ESTIMATES OF COST OF ACCIDENTS IN SOME SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

The manufacturing industry is one of the most dangerous branches in light of the frequency of occupational accident. Direct and indirect losses generated by major manufacturing accidents reduce profit and cause management crises. Such losses significantly impact manufacturing business owners, workers, clients and the public. This research evaluated the effect of safety practices on operational performance of some selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Ten-year data were collected on yearly basis from four (4) manufacturing industries in Nigeria which are chemical, oil/gas, food/beverages, and metal/fabrication industries on annual record of accidents and annual expenditure on safety intervention programmes. The data were analyzed using existing mathematical models. The probability of each class of accidents has highest values estimated as: 0.19, 0.52, and 0.68 for fatal, serious and minor accidents, respectively while the lowest was estimated as: 0.03, 0.2, and 0.32 for fatal, serious and minor accidents, respectively. The highest accidents cost of potential consequences of accidents were estimated as N94,701,700, N13,339,567and N2,969,210 for fatal, serious and minor accidents, respectively while the least accidents cost was estimated as N541,072, N1,834,120 and N341,562 for fatal, serious and minor accidents, respectively. However, minor and fatal accidents in metal/fabrication industry has the highest (0.68) and the least (0.03) values of probabilities of occurrence of accident, respectively, while fatal accident in oil and gas industry has the highest cost of accident estimated as N94,701,700 (fatal accident) which is 93.21% of the total cost of accidents in the industry

ASSESSMENT OF MAINTENANCE AND FACILITY SAFETY IN SOME SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA

The maintenance of equipment and safety of facilities is very important to an industry as it determines its performance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of safety and mainte*nance practices to ensuring overall operational performance of some selected manufacturing industries in Nigeria.  This paper evaluated the maintenance and safety practices of selected manufacturing industries in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. It investigated the causes of breakdown, causes of accident and predicted the impact of maintenance and safety practice on production. Questionnaire and personal interaction were employed to collect data on record of maintenance and safety practices, annual record of accidents and machine breakdown from nine manufacturing industries within Ibadan metropolis in Oyo State Nigeria. These were analyzed using existing mathematical models. Equipment maintainability, reliability, availability and causes of equipment breakdown, and accident were evaluated.  Results revealed that average maintainability, reliability and availability were 0.648462, 0.764162 and 0.807242 respectively. Average overall economic implications of minor and serious accidents are#533,324,134 and #896,950,921, respectively. Causes of breakdown were identified to be excess workload, failure of parts, untrained operator and inadequate maintenance while unsafe condition and act are responsible for accident occurrences. The Maintenance, safety culture, planning and management in manufacturing industries need more improvement, in order to ensure waste reduction, optimized operational cost, increased productivity and efficiency. Dynamic development of safety legislations from government is encouraged

Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Bioactive Fraction G Extracted from \u3cem\u3ePavetta crassipes\u3c/em\u3e in Malignant Brain Tumor Cell Lines

Objective: Natural products have served as sources of lead compounds that are commonly used in the treatment of human diseases including cancer. Pavetta crassipes has been widely demonstrated to have ethnopharmacological potential in the management of malaria, gastrointestinal conditions, central nervous system behavioral disorders, hypertension, and cancer. The goal of our study was to evaluate the biological and molecular effects of Fraction G, obtained from the plant Pavetta crassipes, on glioblastoma invasive growth and survival. Methodology: The antiproliferative effects of Fraction G, obtained from Pavetta crassipes, was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion, (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol- 2yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; MTT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Flow cytometry and Western blotting analyses were carried out to examine the effects of Fraction G on cell cycle check-points and its effects on epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling of AKT and MAPK pathways. Results: In this paper, we report that the Fraction G obtained from the plant Pavetta crassipes induced a reduction in glioma cell viability and proliferation as well as induced an increase in apoptosis as evidenced by cleaved PARP, increased caspase 3/7 activity, and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 check point. Furthermore, we report that Fraction G inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and MAPK following EGF treatment. Conclusion: Taken together, our results demonstrate that Fraction G has potent inhibitory effects on pathways involved in glioblastoma proliferation and survival

a systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury

Funding Information: Countries provided feedback on the estimates through WHO's consultation of its 194 Member States. We specially acknowledge the ILO for its strategic contributions, as well as its sharing of data and contributions to the production of the estimates. Eurostat produced and shared the transition probabilities for exposure to UVR assigned via proxy of occupation for 27 countries in the European Region. Dr Yuka Ujita (ILO) and then Dr Halim Hamzaoui (ILO) were the ILO focal point for the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. Marion McFeedy (consultant to the ILO) contributed to initial database development, and Dr Bochen Cao (WHO) shared WHO Global Health Estimates. Dr Claudine Backes (WHO) and Dr Emilie van Deventer (WHO) contributed to the early development of the estimation approach. Jessica CY Ho (WHO), Wahyu R Mahanani (WHO), Dr Bálint Náfrádi (ILO), Dr Annette M Prüss (WHO) and Dr Yuka Ujita provided feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript. Dr Ivan D Ivanov (WHO), Nancy Leppink (ILO), Franklin Muchiri (ILO), Dr Maria P Neira (WHO), Vera L Isaac Paquete-Perdigão (ILO) and Joaquim P Pintado Nunes (ILO) contributed to the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. Dr Maria P Neira and Vera L Isaac Paquete-Perdigão provided overall guidance. Funding Information: This modelling study was prepared with financial support to WHO from: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States of America (Grant 1E11OH0010676-02, Grant 6NE11OH010461-02-01 and Grant 5NE11OH010461-03-00); the German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG Germany) under the BMG-WHO Collaboration Programme 2020–2023 (WHO specified award ref. 70672); and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (AECID) (WHO specified award ref. 71208). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 International Labour Organization, World Health OrganizationBackground: A World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) systematic review reported sufficient evidence for higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) amongst people occupationally exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This article presents WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of global, regional, national and subnational occupational exposures to UVR for 195 countries/areas and the global, regional and national attributable burdens of NMSC for 183 countries, by sex and age group, for the years 2000, 2010 and 2019. Methods: We calculated population-attributable fractions (PAFs) from estimates of the population occupationally exposed to UVR and the risk ratio for NMSC from the WHO/ILO systematic review. Occupational exposure to UVR was modelled via proxy of occupation with outdoor work, using 166 million observations from 763 cross-sectional surveys for 96 countries/areas. Attributable NMSC burden was estimated by applying the PAFs to WHO's estimates of the total NMSC burden. Measures of inequality were calculated. Results: Globally in 2019, 1.6 billion workers (95 % uncertainty range [UR] 1.6–1.6) were occupationally exposed to UVR, or 28.4 % (UR 27.9–28.8) of the working-age population. The PAFs were 29.0 % (UR 24.7–35.0) for NMSC deaths and 30.4 % (UR 29.0–31.7) for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Attributable NMSC burdens were 18,960 deaths (UR 18,180–19,740) and 0.5 million DALYs (UR 0.4–0.5). Men and older age groups carried larger burden. Over 2000–2019, attributable deaths and DALYs almost doubled. Conclusions: WHO and the ILO estimate that occupational exposure to UVR is common and causes substantial, inequitable and growing attributable burden of NMSC. Governments must protect outdoor workers from hazardous exposure to UVR and attributable NMSC burden and inequalities.publishersversionpublishe

DNAm-based signatures of accelerated aging and mortality in blood are associated with low renal function

Background The difference between an individual's chronological and DNA methylation predicted age (DNAmAge), termed DNAmAge acceleration (DNAmAA), can capture life-long environmental exposures and age-related physiological changes reflected in methylation status. Several studies have linked DNAmAA to morbidity and mortality, yet its relationship with kidney function has not been assessed. We evaluated the associations between seven DNAm aging and lifespan predictors (as well as GrimAge components) and five kidney traits (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [uACR], serum urate, microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) in up to 9688 European, African American and Hispanic/Latino individuals from seven population-based studies. Results We identified 23 significant associations in our large trans-ethnic meta-analysis (p < 1.43E-03 and consistent direction of effect across studies). Age acceleration measured by the Extrinsic and PhenoAge estimators, as well as Zhang's 10-CpG epigenetic mortality risk score (MRS), were associated with all parameters of poor kidney health (lower eGFR, prevalent CKD, higher uACR, microalbuminuria and higher serum urate). Six of these associations were independently observed in European and African American populations. MRS in particular was consistently associated with eGFR (beta = - 0.12, 95% CI = [- 0.16, - 0.08] change in log-transformed eGFR per unit increase in MRS, p = 4.39E-08), prevalent CKD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.78 [1.47, 2.16], p = 2.71E-09) and higher serum urate levels (beta = 0.12 [0.07, 0.16], p = 2.08E-06). The first-generation clocks (Hannum, Horvath) and GrimAge showed different patterns of association with the kidney traits. Three of the DNAm-estimated components of GrimAge, namely adrenomedullin, plasminogen-activation inhibition 1 and pack years, were positively associated with higher uACR, serum urate and microalbuminuria. Conclusion DNAmAge acceleration and DNAm mortality predictors estimated in whole blood were associated with multiple kidney traits, including eGFR and CKD, in this multi-ethnic study. Epigenetic biomarkers which reflect the systemic effects of age-related mechanisms such as immunosenescence, inflammaging and oxidative stress may have important mechanistic or prognostic roles in kidney disease. Our study highlights new findings linking kidney disease to biological aging, and opportunities warranting future investigation into DNA methylation biomarkers for prognostic or risk stratification in kidney disease

Global, regional and national burdens of non-melanoma skin cancer attributable to occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation for 183 countries, 2000–2019 : A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury

Background: A World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) systematic review reported sufficient evidence for higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) amongst people occupationally exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This article presents WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of global, regional, national and subnational occupational exposures to UVR for 195 countries/areas and the global, regional and national attributable burdens of NMSC for 183 countries, by sex and age group, for the years 2000, 2010 and 2019. Methods: We calculated population-attributable fractions (PAFs) from estimates of the population occupationally exposed to UVR and the risk ratio for NMSC from the WHO/ILO systematic review. Occupational exposure to UVR was modelled via proxy of occupation with outdoor work, using 166 million observations from 763 cross-sectional surveys for 96 countries/areas. Attributable NMSC burden was estimated by applying the PAFs to WHO's estimates of the total NMSC burden. Measures of inequality were calculated. Results: Globally in 2019, 1.6 billion workers (95 % uncertainty range [UR] 1.6–1.6) were occupationally exposed to UVR, or 28.4 % (UR 27.9–28.8) of the working-age population. The PAFs were 29.0 % (UR 24.7–35.0) for NMSC deaths and 30.4 % (UR 29.0–31.7) for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Attributable NMSC burdens were 18,960 deaths (UR 18,180–19,740) and 0.5 million DALYs (UR 0.4–0.5). Men and older age groups carried larger burden. Over 2000–2019, attributable deaths and DALYs almost doubled. Conclusions: WHO and the ILO estimate that occupational exposure to UVR is common and causes substantial, inequitable and growing attributable burden of NMSC. Governments must protect outdoor workers from hazardous exposure to UVR and attributable NMSC burden and inequalities.Peer reviewe

MDR/XDR-TB management of patients and contacts: Challenges facing the new decade. The 2020 clinical update by the Global Tuberculosis Network.

The continuous flow of new research articles on MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation requires frequent update of existing guidelines. This review is aimed at providing clinicians and public health staff with an updated and easy-to-consult document arising from consensus of Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) experts. The core published documents and guidelines have been reviewed, including the recently published MDR-TB WHO rapid advice and ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA guidelines. After a rapid review of epidemiology and risk factors, the clinical priorities on MDR-TB diagnosis (including whole genome sequencing and drug-susceptibility testing interpretations) and treatment (treatment design and management, TB in children) are discussed. Furthermore, the review comprehensively describes the latest information on contact tracing and LTBI management in MDR-TB contacts, while providing guidance on post-treatment functional evaluation and rehabilitation of TB sequelae, infection control and other public health priorities

DNAm-based signatures of accelerated aging and mortality in blood are associated with low renal function

Background The difference between an individual's chronological and DNA methylation predicted age (DNAmAge), termed DNAmAge acceleration (DNAmAA), can capture life-long environmental exposures and age-related physiological changes reflected in methylation status. Several studies have linked DNAmAA to morbidity and mortality, yet its relationship with kidney function has not been assessed. We evaluated the associations between seven DNAm aging and lifespan predictors (as well as GrimAge components) and five kidney traits (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [uACR], serum urate, microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) in up to 9688 European, African American and Hispanic/Latino individuals from seven population-based studies. Results We identified 23 significant associations in our large trans-ethnic meta-analysis (p < 1.43E−03 and consistent direction of effect across studies). Age acceleration measured by the Extrinsic and PhenoAge estimators, as well as Zhang’s 10-CpG epigenetic mortality risk score (MRS), were associated with all parameters of poor kidney health (lower eGFR, prevalent CKD, higher uACR, microalbuminuria and higher serum urate). Six of these associations were independently observed in European and African American populations. MRS in particular was consistently associated with eGFR (β =  − 0.12, 95% CI = [− 0.16, − 0.08] change in log-transformed eGFR per unit increase in MRS, p = 4.39E−08), prevalent CKD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.78 [1.47, 2.16], p = 2.71E-09) and higher serum urate levels (β = 0.12 [0.07, 0.16], p = 2.08E−06). The “first-generation” clocks (Hannum, Horvath) and GrimAge showed different patterns of association with the kidney traits. Three of the DNAm-estimated components of GrimAge, namely adrenomedullin, plasminogen-activation inhibition 1 and pack years, were positively associated with higher uACR, serum urate and microalbuminuria. Conclusion DNAmAge acceleration and DNAm mortality predictors estimated in whole blood were associated with multiple kidney traits, including eGFR and CKD, in this multi-ethnic study. Epigenetic biomarkers which reflect the systemic effects of age-related mechanisms such as immunosenescence, inflammaging and oxidative stress may have important mechanistic or prognostic roles in kidney disease. Our study highlights new findings linking kidney disease to biological aging, and opportunities warranting future investigation into DNA methylation biomarkers for prognostic or risk stratification in kidney disease

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries