Comparison between Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab as Preoperative Measure for Diabetic Vitrectomy

Purpose: In order to examine the parameters of surgical operation between intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab as adjuvant therapy before pars plana vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Patients & methods:A randomized clinical study on 68 eyes, the patients are classified into two groups, group A (n = 34), and group B (n =34), both groups injected by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor before vitrectomy operation, group A injected by Bevacizumab and group B injected by Ranibizumab, the duration between injection and the operation was 3-6 days, the basic data of each patient include vision, type of DM, duration of DM, level of HbA1c, during the operation we record the following parameters diathermy application number, breaks, bleeding, bottle height, and type of tamponade. Results: The mean BCVA was improved from base line to post- operative in both groups without statistically difference between the groups p value =0.231, diathermy application was one application in 30.3% in group A and 32.4% in group B, and two applications in 15.2% in group A and 2.9% in group B. break was one break in 23.5% in group A and 20.6% in group B. two breaks in 2.9% in each group. Bleeding was in 16 cases in group A and 17 cases in group B. tamponade was silicon in 58.8% in group A and 52.9% in group B, fluid tamponade was 38.3% in group A and 44.2% in group B, air tamponade was one case in each group. without statistical difference between groups. Conclusion: When administered preoperatively during a diabetic vitrectomy procedure, there is no difference between bevacizumab and ranibizumab

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Improvement the physico-chemical characteristics of diesel fuel using gamma irradiation

The effect of gamma irradiation on physico-chemical properties of petro-diesel fuel using different rate and absorbed doses has been studied. The diesel fuel samples were exposed to gamma radiation for 1.3 h using different absorbed doses: 3, 6, 10, and 15 kGy, with dose rates 2.27, 4.5, 7.4, and 11.15 kGy/h, respectively. Physico-chemical characteristics of diesel fuel were determined according to the standard test methods assigned by ASTM, characteristics are: cetane number, distillation recovery points, flash point, calorific value, density, and kinematic viscosity. The effect of gamma irradiation doses on organic compounds of diesel fuel was study using GC/MS technique. Experimental results show that the density, distillation, kinematic viscosity and flash point were decreased at absorbed doses 3, 6 and 15 kGy whereas increases at 10 kGy, corresponding with rate doses. Cetane number of diesel fuel increased after exposure to 3, 6, and 15 kGy but decreased at 10 kGy. These results can be attributed to the broken and formed bonds as a result of the high applied energy. The formed fragments at (10 kGy; 7.5 kGy/h) made a new compounds that have physical parameters affected negatively on the overall properties of diesel fuel. The formed fragments in diesel fuel after exposed to 3, 6, and 15 kGy (2.27, 4.5, and 11.15 kGy/h) have converted some of cyclic, aromatic, and branched organic compounds to linear hydrocarbons, which supported increasing of cetane number to 54. All characteristics have been improved within limits assigned by ASTM. ©2021, Sociedad Química de México

Common computed tomography artifact: source and avoidance

Abstract Background Artifacts have significantly degraded the quality of computed tomography (CT) images, to the extent of making them unusable for diagnosis. The types of artifact that could be used are as follows: (a) streaking, which is commonly due to a discrepancy in a single measurement, (b) shading, which is due to a group of channels deviating gradually from the true measurement, (c) rings, which are due to errors in individual detector calibration and (d) distortion, which is due to helical reconstruction. It is occasionally possible to avoid scanning of a bony area, by means of changing the postion of the patient. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the common artifacts that affect image quality and the method of correction to improve image quality. Results The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire to the CT technologist at different hospitals about the most common type of artifacts in the CT images, source of artifacts and methods of correction. A total of 95 CT technologists responded to the questionnaire, which included 67% males and 33% females. Most of the participants (70%) were experienced CT technologists, and 61% of the participants had not done any subspecialty CT scan courses. The most common artifact used in the CT departments was motion artifact in brain CT (73%), and the best method to reduce motion artifact was patient preparation (87%). Conclusions The most common shown artifact in this study was motion artifact, and the common cause was the patient-based artifact. It is important to understand why objects occur and how they could be prevented or suppressed to improve image quality