Factores de localización regional en las inversiones industriales

En este trabajo se analiza la localización regional de la inversión industrial en España en el periodo 1964-2000, evaluando tanto la influencia de factores clásicos de demanda y coste como economías de aglomeración, y el papel desempeñado por las infraestructuras de transporte además del capital humano. Los resultados muestran que son el capital humano y las diferencias salariales los factores que más han contribuido a modificar la localización y el desplazamiento de la inversión hacia nuevos núcleos industriales, mientras que las infraestructuras de transporte y el crecimiento de los salarios han contribuido también a intensificar la utilización de capital sobre todo en las regiones con mayor tradición industrial.Localización, inversión industrial, regiones

Productivity and Regional Employment in Spain: A Dynamic Approach

This paper analyses the impact of sectorial and territorial factors on the dynamics of employment in regional industries in Spain over the period 1980-2006. A dynamic panel data model is estimated using panel data techniques (System-GMM), which provide an alternative methodology for addressing the problem of variable endogeneity. The results confirm the robustness of the contemporary effects: diversification, market size and dynamics in the sector affect employment in the short term. However, effects in the long term are more uncertain

Deformidad vertebral y mielomeningocele: actitud terapéutica y resultados

Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la deformidad vertebral relacionada con el mielomeningocele entre los años 1972 y 1995. En ese período un total de 48 pacientes fueron intervenidos. Se han evaluado las condiciones generales previas, el estado prequirúrgico, las diversas modalidades de instrumentación y el resultado de las mismas, así como el tipo y número de complicaciones. Durante el período posquirúrgico inmediato hemos encontrado un porcentaje de infecciones del 68%. Sin embargo, el resultado final, tanto del equilibrio pélvico como del vertebral conseguido, no estuvo influenciado significativamente por esta complicación. El tipo de patología, las complicaciones generales derivadas de la misma, el tiempo quirúrgico empleado y las pérdidas sanguíneas, son condiciones estrechamente relacionadas con el número de infecciones encontradas.We present our experience on the surgical treatment of myelomeningocelelinked vertebral deformity between 1972 and 1995. We evaluated the previous general condition, the presurgical status, the instrument modalities and their outcome, as well as the type and number of complications in a series of 48 patients. During the immediate postoperative period, we found a 68% infection rate. However, the end result for pelvic as well as vertebral balance was not influenced significantly by this complication. The number of infections found is closely linked to the specific pathology, the complications, duration of operation, and blood loss

Complicaciones sépticas de la osteosíntesis lumbosacra: Análisis de 23 casos

Entre 1987 y 1995 hemos intervenido 295 pacientes afectos de patología lumbosacra realizando en todos ellos una artrodesis instrumentada. Veintitrés pacientes tuvieron como complicación una infección profunda, lo que equivale a un 7,8%. El germen más frecuentemente aislado como responsable de la infección fue el Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina. La antibioterapia más veces utilizada fue una cefalosporina de 2.a generación. La infección se resolvió en 4 ocasiones bajo tratamiento médico; sin embargo, en 19 se procedió a limpieza quirúrgica de los tejidos dañados no siendo necesaria la retirada del material de osteosíntesis. En 9 ocasiones se practicó una 2.a reintervención, y en otros 4 una tercera. En nuestra serie, fue necesario reintervenir quirúrgicamente el 50% de los pacientes a los que se practicó una limpieza quirúrgica. Dado que la profilaxis antibiótica debe de cubrir los gérmenes prevalentes en cada unidad hospitalaria, de acuerdo con su patrón de resistencia, hubiera sido más adecuado el empleo de antibióticos glucopeptídicos.Between 1987 and 1995 we performed an instrumented arthrodesis on 295 patients with lumbosacral pathology and 23 patients (7.8%) had a serious infection. Methicillin-resistent Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated causal germs. Second generation Cephalosporin was the antibiotic administered the most. The infection was cured in 4 cases with medical treatment. However, in 19 patients surgical cleaning of the damaged tissue was required, although it was not necessary to remove the osteosynthesis material. In 9 cases a second operation was performed and a third in 4 others. In our series, 50% of the patients who required surgical cleaning underwent another operation. Due to the fact that prophylactic antibiotics should cover the germs prevalent in each hospital ward, according to the resistence patterns, the use of Glycopeptid antibiotics would have been more appropriate

Short-Term Changes in Algometry, Inclinometry, Stabilometry, and Urinary pH Analysis After a Thoracolumbar Junction Manipulation in Patients with Kidney Stones

