Desempenho mecânico e durabilidade de argamassas contendo adições de resíduos de carvão vegetal amazônico

Este artigo analisou o desempenho físico-mecânico de argamassas cimentícias contendo adições de cinza granulada de biomassa oriunda de resíduos de carvão vegetal amazônico. Como aglomerante suplementar, foram substituídos teores de 0%, 5% e 10% em massa do aglomerante principal (cimento Portland). Foram observados e comparados aspectos de durabilidade e desempenho mecânico entre os compósitos. Para isso, foram selecionadas matérias primas – subprodutos da indústria madeireira, areia de rio ( 2,36 mm), cinza granulada (CG) de carvoaria ( 75 µm) e o cimento CP II – F 40. Corpos de prova cilíndricos 50x100 mm foram confeccionados com argamassas das misturas. Análise termogravimétrica (TG/DTG) sobre a CG foi desenvolvida. O compósito cimentício em estado endurecido foi analisado nos aspectos de volume de vazios, absorção de água total e por capilaridade, perda de massa a 950° C, resistências à tração diametral e resistência à compressão axial. Os resultados mostraram queda no desempenho mecânico dos compósitos com adição de 5%. O compósito com 10% de CG apresentou o melhor desempenho geral, porém, indicou tendência a queda na durabilidade, a partir das idades avançadas.Palavras-chave: Gerenciamento de resíduos; porosidade; capilaridade; aglomerante suplementar.

Interfaces entre o PNAE, capital social e o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar no quilombo do Pacoval/Alenquer-Pará

A aludida pesquisa teve como base a operacionalização do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) na comunidade remanescente de quilombo do Pacoval em Alenquer/Pará. Analisou-se as interfaces do capital social, a agricultura familiar e a política pública, utilizando a metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa, com procedimentos de entrevistas semiestruturada com diversos atores. Concluímos que existe pouca eficiência na execução do programa, que perpassa pelo a) despreparo dos gestores públicos responsáveis; b) ausência de informações dos agricultores no tocante as exigências burocráticas e ausência de assistência técnica agronômica/gestão para os agricultores; e c) inadequação de um cardápio alimentar quilombola, associada a baixa participação dos agricultores familiares no programa. Em contraponto e buscando soluções, a estratégia interorganizacional puxada pela dianteira do capital social quilombola, vem possibilitando um curso de mudanças com a inserção dos agricultores familiares no PNAE de 2019, incrementando renda na economia local e garantindo alimentos de qualidade aos alunos das escolas do quilombo

Spatiotemporal influences of LULC changes on land surface temperature in rapid urbanization area by using Landsat-TM and TIRS images

The inverse correlation between NDVI and LST is widely known for its long time series. However, when more specific statistical tests were performed, subtle differences in the correlation behavior over time are more clearly observed. In this work, regression analyses were performed between NDVI and LST at intervals of approximately 10 years, quantifying this relationship for an area of transition from vegetation to urban occupation from 1985 to 2018. The removal of vegetation cover (reduction of 51% to 7% in grassland and 14.4% to 0.6% in forest) to occupy impermeable surfaces ( increase of 31% to 91% in urban areas) caused an average LST increase of 4.18 °C when compared to the first and last decades of the historical series. Temporal analysis allowed us to verify the increase in temperature in the four seasons. The largest difference was 6.36 °C between the first and last decade of autumn, 4.40 °C in spring, 4.09 °C in summer, and 2.41 °C in winter. The results also show that LST has a negative correlation with NDVI, especially in urban areas, with an increase in this correlation during the period (1989: R = −0.55; 1999: R = −0.58; 2008: R = −0.59; 2018: R = −0.76). Our study results will help policymakers understand the dynamics of temperature increases by adding scientifically relevant information on the sustainable organization of the urban environment

Erratum: Author Correction: Midbrain Circuit Regulation of Individual Alcohol Drinking Behaviors in Mice (Nature Communications (2017) 8 1 (2220))

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Scott Edwards, which was incorrectly given as Scott Edward. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article

Midbrain circuit regulation of individual alcohol drinking behaviors in mice

Alcohol-use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance-use disorder worldwide. There is substantial individual variability in alcohol drinking behaviors in the population, the neural circuit mechanisms of which remain elusive. Utilizing in vivo electrophysiological techniques, we find that low alcohol drinking (LAD) mice have dramatically higher ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neuron firing and burst activity. Unexpectedly, VTA dopamine neuron activity in high alcohol drinking (HAD) mice does not differ from alcohol naive mice. Optogenetically enhancing VTA dopamine neuron burst activity in HAD mice decreases alcohol drinking behaviors. Circuit-specific recordings reveal that spontaneous activity of nucleus accumbens-projecting VTA (VTA-NAc) neurons is selectively higher in LAD mice. Specifically activating this projection is sufficient to reduce alcohol consumption in HAD mice. Furthermore, we uncover ionic and cellular mechanisms that suggest unique neuroadaptations between the alcohol drinking groups. Together, these data identify a neural circuit responsible for individual alcohol drinking behaviors

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data

MicrobeMASST, a taxonomically-informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbial-derived metabolites and relative producers, without a priori knowledge, will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

EFEITOS DAS MOSCAS PARASITAS DO GÊNERO Philornis (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) EM Pitangus sulphuratus (TYRANNIDAE) NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

Nas últimas décadas larvas do gênero Philornis vem causando enormes prejuízos às aves na América Central e Sul. Em algumas regiões, como nas Ilhas de Galápagos, estes ectoparasitos estão sendo responsabilizados como uma das principais causas do declínio nas populações de aves selvagens. Neste estudo, relatam-se os efeitos do parasitismo em ninhegos da espécie Pitangus sulphuratus no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram estudados oito ninhos de P. sulphuratus totalizando 20 ninhegos, destes 12 (60%) tiveram parasitos. Metade dos filhotes (n = 6 /50%) morreu nos primeiros dias de vida. Estes estavam altamente parasitados por larvas entre os dias 0 e 3 de vida, quando comparado com ninhegos sobreviventes [9±1,7 (12–7)]. As análises estatísticas mostraram diferenças de comprimento total entre filhotes parasitados e não parasitados (p≤0,001) onde filhotes parasitados tiveram retardo no crescimento, quando comparados ao desenvolvimento dos filhotes não parasitados . A diferença no ganho de massa corporal entre parasitados [23g ±15 (52-4)] e não parasitados [39g ±25 (76-4)]. Indivíduos parasitados tiveram um ganho de massa mais lento quando comparados com indivíduos não parasitados (t = 41,791; p ≤ 0,0001). De acordo com estes resultados, pode-se concluir que aves infestadas por larvas do gênero Philornis têm um atraso em seu desenvolvimento (peso corporal e comprimento total ), especialmente quando ocorre um número elevado de formas larvares por animal

Novo hospedeiro de Philornis deceptivus (Dodge e Aitken, 1968) (Insecta, Diptera, Muscidae) em Dendrocolaptidae (Aves, Passeriformes)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2010v23n1p97Ninhegos (n= 3) do Arapaçu-do-cerrado Lepidocolaptes angustirostris apresentaram 67 larvas de Philornis deceptivus entre os anos de 2005 e 2006. As larvas foram observadas a partir do quarto dia após a eclosão. Elas foram coletadas e seu ciclo de vida acompanhado no laboratório. Dezoito larvas atingiram a fase adulta. Não há na literatura informações sobre L. angustirostris como potencial hospedeiro de Philornis uma vez que o presente trabalho representa o primeiro registro reprodutivo da espécie