Integrative Science to Achieve Long-Term Impact in Conservation: The Use of Participatory Mapping to Improve Trans-disciplinarity

International audienc

Integrating ecosystem services into conservation strategies for freshwater and marine habitats: a review

Over the last two decades, there has been increasing public and political recognition of society's dependency upon natural habitat complexity and ecological processes to sustain provision of crucial ecosystem services, ranging from supplying potable water through to climate regulation. How has the ecosystem-services perspective been integrated into strategies for aquatic habitat conservation? Literature on conservation of diverse freshwater and marine habitats was reviewed to assess the extent to which past and current strategies specifically targeted ecosystem services, and considered ecosystem functions, potential trade-offs and social issues when formulating protection measures for conserving aquatic habitats. Surprisingly few published examples exist where comprehensive assessment of ecosystem services supported development of conservation plans. Seldom were aquatic habitat conservation objectives framed in terms of balancing trade-offs, assessing social values and evaluating suites of ecosystem services under different strategies. Time frames for achieving these objectives were also rarely specified. There was no evidence for fundamental differences between marine and freshwater habitats with respect to their ecosystem services that should be considered when setting targets for their conservation. When an ecosystem-service perspective is used for setting objectives in aquatic habitat conservation, the following actions are recommended: (1) explicitly listing and evaluating full suites of ecosystem services to be conserved; (2) identifying current and future potential trade-offs arising from conservation; (3) specifying time frames within which particular strategies might protect or enhance desired services; and (4) predicting how different proposed strategies might affect each ecosystem function, service flow and public benefit. This approach will help ensure that less-apparent ecosystem services (e.g. regulating, supporting) and their associated ecosystem functions receive adequate recognition and protection in aquatic conservation of freshwater and marine habitats. However, conservation objectives should not focus solely on protecting or enhancing ecosystem services but complement current strategies targeting biodiversity and other conservation goals.Peer Reviewe

Visitor presence and a changing soundscape, alongside environmental parameters, can predict enclosure usage in captive flamingos

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordData availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Raw data from this project are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.The sound environment of a zoo animal is a complex milieu of animal and human‐generated sounds; coming from the species itself, other species, visitors, keepers and other zoo‐users. Research determining how different components of the sound environment affect animal behaviour is surprisingly lacking but could have real‐world impacts for animal welfare and zoo enclosure design. The current study investigated the effects of the sound environment on two flocks of flamingos housed in open‐air enclosures at British zoos. Measures of how each flock used its enclosure (as a response variable) and environmental variables (Inband Power and Peak Frequency were recorded as characteristics of the sound environment, as well as temperature, humidity and cloud cover, and finally visitor presence—all as potential predictor variables) were made over a 2‐month period. Assessment of space use by zoo animals is often used as a measure of the appropriateness of an exhibit and to understand welfare. Given that flamingo activity is influenced by weather and that the sound environment of the zoo is likely to be influenced by the number and the presence of visitors, it was assumed that these predictor variables would influence where the flamingos were located at different times of the day. As expected, there was a complicated relationship between enclosure use and Inband Power (average spectral density, a measure of sound energy) in both flocks; visitors generated salient sound but other visitor characteristics such as their physical presence may have impacted the movement of the birds around their enclosures. Results show a complex picture where environmental conditions influence flamingo enclosure usage as well as visitor presence and sounds around/in the enclosure. Findings are not consistent between the two flocks, with one flock demonstrating distinct temporal change to enclosure zone occupancy and the other responsive to humidity and cloud cover variation. We believe enclosure use can provide a valuable indication of how birds react to their soundscape; however, our findings suggest more work is needed to unpick the components of captive sound environments, and their relative effects on how animals use their space.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC

Between the Camargue and the Gediz Delta : recflections concerning the transfer of integrated coastal zone management strategies

La gestion participative intégrée a obtenu une reconnaissance internationale en Europe avec les approches de gestion intégrée des zones côtières (GIZC). Avec le protocole GIZC de la convention de Barcelone, le mouvement a dépassé les frontières de l'Europe pour inclure tout le bassin méditerranéen. Cette recherche soulève la question de l'application de modèles standardisés de gestion environnementale dans différents contextes géopolitiques et socioculturels. L'objectif global de cette étude est d'améliorer la mise en place et l'impact des projets de conservation par une meilleure compréhension de leurs dimensions sociales, culturelles et géographiques. Cette recherche propose une analyse de la complexité des perceptions socioculturelles et des dynamiques de gouvernances dans deux sites d'étude (la Camargue en France et le Delta du Gediz en Turquie). Quatre-vingt treize entretiens qualitatifs et quantitatifs ont été menés suivant une méthode d'échantillonnage raisonné. L'application possible de la gestion participative intégrée a été envisagée à travers l'optique des réseaux sociaux, des discours environnementaux, et des valeurs et perceptions environnementales en mobilisant les outils de la géo-gouvernance. En utilisant chacun de ces points de vue, nous avons démontré que la participation est considérée, pensée et appliquée de manière différente au sein de chaque site. Ces différences soutiennent l'hypothèse dominante de ce travail : les stratégies environnementales doivent être adaptées pour s'adapter à chaque contexte local. Nos résultats rappellent qu'il ne faut pas survoler les contextes locaux si l'on veut garantir l'efficacité des institutions.Participatory integrated management gained international recognition in Europe with integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approaches. The movement has spread beyond the European borders and includes the entire Mediterranean basin with the ICZM Protocol under the Barcelona Convention. This research raises the question on the application of standardized environmental management models in distinct geopolitical and socio-cultural contexts. The overall objective of this analysis is to improve the implementation and impact of conservation projects through an improved understanding of social, cultural and geographical dimensions. This research analyzes the complexity of socio-cultural perceptions and dynamics of environmental governance within and between sites (the Rhone delta, France and the Gediz delta, Turkey). Base lines were established for political and administrative contexts, ecological states and socio-cultural perspectives to analyze the similarities and differences. Ninety three qualitative and quantitative interviews were conducted using a purposive sampling methodology. The potential application of integrated participatory management was studied through the lenses of social networks, environmental discourses, and environmental values and perceptions with a geo-governance approach. Using each of these views, we demonstrated that participation is considered, sought and implemented in distinct ways in each site. These differences support the dominant theme of this work: environmental strategies must be adapted to suit site specific contexts. The results are a reminder that we should not overlook local contexts if we want to promote institutional effectiveness

Context in Landscape Planning: Improving Conservation Outcomes by Identifying Social Values for a Flagship Species

Sustainable conservation planning depends on understanding local context including the way social values impact a landscape. Flamingos are used here as a flagship species to focus the social values of a broad range of people living in and working in the Camargue in France. A survey questionnaire (n = 87) was used to identify the range of ways in which people value the landscape and their perception of effectiveness of flamingo management strategies. Survey analysis was conducted through a multi-method approach, triangulating standard descriptive statistics, qualitative data analysis, and multivariate analysis applying numerical taxonomy. Applying numerical taxonomy allowed us to identify and define six social assemblages. Each assemblage had geographical characteristics with distinct values and perceptions in relation to management. The primary residence and geographic identity of the participants was defining, showing clear value differences from participants living in different parts of the delta. The participants most frequently agreed that flamingos contributed to the aesthetic, economic, biodiversity, and recreational values of the landscape. We show how identifying points of consensus and points in contest is necessary for navigating differences in values for conservation planning. This research shows the importance of the local social context in sustainably managing landscape change

Application of ICZM tool's: Experience from the French PEGASO study site

International audienceThe Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) protocol sets a common framework for ICZM for all countries in the Mediterranean basin, yet a wide variety of approaches and techniques are implemented. This study presents the approach implemented from a pilot site in the People for Ecosystem based Governance in Assessing Sustainable development of Ocean and coast (PEGASO) project; building on existing capacities to develop a common novel approach to s upport integrated coastal zone management in the south of France (Bouches du Rhone Department). Using a participatory approach, local stakeholders were interviewed to identify potential tools to facilitate ICZM in the Department. The in depth interviews highlighted a multitude of conflicting land uses (urbanization, farming, natural areas, etc.) resulting from a prolongation of sectorial management put in place during the 1960. In response, the project implemented a Land and Ecosystem Accounting technique LEAC). This tool aimed to identify how conflicting land use issues have evolved over the years and the consequences that this has on the site. Ecosystem accounts recorded the state of natural resources and ecosystem components in terms of quality (e.g. land-cover); quantity (e.g. volume of biomass, area of certain land-cover, number of species etc.) and changes in quality and quantity in time and space. The first results were presented to the stakeholders in the form of maps during a participative workshop, opening discussion for possible improvements. This pilot test demonstrates the importance of implicating local stakeholders in the development process in order to provide tools that have a better acceptation rate and can be sustained after the projects are completed

Perception et adaptation au changement climatique dans les deltas méditerranéens

International audienceLes deltas méditerranéens sont des espaces dont les milieux dépendent des aménagements anthropiques des fleuves qui les alimentent. En tant que côtes basses à climat méditerranéen, ils sont particulièrement vulnérables aux effets probables des changements climatiques. L'étude de trois deltas (Rhône, Vardar et Gediz) montre que les pratiques de leurs habitants associent adaptation locale et prise de conscience globale, mais aucune adaptation efficace n'est possible sans gestion concertée à plusieurs échelles. Bibliographie | citer cet article Pour faire face aux risques liés aux changements climatiques, et d'une manière plus générale aux changements globaux, il est important de travailler à différentes échelles (internationale, nationale et locale) (Dewulf, Meijerink, Runhaar 2015). Des réponses adaptatives qui combineraient approche descendante et approche ascendante pourraient être développées. Cette démarche permettrait d'émettre des propositions qui prendraient mieux en compte les besoins de la population locale mais également de stimuler des changements de comportement et d'action à tous les niveaux. La prédisposition des populations à mettre en oeuvre des stratégies d'atténuation et d'adaptation, ainsi qu'à soutenir et à inciter les gouvernements à faire de même, est davantage liée aux niveaux perçus des menaces qu'aux risques réels (O'Connell-Rodwell et al., 2000). Les travaux sur la perception des risques environnementaux, et autres études, ont montré que les individus tirent des conclusions sur les phénomènes abstraits basées sur leurs expériences observées et vécues (Capstick and Pidgeon 2014). La recherche a montré que la prise de conscience du changement climatique est souvent motivée par des facteurs spécifiques au pays comme la prospérité nationale, la couverture médiatique de la question, l'action politique par les élites politiques, les sources d'information et les gouvernements. Des facteurs individuels tels que les croyances, les connaissances et points de vue culturels jouent également un rôle important (Shi, Visschers, and Siegrist, 2015). Tous ces aspects contribuent à la perception publique et personnelle du risque et peuvent accroître la volonté des populations à prendre des mesures pour réduire les risques liés au changement climatique et s'adapter aux nouvelles conditions. L'intérêt porté par la recherche et la société civile au changement climatique est allé croissant au cours de la dernière décennie avec un accord général sur le fait que l'évolution de l'agenda politique et des mesures de gestion sont nécessaires pour faire face aux changements prévus. La région méditerranéenne a été reconnue comme l'une des régions les plus touchées par le changement climatique. Elle est considérée comme un «point chaud» selon les résultats des scénarios de projection du changement climatique mondial (Adloff et al., 2015). Les températures dans le bassin méditerranéen sont maintenant environ 1,3°C supérieures à celles de 1880-1920, pour une augmentation d'environ 0,85°C à l'échelle mondiale. Ces changements requièrent des politiques d'adaptation dans la région méditerranéenne, notamment en ce qui concerne les systèmes d'utilisation des terres et la conservation de la biodiversité (Guiot and Cramer 2016). Cet essai géo-socio-climatique ne prétend pas proposer des solutions uniques pour s'adapter aux changements climatiques. Nous présentons les perceptions au changement climatique dans trois deltas méditerranéens ainsi que les actions prises en compte par la population locale face à ces risques. Cette information est impérative pour comprendre et trouver des stratégies d'atténuation et d'adaptation les plus adéquats pour l'avenir

Eventration diaphragmatique congénitale bilatérale (à propos d' un cas d' éventration diaphragmatique congénitale bilatérale totale)

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Diagnostic de l’échec de la contractualisation des mesures agri-environnementales pour réduire les incursions des Flamants dans les rizières de Camargue (France)

Flamingo forays in the Camargue rice fields only affect a small percentage of the surface area ; however, the damage incurred in the individual fields can be important and may even require the entire area to be replanted. Previous research has demonstrated hedges around rice fields could reduce the attractiveness of the fields for flamingos. In consequence, Agri-environmental Schemes (AES) were proposed to compensate farmers for hedge maintenance. These AES have not been contracted in great numbers and few new hedges have been established in the study area. We demonstrate that the lack of contractualisation can be explained by several factors : the administrative limits of the AES, the poor financial compensation for the measures and the perceived incompatibility of hedges with current agricultural practices. In order to promote the landscape changes necessary to reduce flamingo forays, we propose that the current AES be extended to cover the territory affected by the incursions and be reformulated to take into consideration the time and effort necessary for farmers to produce these changes. The AES alone may not be sufficient and a pilot farmer approach linked to AES could be a possible tool to spur the change in practices required in the Camargue