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of a high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation of the thoracolumbar junction in different urologic and musculoskeletal parameters in subjects suffering from renal lithiasis. Design: Randomized, controlled blinded clinical study. Settings/Location: The Nephrology departments of two hospitals and one private consultancy of physiotherapy in Valencia (Spain). Subjects: Forty-six patients suffering from renal lithiasis. Interventions: The experimental group (EG, n¿=¿23) received a spinal manipulation of the thoracolumbar junction, and the control group (CG, n¿=¿23) received a sham procedure. Outcome measures: Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of both quadratus lumborum and spinous processes from T10 to L1, lumbar flexion range of motion, stabilometry, and urinary pH were measured before and immediately after the intervention. A comparison between pre- and postintervention phases was performed and an analysis of variance for repeated measures using time (pre- and postintervention) as intrasubject variable and group (CG or EG) as intersubject variable. Results: Intragroup comparison showed a significant improvement for the EG in the lumbar flexion range of motion (p¿<¿0.001) and in all the PPT (p¿<¿0.001 in all cases). Between-group comparison showed significant changes in PPT in quadratus lumborum (p¿<¿0.001), as well as in the spinous processes of all of the evaluated levels (p¿<¿0.05). No changes in urinary pH were observed (p¿=¿0.419). Conclusion: Spinal manipulation of the thoracolumbar junction seems to be effective in short term to improve pain sensitivity, as well as to increase the lumbar spine flexion

Endogenous capital stock and depreciation in the United States

There are several puzzles and unresolved problems in empirical economics that depend on the reliability of capital series. Productivity paradoxes, and certain recent trends in the US macroeconomic data, cannot be addressed correctly with the available standard measures of capital stock. Our paper contributes to the theory of capital by endogenizing capacity utilization and depreciation in an intertemporal optimization model with adjustment and maintenance costs. This model allows for corporate taxation and identifies the impact on the variables that shape the capital accumulation process. Depreciation is a control variable that is no longer assumed proportional to the capital stock. The model provides a system of equations that we run empirically with a data set of the US economy for the period 1960–2016. We obtain an empirical measure of the depreciation rate and the capital stock based on profitability and market values. They are economic estimations that consider the entire capital deterioration and obsolescence. Aggregate capital stock is a key variable in the description of the economy, and our results, which better fit the foundations of economic theory, can provide policymakers with a good understanding of the field in which specific public policy measures are to be implemented

Comprehensive vehicular networking platform for V2I and V2V communications within the Walkie-Talkie Project

[EN] Communication architectures integrating vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications will be the key of success for the next generation of cars. Nevertheless, the integration of these communication partners in the same platform is a challenging issue because most of the literature is focused on individual parts, such as V2V routing protocols or specific safety services. The Walkie-Talkie project was proposed to fill this gap, focusing on the integration of V2V and V2I systems to equip vehicles with a set of intelligent services addressing safer, smarter, and sustainable driving. This paper describes the developed communications platform. The network design is based on IPv6 to support middleware and applications executed on both the vehicle and infrastructure sides. Whereas V2I is focused on the usage of IPv6 network mobility, V2V is provided by means of a hybrid solution based on intelligent delivery and delay tolerant networks. On top of the networking protocols, a service access middleware exploiting concepts from next generation networks is proposed, together with a proper on-board application management based on the open service gateway initiative. A prototype of the network and real evaluations are also presented as a proof of concept of our platform.This work has been mainly sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, through the Walkie-Talkie project (TIN2011-27543-C03), and partially by the European Seventh Framework Program, through the ITSSv6 Project (contract 270519), and the Seneca Foundation, by means of the GERM program (04552/GERM/06).Santa, J.; Pereñíguez, F.; Cano Escribá, JC.; Skarmeta, AF.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Manzoni, P. (2013). Comprehensive vehicular networking platform for V2I and V2V communications within the Walkie-Talkie Project. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2013:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/676850S112201

Measuring personal networks and their relationship with scientific production

The analysis of social networks has remained a crucial and yet understudied aspect of the efforts to measure Triple Helix linkages. The Triple Helix model aims to explain, among other aspects of knowledge-based societies, ¿the current research system in its social context. This paper develops a novel approach to study the research system from the perspective of the individual, through the analysis of the relationships among researchers, and between them and other social actors. We develop a new set of techniques and show how they can be applied to the study of a specific case (a group of academics within a university department). We analyse their informal social networks and show how a relationship exists between the characteristics of an individual¿s network of social links and his or her research output

Membrane fluidity matters: Hyperthermia from the aspects of lipids and membranes

Hyperthermia is a promising treatment modality for cancer in combination both with radio- and chemotherapy. In spite of its great therapeutic potential, the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain to be clarified. Due to lipid imbalances and 'membrane defects' most of the tumour cells possess elevated membrane fluidity. However, further increasing membrane fluidity to sensitise to chemo-or radiotherapy could have some other effects. In fact, hyperfluidisation of cell membrane induced by membrane fluidiser initiates a stress response as the heat shock protein response, which may modulate positively or negatively apoptotic cell death. Overviewing some recent findings based on a technology allowing direct imaging of lipid rafts in live cells and lipidomics, novel aspects of the intimate relationship between the 'membrane stress' of tumour cells and the cellular heat shock response will be highlighted. Our findings lend support to both the importance of membrane remodelling and the release of lipid signals initiating stress protein response, which can operate in tandem to control the extent of the ultimate cellular thermosensitivity. Overall, we suggest that the fluidity variable of membranes should be used as an independent factor for predicting the efficacy of combinational cancer therapies