Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition

The functional characterization of adult-born neurons remains a significant challenge. Approaches to inhibit adult neurogenesis via invasive viral delivery or transgenic animals have potential confounds that make interpretation of results from these studies difficult. New radiological tools are emerging, however, that allow one to noninvasively investigate the function of select groups of adult-born neurons through accurate and precise anatomical targeting in small animals. Focal ionizing radiation inhibits the birth and differentiation of new neurons, and allows targeting of specific neural progenitor regions. In order to illuminate the potential functional role that adult hypothalamic neurogenesis plays in the regulation of physiological processes, we developed a noninvasive focal irradiation technique to selectively inhibit the birth of adult-born neurons in the hypothalamic median eminence. We describe a method for Computer tomography-guided focal irradiation (CFIR) delivery to enable precise and accurate anatomical targeting in small animals. CFIR uses three-dimensional volumetric image guidance for localization and targeting of the radiation dose, minimizes radiation exposure to nontargeted brain regions, and allows for conformal dose distribution with sharp beam boundaries. This protocol allows one to ask questions regarding the function of adult-born neurons, but also opens areas to questions in areas of radiobiology, tumor biology, and immunology. These radiological tools will facilitate the translation of discoveries at the bench to the bedside

Conflictos en la vida laboral y familiar de la mujer ejecutiva en Lima Metropolitana

El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar cuáles son las causas que originan los conflictos familiares y laborales en la vida de la mujer ejecutiva y las estrategias que utilizan para afrontarlas. A pesar de que existen estudios de conflictos trabajo – familia, estos están basados en países desarrollados y tienen otro contexto. El estudio tiene un propósito descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo, donde se investiga acerca del nivel educativo, vida laboral y familiar. El estudio del caso, fue el método más apropiado para la presente investigación, basado en entrevistas realizadas a dieciocho mujeres ejecutivas en Lima Metropolitana. Los resultados han demostrado que las mujeres ejecutivas están expuestas a varios generadores de conflicto, ocasionándoles serios problemas laborales y familiares, se han identificado dieciséis generadores de conflicto laboral y trece generadores de conflicto familiar. Para contrarrestar los conflictos laborales y familiares, las mujeres ejecutivas utilizan trece estrategias independientemente, para minimizar o eliminar los generadores de cada conflicto. En la presente investigación se realizó un análisis transversal, en base a la información recabada de las entrevistas a las mujeres ejecutivas, identificando dos patrones: (1) a menor edad de los hijos mayor el sentimiento de culpa de la mujeres ejecutivas, para reducir el sentimiento de culpa utilizan como estrategias: apoyo familiar y organización de tiempo familiar y (2) a mayor edad de la mujer ejecutiva, demandan mayor tiempo propio, para este patrón utilizan como estrategia la organización de tiempo laboral. Siendo estas estrategias las de mayor uso por parte de ellas. Los patrones encontrados han contribuido a comprender el comportamiento de la mujer ejecutiva en situaciones de conflicto y pueden tomarse como base para futuras investigacionesThe object of this study is to identify the root causes of conflict in the family and work spheres of executive women, as well as the strategies used to address them. Although there are studies about struggles in work-family balance, these are based in developed countries and in a different context. The study uses a qualitative approach for its research method comparing work life versus family life, and the impact that education has on each. Conducting a case study was the most appropriate method for this research, using interviews with eighteen women executives in Lima. The results have shown that female executives are exposed to many sources of conflict, causing serious labor and family problems. The results outline sixteen causes of work conflict and thirteen causes of family conflict. To address these career and family problems, the executive women used thirteen independent strategies to minimize or eliminate each source of conflict. This research will carry out a cross-sectional analysis of information gathered from interviews with these executive women. The interviews identified two patterns. First, women with young children were preoccupied with guilty, depending on the support of their family and scheduling family time to reduce their guilt. Second, more experienced women demanded more time on their own, and achieved this by organizing their working time. These findings have contributed to understanding the behavior of executive women in problematic situations and can be used as the premise for future researchTesi

Adaptaciones curriculares para la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad a la carrera de Pedagogía de la Actividad Física y Deporte

Introduction. The presence of students with disabilities in Higher Education constitutes one of the main challenges of current educational systems, being necessary the establishment of pertinent manifestos that establish policies and statutes of inclusive character, without exception of any career as is the case of the Pedagogy of Physical Activity and Sport. Objective. To investigate the curricular adaptations that promote the inclusion of students with different disabilities in the career of Physical Activity and Sports Pedagogy in the Ecuadorian context. Methodology. Research design: mixed research approach, in its quantitative approach, non-experimental, descriptive, field, and cross-sectional design. In its qualitative approach, a phenomenological design was proposed. Population and sample: 39 teachers of the Physical Activity and Sport Pedagogy Career of 18 universities in Ecuador. Techniques and instruments: The quantitative technique of the survey was applied and as an instrument a self-administered questionnaire on the types of disability and curricular adaptations applied by teachers in the career of Pedagogy of Physical Activity and Sport. In the development of the qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were applied to a student representative of each type of disability, addressing the following topics through an open question. Statistical treatment of the data: SPSS version 25 statistical package, developing an analysis of mean values and standard deviations for variables of quantitative origin and an analysis of frequencies and percentages for variables of qualitative origin. Results. The curricular adaptations applied by teachers in relation to physical, visual, and intellectual disabilities were determined. General, axial, and executive categories that determined an emerging theory based on the perceptions and experiences reported by the subjects involved in the research process. Conclusion. Considerable progress has been made in curricular adaptations for students with disabilities in the career of Physical Activity and Sports Pedagogy, there are notable gaps in terms of effective inclusion and awareness of the educational community. General area of study: Education. Specific area of study: Physical Education.Introducción.  La presencia de estudiantes con discapacidad en la Educación Superior constituye uno de los principales retos de los sistemas educativos actuales, siendo necesario el establecimiento de manifiestos pertinentes que establezcan políticas y estatutos de carácter inclusivo, sin excepción de carrera alguna como es el caso de la Pedagogía de la Actividad Física y Deporte. Objetivo.  Indagar las adaptaciones curriculares que promueven la inclusión de estudiantes con diferentes discapacidades en la Carrera de Pedagogía de la Actividad Física y Deporte en el contexto ecuatoriano. Metodología. Diseño de investigación: enfoque mixto de investigación, en su planteamiento cuantitativo diseño no experimental, descriptivo, de campo y de corte trasversal.  En su planteamiento cualitativo se planteó un diseño fenomenológico. Población y muestra: 39 docentes de la Carrera de Pedagogía de la Actividad Física y Deporte de 18 universidades del Ecuador. Técnicas e instrumentos: Se aplicó la técnica cuantitativa de la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario auto administrado sobre los tipos de discapacidad y las adaptaciones curriculares que aplican los docentes en la carrera de Pedagogía de la Actividad Física y Deporte. En el desarrollo del planteamiento cualitativo se aplicó entrevistas en profundidad a un estudiante representante de cada tipo de discapacidad, abordando los siguientes tópicos a través de una pregunta abierta. Tratamiento estadístico de los datos: Paquete estadístico SPSS versión 25, desarrollando un análisis de valores medios y desviaciones estándares para las variables de origen cuantitativo y un análisis de frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables de origen cualitativo. Resultados. Se determinaron las adaptaciones curriculares aplicadas por los docentes en relación con la discapacidad física, visual e intelectual. Categorías generales, axiales y ejecutivas que determinaron una teoría emergente en base a las percepciones y experiencias comunicadas por parte de los sujetos intervenciones en el proceso de investigación. Conclusión.  Se han realizado avances significativos en adaptaciones curriculares para estudiantes con discapacidades en la carrera de Pedagogía de la Actividad Física y Deporte, existen brechas notables en términos de inclusión efectiva y sensibilización de la comunidad educativa.  Área de estudio general: Educación. Área de estudio específica: Educación Física

Rol del glicocálix en la Sepsis: Revisión de La literatura y enfoque traslacional

El endotelio vascular está cubierto por glicocálix en su región apical; una estructura compleja de macromoléculas formada por proteoglicanos y glicosaminoglicanos. Alteraciones en la fisiología de esta estructura en la sepsis podrían explicar la permeabilidad endotelial, vasoplejía, el estado procoagulante y la inflamación persistente; que clínicamente se ven asociados a disfunción de los órganos y consecuentemente alta mortalidad. Por lo que productos de la degradación del glicocálix podrían usarse como biomarcadores para diagnóstico y pronóstico. Además de convertirse en objetivos farmacológicos o guías de reanimación temprana, por lo que el conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados es de vital importanciaen la práctica clínica

A case–control study of infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae producing New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1: Predictors and outcomes

IntroductionInfections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are a significant cause of death worldwide, and carbapenemase-producing bacteria are the principal agents. New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP-NDM-1) is an extensively drug-resistant bacterium that has been previously reported in Mexico. Our aim was to conduct a case–control study to describe the risk factors associated with nosocomial infections caused by K. pneumoniae producing NDM-1 in a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico.MethodsA retrospective case–control study with patients hospitalized from January 2012 to February 2018 at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde” was designed. During this period, 139 patients with a culture that was positive for K. pneumoniae NDM-1 (cases) and 486 patients hospitalized in the same department and on the same date as the cases (controls) were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 24, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate the risk factors for KP-NDM-1 infection.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-nine case patients with a KP-NDM-1 isolate and 486 control patients were analyzed. In the case group, acute renal failure was a significant comorbidity, hospitalization days were extended, and significantly more deaths occurred. In a multivariate analysis of risk factors, the independent variables included the previous use of antibiotics (odds ratio, OR = 12.252), the use of a urinary catheter (OR = 5.985), the use of a central venous catheter (OR = 5.518), the use of mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.459), and the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (OR = 2.334) as predictors of infection with NDM-1 K. pneumoniae.ConclusionIn this study, the previous use of antibiotics, the use of a urinary catheter, the use of a central venous catheter, the use of mechanical ventilation, and ICU stay were shown to be predictors of infection with NDM-1 K. pneumoniae and were independent risk factors for infection with NDM-1 K. pneumoniae

Development of a Panel of Genome-Wide Ancestry Informative Markers to Study Admixture Throughout the Americas

Most individuals throughout the Americas are admixed descendants of Native American, European, and African ancestors. Complex historical factors have resulted in varying proportions of ancestral contributions between individuals within and among ethnic groups. We developed a panel of 446 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) optimized to estimate ancestral proportions in individuals and populations throughout Latin America. We used genome-wide data from 953 individuals from diverse African, European, and Native American populations to select AIMs optimized for each of the three main continental populations that form the basis of modern Latin American populations. We selected markers on the basis of locus-specific branch length to be informative, well distributed throughout the genome, capable of being genotyped on widely available commercial platforms, and applicable throughout the Americas by minimizing within-continent heterogeneity. We then validated the panel in samples from four admixed populations by comparing ancestry estimates based on the AIMs panel to estimates based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The panel provided balanced discriminatory power among the three ancestral populations and accurate estimates of individual ancestry proportions (R2>0.9 for ancestral components with significant between-subject variance). Finally, we genotyped samples from 18 populations from Latin America using the AIMs panel and estimated variability in ancestry within and between these populations. This panel and its reference genotype information will be useful resources to explore population history of admixture in Latin America and to correct for the potential effects of population stratification in admixed samples in the region

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake