Examining the relationship between organizational commitments of Staffs and providing optimal services to clients of Tabriz public libraries.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify important and effective factors on organizational commitment and providing optimal services to clients of Tabriz public library. This research is an applicable research and date collection methods, is descriptive of correlation kind. In this research, the statistic population contains all staff of Tabriz Library in 2013, who are 115

Interpretation of the subject\u27s performance

Abstract— This article describes the methods of interpretation of the performance of the student testing and other types of assessments to review. This method of interpretation, part of the technical evaluation of the base make up smart interpretation of student performance. for the use of educational evaluation information is critical. Create or choose the appropriate test to determine the reliability and validity of any and all the important topics covered.Because it must make intelligent interpretation and use of the information. We have the right to interpret the position of the student\u27s performance in the test, and in fact any kind of raw information we provide. Two broad categories of methods that help to such interpretation. On the interpretation of the normative reference with the performance of a student in connection with the performance of other students in the same test or homework every.In the commentary by reference to student performance benchmarks in relation to well-defined sets of content or a set of skills to interpret.There are three main types of norms: a percentage, in terms of norms and standard ratings. Each type of norms of strengths and weaknesses.An important theorem in the application of the norm of the nature of group norm. The group includes a variety of national, international norms norm, the convenience of the user, the local subgroup, and institutional.The interpretation of the reference with the criteria usually needs is someone who is a teacher, often The judgment about what\u27s appropriate or acceptable performance is good.A special application of the interpretation of the criterion with reference to performance standards. A lot of ways there are to complete this issue. Often the judgment procedures to the Standards Board will appear.Self-referential in very specific behaviors of the duplicate that frequently have managed, especially for identifying changes in performance with the passing of time

Examining the relationship between organizational commitments of Staffs and providing optimal services to clients of Tabriz public libraries.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify important and effective factors on organizational commitment and providing optimal services to clients of Tabriz public library. This research is an applicable research and date collection methods, is descriptive of correlation kind. In this research, the statistic population contains all staff of Tabriz Library in 2013, who are 115

Lithospheric structure of the Eastern Iranian plateau from integrated geophysical modeling: a transect from Makran to the Turan platform

International audienceWe present a 2D profile of density and temperature distribution in the lithosphere across Iran along a more than 1600 km long profile extending from the Oman Gulf in the South to the Kopeh-Dagh and the Turan platform in the North. Gravity, geoid, topography and surface heat flow data were used for modeling, assuming local isostatic equilibrium. As much as possible, crustal structure has been constrained by seismic data. Crustal thickening is found under the Taftan-Bazman volcanic-arc (up to 47 km), under the Binalud foreland (∼54 km) and beneath the Kopeh-Dagh mountains (up to 50 km) whereas thin crust has been obtained under the Oman Gulf (20 km). Moho depth under the Lut block and the Turan platform is about 40 km. The lithospheric thickness is ∼90 km under the Oman Gulf and increases slightly until the Jazmourian depression. Then the lithospheric-asthenospheric boundary (LAB) bends significantly and sinks to ∼260 km under the Taftan-Bazman volcanic-arc. The LAB depth is about 190 km beneath the Lut block. A slight increase of LAB depth under the Binalud foreland towards the North may indicate a suture zone. Under the Turan platform, the LAB depth reaches ∼210 km. We also modeled two possible positions of the deep suture zone in NE Iran (along the main Kopeh-Dagh fault or along the Atrak River) and concluded that, when the suture zone is along the Atrak River, we obtained the better fit between calculated and measured data

Lithospheric structure of the Eastern Iranian plateau from integrated geophysical modeling: A transect from Makran to the Turan platform

