Construcción del cuestionario de evaluación de riesgos psicosociales en la Policía Local (CERPPoL)

[ES]Antecedentes. Las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad desarrollan una función social que somete a este colectivo profesional a tensiones y dificultades que generan un elevado grado de estrés. En España, los cuerpos de ámbito estatal y autonómico están amparados por una legislación que ha posibilitado la creación de estructuras y órganos de prevención de los riesgos psicosociales a que se exponen los agentes. Sin embargo, las Policías Locales se hallan más desprotegidas en esta cuestión, debido a la dispersión e independencia de estos cuerpos en el ámbito nacional. Por ello, es necesario desarrollar desde la Psicología de la Salud Laboral un marco teórico y empírico que proporcione medios de evaluación e intervención en materia de problemas psicosociales, que posibiliten la adecuada gestión de la salud de estos profesionales. Objetivo. Con la realización de esta tesis, se pretende elaborar y poner a prueba un cuestionario de evaluación de riesgos psicosociales dirigido específicamente a las Policías Locales, que se base en un estudio riguroso y profundo de la problemática a que se ven sometidos estos cuerpos, que reúna las características psicométricas apropiadas y que permita la medición de los factores de riesgo psicosocial y de los niveles de estrés de estos agentes. Método. Para el logro del mencionado propósito, se han desarrollado tres estudios sucesivos, en un diseño transversal y prospectivo de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo. El primero, de carácter cualitativo, aplicado mediante grupos de discusión en dos zonas geográficas de España, estaba orientado a proporcionar una visión previa de los estresores habituales en la profesión y pondría las bases para dar los siguientes pasos. El segundo, de tipo cuantitativo, se llevó a cabo sobre 869 agentes de todo el territorio nacional y permitió la construcción del citado cuestionario, mediante procedimientos de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, con las garantías psicométricas apropiadas. El tercero, también cuantitativo, sirvió para poner a prueba este instrumento, posibilitando la elaboración de un perfil básico de factores de riesgo y niveles de distrés presentes en la muestra elegida para el estudio anterior. Resultados. El Cuestionario de Evaluación de Riesgos Psicosociales en la Policía Local –CERPPoL– es un instrumento formado por 75 ítems que mide la presencia de once tipos de factores de riesgo psicosocial y el nivel de estrés que estos generan en los policías locales, presentando una fiabilidad y validez adecuadas. Conclusiones. El desarrollo de esta tesis proporciona un cuestionario de evaluación psicosocial que posibilita su aplicación para futuras investigaciones sobre la materia y que también permite su utilización como herramienta de análisis y prevención de riesgos laborales en los cuerpos de Policía Local. [EN]Background. Law Enforcement Forces perform a social function that subjects this professional group to tensions and difficulties that generate a high degree of stress. In Spain, state and regional police forces are protected by legislation that has made it possible to create structures and institutions for the prevention of psychosocial risks to which agents are exposed. However, the Local Police is more unprotected in this matter, due to the dispersion and independence of these forces at a national level. For this reason, it is necessary to develop from the Occupational Health Psychology a theoretical and empirical framework that provides means of evaluation and intervention in matters of psychosocial problems, which make possible the adequate management of these professional’s health. Aim. Through this dissertation, it is intended to develop and test a psychosocial risk assessment questionnaire specifically addressed to the Local Police, which is based on a rigorous and in-depth study of the problems to which these police forces are subjected, with the appropriate psychometric characteristics and that allows the measurement of psychosocial risk factors and stress levels of these agents. Method. To achieve this purpose, three successive studies have been developed, in a cross-sectional, prospective and qualitative – quantitative design. The first qualitative study, applied through discussion groups in two Spanish geographical areas, was aimed at providing a preliminary vision of the usual stressors in the profession and would lay the foundations for taking the following steps. The second quantitative study was carried out on 869 agents throughout the national territory, and allowed the construction of the aforementioned questionnaire, through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis procedures, with the appropriate psychometric guarantees. The third quantitative study was aimed to test this instrument, making it possible to draw up a basic profile of risk factors and levels of distress present in the sample chosen for the previous study. Outcomes. The Cuestionario de Evaluación de Riesgos Psicosociales en la Policía Local [Psychosocial Risk Assessment Questionnaire in the Local Police] –CERPPoL– is an instrument composed by 75 items that measures the presence of eleven kinds of psychosocial risk factors and the level of stress they generate in local police officers, presenting adequate reliability and validity. Conclusions. The development of this dissertation provides a psychosocial evaluation questionnaire that enables its application for future research on the subject and that also allows its use as a tool for analysis and prevention of occupational risks in the Local Police forces

Innovación y desarrollo de nuevos recursos y metodologías docentes para la mejora en la adaptación virtual de la formación de posgrado del Máster en Psicosalud Laboral de la Universidad de Salamanca en el marco de la EEES

Memoria ID-016 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 7

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 7, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Los chiles que le dan sabor al mundo

El chile es el condimento de la vida en diversas culturas del mundo. México es centro de origen y diversificación de la especie domesticada Capsicum annuum L, por lo que el chile se convirtió en elemento identitario y patrimonio biocultural de la nación. A pesar de la importancia de esta planta, desde la academia, se tienen pocos estudios integradores que analicen las complejas relaciones entre los chiles y los diferentes factores bióticos, abióticos y socioculturales que hacen posible su permanencia en el tiempo y el espacio. Este libro está conformado por 21 contribuciones de diversas mentes creativas como cocineras tradicionales, chefs, así como investigadoras e investigadores de las ciencias naturales y sociales que describen y analizan al chile mexicano con diferentes aproximaciones metodológicas y narrativas. Las evidencias presentadas desde diferentes disciplinas resaltan el uso continuo del chile como un condimento, alimento y elemento identitario en esta región del mundo. Queremos que el público lector disfrute de nuestro picante y -esperemos- sabroso compendio