Structured illumination microscopy using micro-pixellated light-emitting diodes

Structured illumination is a flexible and economical method of obtaining optical sectioning in wide-field microscopy [1]. In this technique the illumination system is modified to project a single-spatial frequency grid pattern onto the sample [2, 3]. The pattern can only be resolved in the focal plane and by recording images for different transverse grid positions (or phases) an image of the in-focus parts of the object can be calculated. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming increasingly popular for lighting and illumination systems due to their low cost, small dimensions, low coherence, uniform illumination, high efficiency and long lifetime. These properties, together with recent developments in high brightness, ultraviolet operation and microstructured emitter design offer great potential for LEDs as light sources for microscopy. In this paper we demonstrate a novel structured illumination microscope using a blue micro-structured light emitting diode as the illumination source. The system is potentially very compact and has no-moving-parts

Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental phenotypes diagnosed in more than 1% of children. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ASD susceptibility, but to date no individual variants have been robustly associated with ASD. With a marked sample-size increase from a unique Danish population resource, we report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 18,381 individuals with ASD and 27,969 controls that identified five genome-wide-significant loci. Leveraging GWAS results from three phenotypes with significantly overlapping genetic architectures (schizophrenia, major depression, and educational attainment), we identified seven additional loci shared with other traits at equally strict significance levels. Dissecting the polygenic architecture, we found both quantitative and qualitative polygenic heterogeneity across ASD subtypes. These results highlight biological insights, particularly relating to neuronal function and corticogenesis, and establish that GWAS performed at scale will be much more productive in the near term in ASD.Peer reviewe

THE IMMATURE STAGES OF PARADASYHELEA MINUTA WIRTH AND LEE WITH A NOTE ON ADULT ANTENNAL SENSILLA AND A DISCUSSION ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GENUS PARADASYHELEA MACFIE

The 4th stage larva and pupa of Paradasyhelea minuta Wirth and Lee are described and their relationships with immatures of other ceratopogonids discussed. Paradasyhelea Macfie is most closely related to Culicoides Latreille. The distribution of antennal sensory pits is given for both sexes. Copyrigh

THE UNDESCRIBED MALE AND IMMATURE STAGES OF CULICOIDES INTERROGATUS LEE AND REYE

The species Culicoides interrogatus Lee and Reye was previously known from 6 females collected in New South Wales. This paper describes the breeding site, the unknown male and immature stages (pupa, 2nd, 3rd and 4th larval instars) based on material collected at Granite Creek, Queensland

THE IMMATURE STAGES OF SOME AUSTRALIAN CULICOIDES LATREILLE (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)

Descriptions are given of the third and fourth instar larvae and pupae of nine species of Australian Culicoides (C. angularis Lee and Reye, C. austropalpalis Lee and Reye, C. brevitarsis Kieffer, C. marksi Lee and Reye, C. marmoratus (Skuse), C. molestus (Skuse), C. narrabeenensis Lee and Reye (larval descriptions incomplete), C. subimmaculatus Lee and Reye and C. victoriae Macfie). Additional information is given on the larval setae of four other species of Culicoidini—C. gladysae Kettle, Elson and Dyce, C. interrogatus Lee and Reye, C. belkini Wirth and Arnaud and Paradasyhelea minuta Wirth and Lee. Keys are provided for fourth instar larvae and pupae of all 13 species. Copyrigh

Optical sectioning microscopes with no moving parts using a micro-stripe array light emitting diode

We describe an optical sectioning microscopy system with no moving parts based on a micro-structured stripe-array light emitting diode (LED). By projecting arbitrary line or grid patterns onto the object, we are able to implement a variety of optical sectioning microscopy techniques such as grid-projection structured illumination and line scanning confocal microscopy, switching from one imaging technique to another without modifying the microscope setup. The micro-structured LED and driver are detailed and depth discrimination capabilities are measured and calculated

Structured illumination microscopy using light-emitting diodes

This paper covers structured illumination microscopy using light-emitting diodes. It was presented at Photon06 conference, the UK's premier conference in optics and photonics