Limit theorems on lag increments of a Gaussian process

This paper aims to establish limit theorems on the lag increments of a centered Gaussian process on a probability space in a general form under consideration of some convenient different statements

Monitoring and Modeling of Fayoum Distribution Networks According to Trihalomethanes Formation

This paper  aimed to predict THMs con. in water networks having multiple feeding sources.  Results showed that the THMs con. in all the selected points in the distribution network of Fayoum, Egypt was less than the maximum  acceptable con. A statistically-based empirical models were developed for predicting THMs formation under different condition. The first model was developed to predict THMs con. at the exit of the conventional WTPs with R2 = 0.83. The second model was developed to predict THMs con. at the exit of the Direct filtration WTPs with R2= 0.842. The third model was developed to predict THMs con. for water supply networks having one feeding source with R2 = 0.856. The fourth model was developed to predict THMs con. for water supply networks having multi-feeding sources with R2 = 0.555. Furthermore, WaterCad program was used to predict THMs con. at FWSN with 1.55 day-1 THMs growth rate. Keywords: Trihalomethanes, Disinfections by-products, Distribution network

Treatment of Industrial Oil and Soap Wastewater by Using the Application of Electrocoagulation Process

Electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of oily and soap industrial wastewater was studied in this paper. Operating parameters such as operating time, medium pH, voltage density, and electrode material and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are being investigated in oil and soap removal efficiencies. The maximum efficiency of COD removal is achieved using aluminum electrodes was 96.92%. The performance of EC using aluminum as the electrode exhibited better COD and oil-grease (O&G) removal than the iron electrode. EC is an extremely promising industrial wastewater treatment technique because it is simple, economic and less sludge production technology, especially for oil and soap wastewater. The optimum conditions to achieve high COD removal efficiency of about 96.92% in 30 min was found to be in using initial pH value range 2–3, and a voltage of 20 volts

JPD-Coloring of the Monohedral Tiling for the Plane

We introduce a definition of coloring by using joint probability distribution “JPD-coloring” for the plane which is equipped by tiling I. We investigate the JPD-coloring of the r-monohedral tiling for the plane by mutually congruent regular convex polygons which are equilateral triangles at r = 3 or squares at r = 4 or regular hexagons at r = 6. Moreover we present some computations for determining the corresponding probability values which are used to color in the three studied cases by MAPLE-Package

How copepods can eat toxins without getting sick - gut bacteria help zooplankton to feed in cyanobacteria blooms

Toxin-producing cyanobacteria can be harmful to aquatic biota, although some grazers utilize them with often beneficial effects on their growth and reproduction. It is commonly assumed that gut microbiota facilitates host adaptation to the diet; however, the evidence for adaptation mechanisms is scarce. Here, we investigated the abundance of mlrA genes in the gut of the Baltic copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis during cyanobacteria bloom season (August) and outside it (February). The mlrA genes are unique to microcystin and nodularin degraders, thus indicating the capacity to break down these toxins by the microbiota. The mlrA genes were expressed in the copepod gut year-round, being >10-fold higher in the summer than in the winter populations. Moreover, they were significantly more abundant in Eurytemora than Acartia. To understand the ecological implications of this variability, we conducted feeding experiments using summer- and winter-collected copepods to examine if/how the mlrA abundance in the microbiota affect: (1) uptake of toxic Nodularia spumigena, (2) uptake of a non-toxic algal food offered in mixtures with N. spumigena, and (3) concomitant growth potential in the copepods. The findings provide empirical evidence that the occurrence of mlrA genes in the copepod microbiome facilitates nutrient uptake and growth when feeding on phytoplankton mixtures containing nodularin-producing cyanobacteria; thus, providing an adaptation mechanism to the cyanobacteria blooms

Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria Support Copepod Reproduction and Development in the Baltic Sea

Peer reviewe

Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the marine diazotroph Trichodesmium IMS101 under varying temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations

We examined the influence of forecasted changes in global temperatures and pCO2 on N2 fixation and assimilation in the ecologically important cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. Changes of mRNA transcripts (nifH, glnA, hetR, psbA, psaB), protein (nitrogenase, glutamine synthetase) pools and enzymatic activity (nitrogenase) were measured under varying pCO2 and temperatures. High pCO2 shifted transcript patterns of all genes, resulting in a more synchronized diel expression. Under the same conditions, we did not observe any significant changes in the protein pools or in total cellular allocations of carbon and nitrogen (i.e. C : N ratio remained stable). Independently of temperature, high pCO2 (900 µatm) elevated N2 fixation rates. Levels of the key enzymes, nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase that mediate nitrogen assimilation did not increase, implying that the high pCO2 allowed higher reaction turnover rates through these key enzymes. Moreover, increased temperatures and high pCO2 resulted in higher C : P ratios. The plasticity in phosphorous stoichiometry combined with higher enzymatic efficiencies lead to higher growth rates. In cyanobacteria photosynthesis, carbon uptake, respiration, N2 fixation and nitrogen assimilation share cellular components. We propose that shifted cellular resource and energy allocation among those components will enable Trichodesmium grown at elevated temperatures and pCO2 to extend its niche in the future ocean, through both tolerance of a broader temperature range and higher P plasticity

Insights into the Physiology and Ecology of the Brackish-Water-Adapted Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena CCY9414 Based on a Genome-Transcriptome Analysis

Peer reviewe