the controversy continues. This is due to the fact that in 2016 the European Commission will have to review this particular provision in the legislation (ibid, Article 12), and because of questions raised by long-term feeding studies with GM maize

Early Environmental Enrichment Enhances Abnormal Brain Connectivity in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

INTRODUCTION: The structural correspondence of neurodevelopmental impairments related to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that persists later in life remains elusive. Moreover, early postnatal stimulation strategies have been proposed to mitigate these effects. Long-term brain connectivity abnormalities in an IUGR rabbit model and the effects of early postnatal environmental enrichment (EE) were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IUGR was surgically induced in one horn, whereas the contralateral one produced the controls. Postnatally, a subgroup of IUGR animals was housed in an enriched environment. Functional assessment was performed at the neonatal and long-term periods. At the long-term period, structural brain connectivity was evaluated by means of diffusion-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging and by histological assessment focused on the hippocampus. RESULTS: IUGR animals displayed poorer functional results and presented altered whole-brain networks and decreased median fractional anisotropy in the hippocampus. Reduced density of dendritic spines and perineuronal nets from hippocampal neurons were also observed. Of note, IUGR animals exposed to enriched environment presented an improvement in terms of both function and structure. CONCLUSIONS: IUGR is associated with altered brain connectivity at the global and cellular level. A strategy based on early EE has the potential to restore the neurodevelopmental consequences of IUGR

Sintomatología ansiosa y estilos de crianza en una muestra clínica de preescolares

La relación entre ios trastornos de ansiedad y los estilos parentales es un tema de creciente interés desde hace varias décadas, principalmente en grupos de edad escotar. En el presente trabajo se ha analizado la relación entre la sintomatología ansiosa que presentan un grupo de escolares clínicamente referidos, los estilos de crianza parentales y el estado de salud paterno. Los resuitados obtenidos muestran, por un lado, correlación entre el estilo de crianza hiperreactivo y los síntomas de ansiedad generalizada, y por otro, correlación entre el estado de salud paterno y los síntomas de ansiedad de separación. Se observa también una relación entre los estilos de crianza, principalmente el hiperreactivo, y el estado de salud paternoThe relationship between anxiety disorders and parenting styles has been a topic of growing interest over the past decades, mostly in school age groups. The present work analyzes the relationship between anxious symptomatology in a sample of clinically referred preschoolers, parenting styles and parents' health. On one hand, results show a correlation between hyperreactivity style and symptoms of generalized anxiety and. on the other hand, a correlation between parents' health and separation anxiety symptoms. There is also a relationship between parenting styles (mainly hyperreactivity) and parents' healt

La diversidad sexual y de género en las organizaciones. Aproximándonos a organizaciones más habitables

Se realiza una aproximación a la diversidad sexual y de género desde un punto común para adentrarse en los conceptos y su construcción social mediante un análisis reflexivo sobre los esquemas de interactuación, tantas veces limitantes de las realidades no normativas, cuando no excluyentes de las mismas también en los ámbitos organizacionales.Altamira Basterrechea, JF.; Canarias Fernández-Cavada, E. (2021). La diversidad sexual y de género en las organizaciones. Aproximándonos a organizaciones más habitables. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/16599

Surveying selected European feed and livestock production chains for features enabling the case-specific post-market monitoring of livestock for intake and potential health impacts of animal feeds derived from genetically modified crops

This review, which has been prepared within the frame of the European Union (EU)-funded project MARLON, surveys the organisation and characteristics of specific livestock and feed production chains (conventional, organic, GM-free) within the EU, with an emphasis on controls, regulations, traceability, and common production practices. Furthermore, an overview of the origin of animal feed used in the EU as well as an examination of the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in feed is provided. From the data, it shows that livestock is traceable at the herd or individual level, depending on the species. Husbandry practices can vary widely according to geography and animal species, whilst controls and checks are in place for notifiable diseases and general health symptoms (such as mortality, disease, productive performance). For feeds, it would be possible only to make coarse estimates, at best, for the amount of GM feed ingredients that an animal is exposed to. Labeling requirements are apparently correctly followed. Provided that confounding factors are taken into account, practices such as organic agriculture that explicitly involve the use of non-GM feeds could be used for comparison to those involving the use of GM feed.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Cirurgia Endoscòpica i Laparoscòpica combinada per al tractament de pòlips colònics benignes complexos

La cirurgia endoscòpica i laparoscòpica combinada (CELS) s'ha desenvolupat extraordinàriament en els últims 10-15 anys com una alternativa mínimament invasiva a la resecció quirúrgica de còlon per al tractament de pòlips benignes. Aquest estudi mostra algunes de les tècniques més utilitzades i n'avalua la viabilitat, la seguretat i els resultats a curt termini en els primers 15 pacients intervinguts a l'Hospital Parc Taulí, un dels primers centres a introduir aquesta tècnica a Espanya.La cirugía endoscópica y laparoscópica combinada (CELS) se ha desarrollado extraordinariamente en los últimos 10-15 años como una alternativa mínimamente invasiva a la resección quirúrgica de colon para el tratamiento de pólipos benignos. Este estudio muestra algunas de las técnicas más utilizadas y evalúa la viabilidad, la seguridad y los resultados a corto plazo en los primeros 15 pacientes intervenidos en el Hospital Parc Taulí, uno de los primeros centros en introducir esta técnica en España