Antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic bacteria isolated from environmental samples of the food production facilities

Foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, may be present at various stages of production. The overuse of antibiotics over the past few decades has led to the emergence of many antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including foodborne pathogens. We investigated the sensitivity of Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogenes to various antibiotics. Studied strains of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. they showed resistance to tetracycline, which totaled 66.7%. High resistance of strains to ampicillin was also noted (57.14%). All strains were sensitive to amikacin, azithromycin, Meropenem, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin. All strains of Salmonella spp. were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G. Resistance to streptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 91.7%. All strains of L. monocytogenes were resistant to nalidixic acid. 22.2% of the strains showed resistance to tetracycline and cefepime. 11.1% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

The role of monitoring production environment facilities to support microbiological safety and food quality in meat processing plants

The results of many studies prove the microbiota of the surfaces of the production environment can be a source of food contamination. Environmental monitoring allows to identify problem areas in the enterprise and take corrective actions to eliminate them. This work is conducted to the analysis of the microbiota of abiotic objects selected in the area of close proximity to food products at a pork processing plant by sequencing the 16S RNA gene. The phylum Proteobacteria (from 37.7 to 73.6%), Firmicutes (from 0.14 to 18.6%), Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were the dominant components of the microbial communities of the meat processing enterprise. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were found in all samples, the number of readings of these bacteria ranged from 1.90% to 28.76% of the total number of readings. Bacteria of the genus Brochotrix were found in samples from 0.02% to 2.75%. The identification of this phylum indicates the potential presence of pathogenic microorganisms and spoilage microorganisms at production facilities, which can negatively affect the quality and safety of food products

Antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic bacteria isolated from environmental samples of the food production facilities

Foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, may be present at various stages of production. The overuse of antibiotics over the past few decades has led to the emergence of many antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including foodborne pathogens. We investigated the sensitivity of Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogenes to various antibiotics. Studied strains of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. they showed resistance to tetracycline, which totaled 66.7%. High resistance of strains to ampicillin was also noted (57.14%). All strains were sensitive to amikacin, azithromycin, Meropenem, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin. All strains of Salmonella spp. were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G. Resistance to streptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 91.7%. All strains of L. monocytogenes were resistant to nalidixic acid. 22.2% of the strains showed resistance to tetracycline and cefepime. 11.1% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Microbial Biofilms at Meat-Processing Plant as Possible Places of Bacteria Survival

Biofilm contamination in food production threatens food quality and safety, and causes bacterial infections. Study of food biofilms (BF) is of great importance. The taxonomic composition and structural organization of five foods BF taken in different workshops of a meat-processing plant (Moscow, RF) were studied. Samples were taken from the surface of technological equipment and premises. Metagenomic analysis showed both similarities in the presented microorganisms dominating in different samples, and unique families prevailing on certain objects were noted. The bacteria found belonged to 11 phyla (no archaea). The dominant ones were Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The greatest diversity was in BFs taken from the cutting table of raw material. Biofilms’ bacteria may be the cause of meat, fish and dairy products spoilage possible representatives include Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Arcobacter, Vagococcus, Chryseobacterium, Carnobacterium, etc.). Opportunistic human and animal pathogens (possible representatives include Arcobacter, Corynebacterium, Kocuria, etc.) were also found. Electron-microscopic studies of BF thin sections revealed the following: (1) the diversity of cell morphotypes specific to multispecies BFs; (2) morphological similarity of cells in BFs from different samples, micro-colonial growth; (3) age heterogeneity of cells within the same microcolony (vegetative and autolyzed cells, resting forms); (4) heterogeneity of the polymer matrix chemical nature according to ruthenium red staining

Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Humans, Animals, and Food Products in Russia in 1950–1980, 2000–2005, and 2018–2021

Susceptibility of 117 L. monocytogenes strains isolated during three time periods (1950–1980; 2000–2005, and 2018–2021) to 23 antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method. All strains were sensitive to aminoglycosides (gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin), glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin), clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to clindamycin was observed in 35.5% of strains. Resistance to carbapenems, imipenem and meropenem was found in 4% and 5% of strains, respectively. Resistance to erythromycin, penicillin G, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin was found in 4%, 3%, 3%, and 2.5% of strains, respectively. Resistance to tylosin, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline was found in less than 2%. Three strains with multiple antibiotic resistance and 12 strains with resistance to two antibiotics were revealed. Comparison of strains isolated in different time periods showed that the percentage of resistant strains was the lowest among strains isolated before 1980, and no strains with multiple antibiotic resistance were found among them. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the temporal evolution of resistance in L. monocytogenes has an antibiotic-specific character. While resistance to some antibiotics such as ampicillin and penicillin G has gradually decreased in the population, resistance to other antibiotics acquired by particular strains in recent years has not been accompanied by changes in resistance of other strains

Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Serotypes and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Multiresistant Strains Isolated from Food Products in Russia

Food products may be a source of Salmonella, one of the main causal agents of food poisoning, especially after the emergence of strains resistant to antimicrobial preparations. The present work dealt with investigation of the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial preparations among S. enterica strains isolated from food. The isolates belonged to 11 serovars, among which Infantis (28%), Enteritidis (19%), and Typhimurium (13.4%) predominated. The isolates were most commonly resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 19, 59.38%), cefazolin (n = 15, 46.86%), tetracycline (n = 13, 40.63%), and amikacin (n = 9, 28.13%). Most of the strains (68.75%) exhibited multiple resistance to commonly used antibiotics. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyse three multidrug-resistant strains (resistant to six or more antibiotics). Two of them (SZL 30 and SZL 31) belonged to S. Infantis, while one strain belonged to S. Typhimurium (SZL 38). Analysis of the genomes of the sequenced strains revealed the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance. In the genomes of strains SZL 30 and SZL 31 the genes of antibiotic resistance were shown to be localized mostly in integrons within plasmids, while most of the antibiotic resistance genes of strain SZL 38 were localized in a chromosomal island (17,949 nt). Genomes of the Salmonella strains SZL 30, SZL 31, and SZL 38 were shown to contain full-size pathogenicity islands: SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-4, SPI-5, SPI-9, SPI-11, SPI-13, SPI-14, and CS54. Moreover, the genome of strain SZL 38 was also found to contain the full-size pathogenicity islands SPI-3, SPI-6, SPI-12, and SPI-16. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of various Salmonella serovars indicates that further research on the transmission pathways for these genetic determinants and monitoring of the distribution of these microorganisms are necessary

Impacts of changing climate on the non-indigenous invertebrates in the northern Baltic Sea by end of the twenty-first century

Biological invasions coupled with climate change drive changes in marine biodiversity. Warming climate and changes in hydrology may either enable or hinder the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS) and little is known about how climate change modifies the richness and impacts of NIS in specific sea areas. We calculated from climate change simulations (RCO-SCOBI model) the changes in summer time conditions which northern Baltic Sea may to go through by the end of the twenty-first century, e.g., 2-5 A degrees C sea surface temperature rise and even up to 1.75 unit decrease in salinity. We reviewed the temperature and salinity tolerances (i.e., physiological tolerances and occurrence ranges in the field) of pelagic and benthic NIS established in-or with dispersal potential to-the northern Baltic Sea, and assessed how climate change will likely affect them. Our findings suggest a future decrease in barnacle larvae and an increase in Ponto-Caspian cladocerans in the pelagic community. In benthos, polychaetes, gastropods and decapods may become less abundant. By contrast, dreissenid bivalves, amphipods and mysids are expected to widen their distribution and increase in abundance in the coastal areas of the northern Baltic Sea. Potential salinity decrease acts as a major driver for NIS biogeography in the northern Baltic Sea, but temperature increase and extended summer season allow higher reproduction success in bivalves, zooplankton, amphipods and mysids. Successful NIS, i.e., coastal crustacean and bivalve species, pose a risk to native biota, as many of them have already demonstrated harmful effects in the Baltic Sea