Simulation of Ammonia Production using HYSYS Software

Now-a-days, Because of cost and time consuming in the design of plants chemical engineer used simulators to simulate design and operation of chemical equipment and plant,  which spares a great deal of time and cash.Today, there are many number of the simulators are refreshed and utilized in the simulation of chemical equipment and plant such as ChemCad, ProII, UniSim……..etc. Among of these simulators, Aspen Hysys is the most utilized programming in all ventures because of aiding in two noteworthy fields (design & operation). Simulation of ammonia synthesis process is done on Aspen Hysys V8.8 with steady state mode making some assumptions and using hypothetical reactors ammonia. By fluctuating the distinctive parameters in this simulation environment, the impact of these parameters in the generation rate of the procedure are watched. Keywords: Ammonia, Simulation, Aspen Hysys DOI: 10.7176/CPER/62-03 Publication date: January 31st 202

A Multiple-Objective Environmental Rationalization and Optimization for Material Substitution in the Production of Stone-Washed Jeans- Garments

As the Textile Industry is the second largest industry in Egypt and as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make up a great portion of this industry therein it is essential to apply the concept of Cleaner Production for the purpose of reducing pollution. In order to achieve this goal, a case study concerned with ecofriendly stone-washing of jeans-garments was investigated. A raw material-substitution option was adopted whereby the toxic potassium permanganate and sodium sulfide were replaced by the environmentally compatible hydrogen peroxide and glucose respectively where the concentrations of both replaced chemicals together with the operating time were optimized. In addition, a process-rationalization option involving four additional processes was investigated. By means of criteria such as product quality, effluent analysis, mass and heat balance; and cost analysis with the aid of a statistical model, a process optimization treatment revealed that the superior process optima were 50%, 0.15% and 50min for H2O2 concentration, glucose concentration and time, respectively. With these values the superior process ought to reduce the annual cost by about EGP 105 relative to the currently used conventional method

Adsorption of Co(II) on nanobentonite surface:Kinetic and equilibrium studies

461-470The ability of selected adsorbents such as nano bentonite to remove Co (II) ions from wastewater at different conditions as contact time, amount of adsorbent, temperature, initial concentration, and pH has been studied and reported. In order to find out thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, equilibrium adsorption models have been applied. Although experimental datais confirmed with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Adsorption rate constant has been determined from Lagergren Equation and pseudo-second order  Equations.   Freundlich model has a better correlation coefficient (R2) than the Langmuir model for the studied concentrations at 25°C also Tempkin isotherm is applied. Another important result withdrawn from the values of thermodynamic parameters can be stated as, negative value of ΔG° and positive value of the ΔS° show that the adsorption of Co(II) ions onto both adsorbents is a spontaneous process and positive value of ΔH° indicates that the adsorption is endothermic in nature. Finally, it can be seen that the pseudo-second order equation provide the best correlation coefficient (R2) for the adsorption data

Soluble HLA-G: A novel marker in acute myeloid leukemia patients

Objective: to study soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in Egyptian acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. HLA-G is speculated to be a tumor-driven immune escape mechanism. In addition, it might be a promising target for future immune therapeutic approaches. Methods: Thirty AML patients and 15 healthy controls of matched age and sex were the subject of the study. sHLA-G was done to all patients and controls by ELISA. Results: Statistically significant increase in sHLA-G level was present in AML patients compared to controls, being higher in relapsed cases. HLA-G levels was correlated to bone marrow blast percentages but not affected by age, gender, WBCs or response to chemotherapy. HLA-G had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 62% to detect AML cases. Conclusion: HLA-G may be an additional marker for AML especially relapsed case

The implication of miR-200a and miR-132 expression and their correlations with NF-κB/TNF-alpha signaling in adults with diabetic nephropathy

Aim: The primary factor causing chronic renal failure is diabetic nephropathy (DN) worldwide. However, the current biomarkers for DN have limited diagnostic utility. Thus, this work aimed to clarify the implications of microRNA-200a (miR-200a) and microRNA-132 (miR-132) and their correlation with NF-κB (nuclear factor- kappa beta), and, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor –alpha) signaling to identify biomarkers able to distinguish late-stage from early- stage DN. Methods: Fifty healthy controls, and 271 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients (166 male plus 105 female) were enrolled. Participants were stratified into seven groups according to along with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), healthy controls, diabetes without DN (G1), diabetes with mild renal impairment (G2), and four DN grades (G3a, G3b, G4, and G5). Results: Compared to healthy controls, the DN groups exhibited linear increases in serum miR-200a, TNF-α, NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and reductions in miR-132 serum expression. Among the patients, NF-κB and TNF-α produced a negative correlation with miR-132, while, positive correlation has been discovered with miR-200-a. The operating characteristic of the receiver curve (ROC), proved that, miR-200a also miR-132 had good diagnostic performance in distinguishing early from advanced DN. Conclusion: MiR-200a as well as miR-132 expression levels, and their correlations with NF-κB/TNF-alpha signaling, were able to differentiate between DN patients with lower eGFR, suggesting their utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers

Bone Marrow Cell Therapy on 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-Induced Colon Cancer in Rats

Background/Aims: Stem cell based therapies are being under focus due to their possible role in treatment of various tumors. Bone marrow stem cells believed to have anticancer potential and are preferred for their activities by stimulating the immune system, migration to the site of tumor and ability for inducting apoptosis in cancer cells. The current study was aimed to investigate the tumor suppressive effects of bone marrow cells (BMCs) in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in rats. Methods: The rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, BMCs alone, DMH alone and BMCs with DMH. BMCs were injected intrarectally while DMH was injected subcutaneously at 20 mg/kg body weight once a week for 15 weeks. Histopathological examination and gene expression of survivin, β-catenin and multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in rat colon tissues. This is in addition to oxidative stress markers in colon were performed across all groups. Results: The presence of aberrant crypt foci was reordered once histopathological examination of colon tissue from rats which received DMH alone. Administration of BMCs into rats starting from zero-day of DMH injection improved the histopathological picture which showed a clear improvement in mucosal layer, few inflammatory cells infiltration periglandular and in the lamina propria. Gene expression in rat colon tissue demonstrated that BMCs down-regulated survivin, β-catenin, MDR-1 and cytokeratin 20 genes expression in colon tissues after colon cancer induction. Amelioration of the colon status after administration of MSCs has been evidenced by a major reduction of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and increasing of glutathione content and superoxide dismutase along with catalase activities. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that BMCs have tumor suppressive effects in DMH-induced colon cancer as evidenced by down-regulation of survivin, β-catenin, and MDR-1 genes and enhancing the antioxidant activity