International audienceWe present a 2D profile of density and temperature distribution in the lithosphere across Iran along a more than 1600 km long profile extending from the Oman Gulf in the South to the Kopeh-Dagh and the Turan platform in the North. Gravity, geoid, topography and surface heat flow data were used for modeling, assuming local isostatic equilibrium. As much as possible, crustal structure has been constrained by seismic data. Crustal thickening is found under the Taftan-Bazman volcanic-arc (up to 47 km), under the Binalud foreland (∼54 km) and beneath the Kopeh-Dagh mountains (up to 50 km) whereas thin crust has been obtained under the Oman Gulf (20 km). Moho depth under the Lut block and the Turan platform is about 40 km. The lithospheric thickness is ∼90 km under the Oman Gulf and increases slightly until the Jazmourian depression. Then the lithospheric-asthenospheric boundary (LAB) bends significantly and sinks to ∼260 km under the Taftan-Bazman volcanic-arc. The LAB depth is about 190 km beneath the Lut block. A slight increase of LAB depth under the Binalud foreland towards the North may indicate a suture zone. Under the Turan platform, the LAB depth reaches ∼210 km. We also modeled two possible positions of the deep suture zone in NE Iran (along the main Kopeh-Dagh fault or along the Atrak River) and concluded that, when the suture zone is along the Atrak River, we obtained the better fit between calculated and measured data

A comprehensive lithospheric study of Black Sea using thermal modeling and simultaneous joint 3D inversion of potential field data

International audienceWe present a comprehensive lithospheric model of the Black Sea comprised of thermal structure, sediment thickness, and depths to Moho and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The crustal structure (depths to Moho boundary and basement) is first estimated via a simultaneous joint 3D nonlinear inversion of satellite gravity data and the Gzz component of gravity gradiometry tensors. The results are then used for detailed 2D iterative forward modeling of potential field data based on the thermal structure of the lithosphere. In addition to potential field data, heat flow measurements are used for the iterative forward modeling. Eight 2D profiles across the Black Sea were selected to achieve a full coverage of the main geological structures. The average depth to basement is estimated as 10-11 km in the East Black Sea (EBS) basin and 11-12 km in the West Black Sea (WBS) basin. The average depth to basement beneath the ridges is estimated between 2 and 5 km. The modeling results show a mean thickness of 20 km and 21 km for the crust and 150 and 100 km for the lithosphere in the central parts of EBS and WBS, respectively. While the lithosphere is thicker in the EBS than in the WBS, a LAB uplift in the central basins is obvious in the reconstructed model. Also, the calculated surface heat flow is highest at the ridges while the lowest values are found over thick sediments in the central basins. After correcting the calculated heat flow data for the sedimentation effect, the resulting values match the published measurements indicating the reliability of the obtained thermal structure for the Black Sea

Multiscale nonlinear inversion of gravity data for depth-to-basement estimation via coupled stochastic-deterministic optimization

International audienceWe have developed a multiscale approach for solving 2D and 3D nonlinear inverse problems of gravity data in estimating the basement topography. The inversion is carried out in two stages in which the long-wavelength features of the basement are first estimated from smoothed gravity data via a stochastic optimization algorithm. The solution of this stage is used as the starting model for a deterministic optimization algorithm to reconstruct the short-wavelength features from the full-spectrum gravity data. The forward problem is capable of handling lateral and vertical variations in the density of sediments. Two cases are considered regarding prior knowledge about the density: (1) The density contrast between sediments at the surface and the underlying basement and its vertical variations are a priori known, and (2) only the density contrast at the surface is known with its vertical gradient to be recovered in the inversion. In the former case, the unknowns of the problem are the depths, whereas in the latter case, they are the depths and density gradients defined individually for each prism. Therefore, the inverse problem is ill-posed and has many local minima. The stochastic optimization algorithm uses a random initial model and estimates a coarse model of the basement topography. By repeating the stochastic inversion, an ensemble of solutions is formed defining an equivalent domain in the model space supposed to be within the neighborhood of the global minimum of which several starting solutions are extracted for the secondary deterministic inversion. The presented methodology has been tested successfully in converging to the global minima in 2D and 3D cases with 50 and 2352 total number of prisms, respectively. Finally, the inversion algorithm is used to calculate the thickness of the sediments in the South Caspian Basin using the EIGEN-6c4 global gravity model