The Thermodynamics of Quantum Systems and Generalizations of Zamolodchikov's C-theorem

In this paper we examine the behavior in temperature of the free energy on quantum systems in an arbitrary number of dimensions. We define from the free energy a function $C$ of the coupling constants and the temperature, which in the regimes where quantum fluctuations dominate, is a monotonically increasing function of the temperature. We show that at very low temperatures the system is controlled by the zero-temperature infrared stable fixed point while at intermediate temperatures the behavior is that of the unstable fixed point. The $C$ function displays this crossover explicitly. This behavior is reminiscent of Zamolodchikov's $C$-theorem of field theories in 1+1 dimensions. Our results are obtained through a thermodynamic renormalization group approach. We find restrictions on the behavior of the entropy of the system for a $C$-theorem-type behavior to hold. We illustrate our ideas in the context of a free massive scalar field theory, the one-dimensional quantum Ising Model and the quantum Non-linear Sigma Model in two space dimensions. In regimes in which the classical fluctuations are important the monotonic behavior is absent.Comment: 25 pages, LateX, P-92-10-12

Asymmetries in the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in different phases of Disaster Risk Management (DRM)

This article aims to highlight the knowledge gaps identified in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the different phases of Disaster Risk Management (DRM). To this end, a bibliographic review of 254 articles reporting on UAVs and natural disasters in the period 2000-2020 is presented. To select a sample of publications that address the relationship between drones and natural disasters, from 2000 to 2020, quantitative searches were made on the Google Scholar. Only the articles published in journals or events were considered for this purpose. The searches were carried out using the following terms: disasters; hazards; risk; natural disasters; UAV; drone. The linguistic variation of the terms was also considered (terms in English, Spanish and Portuguese). As a main finding, it is argued that there are few studies on the use of UAVs in risk mitigation in the pre-disaster phase. To develop this argument, the article begins with a discussion of the structure of DRM, then addresses the use of drones in natural disasters, and finally develops a critique of the asymmetry that exists in the use of UAVs in DRM

Perspectives of regional paleoclimate modeling

Regional climate modeling bridges the gap between the coarse resolution of current global climate models and the regional‐to‐local scales, where the impacts of climate change are of primary interest. Here, we present a review of the added value of the regional climate modeling approach within the scope of paleoclimate research and discuss the current major challenges and perspectives. Two time periods serve as an example: the Holocene, including the Last Millennium, and the Last Glacial Maximum. Reviewing the existing literature reveals the benefits of regional paleo climate modeling, particularly over areas with complex terrain. However, this depends largely on the variable of interest, as the added value of regional modeling arises from a more realistic representation of physical processes and climate feedbacks compared to global climate models, and this affects different climate variables in various ways. In particular, hydrological processes have been shown to be better represented in regional models, and they can deliver more realistic meteorological data to drive ice sheet and glacier modeling. Thus, regional climate models provide a clear benefit to answer fundamental paleoclimate research questions and may be key to advance a meaningful joint interpretation of climate model and proxy data

Avaliaçao da fraçao de ejeçao de ventrículo esquerdo no exercício moderado durante estimulaçao cardíaca ventricular e atrioventricular com resposta de freqüência*

O efeito da estimulaçao ventricular e atrioventricular seqüencial, por marca passo de dupla câmara com resposta de freqüência (modelo ERGOS 02, Biotronik), sobre a fraçao de ejeçao de ventrículo esquerdo foi avaliado por ventriculografia isotópica, tendo como radiofármaco hemácias com 99m Te. A fraçao de ejeçao foi determinada em 4 pacientes ao repouso, aos 5 minutos de exercício em bicicleta ergo métrica e aos 5 minutos após interrupçao do exercício, no modo VVIR e DDDR (cuja seleçao inicial foi aleatória), com intervalo de 30 minutos entre a avaliaçao de cada modo de estimulaçao. No modo VVIR a fraçao de ejeçao aumentou de 0,353 para 0,415 durante o exercício, reduzindo-se para 0,373 após sua interrupçao. No modo DDDR foi observado efeito similar, com valores de 0,355, 0,390 e 0,373, respectivamente. Para intervalos comparáveis, nao foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os dois modos de estimulaçao. Respeitadas as limitaçoes da técnica e o reduzido número de pacientes, conclui-se que, durante o exercício moderado, a fraçao de ejeçao do ventrículo esquerdo varia de modo similar, para as modalidades de estimulaçao ventricular e atrioventricular seqüencial

Qualidade de grãos de híbridos de milho submetidos em diferentes épocas de semeadura e doses de nitrogênio

Grain quality is essential in the food industry, and it shows variations depending on crop management conditions in the field. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of hybrids, sowing seasons, and topdressing nitrogen rates on the incidence of damaged grains and their correlation with pathogenic fungi. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Atalanta, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in a split split-plot randomized block design consisting of the AG9025 PRO3 (super-early) and 30F53 VYH (early) hybrids, preferential (September 20) and late (December 5) sowing season, and nitrogen rates (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha-1). The percentage of normal, fermented, and burned grains, as well as the incidence of fungi in grains, were quantified. The hybrid 30F53 VYH had shown the lowest percentage of fermented grains (8.4%) when compared to the hybrid AG9025 PRO3 (43.2%). No significant difference was observed between the sowing season for fermented grains. The hybrid AG9025 PRO3 had shown an increase in fermented grains with nitrogen addition, while the hybrid 30F53 VYH presented a stable behavior. The hybrid AG9025 PRO3 (35.5%) showed the lowest incidence of Fusarium verticillioides in the grains when compared to the hybrid 30F53 VYH (49.9%). The fungus incidence was also lower in the preferential sowing season (35.7%) than in the late one (49.7%). The hybrid AG9025 PRO3 maintained the percentage of fungus incidence stable as a function of nitrogen rates. No significant correlation was observed between the percentage of normal and fermented grains with the incidence of F. verticillioides.A qualidade dos grãos é essencial na indústria alimentícia e mostra variações dependendo das condições de manejo da cultura no campo. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar o efeito de híbridos, épocas de semeadura e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura sobre a incidência de grãos avariados e sua correlação com fungos patogênicos. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, em Atalanta, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas sub-subdivididas, constituído pelos híbridos AG9025 PRO3 (super-precoce) e 30F53 VYH (precoce), semeadura preferencial (20 de setembro) e tardia (5 de dezembro) e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 150, 300 e 450 kg ha-1). O percentual de grãos normais, fermentados e avariados, bem como a incidência de fungos em grãos, foram quantificados. O híbrido 30F53 VYH apresentou o menor percentual de grãos fermentados (8,4%) quando comparado ao híbrido AG9025 PRO3 (43,2%). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre as épocas de semeadura nos grãos fermentados. O híbrido AG9025 PRO3 apresentou um aumento nos grãos fermentados com adição de nitrogênio, enquanto o híbrido 30F53 VYH apresentou comportamento estável. O híbrido AG9025 PRO3 (35,5%) apresentou a menor incidência de Fusarium verticillioides nos grãos quando comparado ao híbrido 30F53 VYH (49,9%). A incidência do fungo foi menor também na época de semeadura preferencial (35,7%) em relação à tardia (49,7%). O híbrido AG9025 PRO3 manteve estável a porcentagem de incidência de fungos em função das doses de nitrogênio. Nenhuma correlação significativa foi observada entre a porcentagem de grãos normais e fermentados com a incidência de F. verticillioides

Physiological quality, initial establishment and yield of wheat according to the seed treatment method

New technologies are being incorporated to the seed treatment process, such as the use of products on industrial scale. This study aimed at evaluating the seed quality of wheat cultivars, as well as the influence of the seed treatment method on the establishment and yield of this crop. Seeds of the cultivars Jadeite 11, Quartzo and Tec Frontale were treated with the Spectro® fungicide (difenoconazole - 200 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds), Cruiser Opti® insecticide (thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin - 200 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds) and Polifix G4 polymer (100 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds). A completely randomized design, with four replicates, was used. The treatments consisted of industrial treatment, on farm treatment with the same products and control. Germination, first germination count and moisture content tests were carried out immediately after the seed treatment and at 30, 90 and 150 days of storage. Seedling emergence in beds was evaluated at 30, 60 and 120 days of storage. Under a randomized block design, seedling emergence and grain yield were evaluated in the field in two sowing seasons. The conventional or industrial seed treatment methods do not reduce the physiological quality and emergence of high-vigor seeds stored for 150 days, under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The conventional or industrial seed treatment with diphenoconazole + thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin + polymer does not increase the wheat crop plant stand and grain yield

Desarrollo de un modelo matemático de logística humanitaria con resiliencia para la gestión del riesgo en sismos y terremotos en Caquetá, Cundinamarca

Introduction: the article is the product of the research “Development of a mathematical model of humanitaria logistics with resilience for risk management in earthquakes and earthquakes in Cádiz, Cundinamarca”, deveped during 2017 and 2018, in the Faculty of Industrial Engineering of the University Free in Colombia.Problem: the municipality of Cáqueza, due to its geographical characteristics, presents vulnerability to earth-quakes and does not have a post-disaster logistic plan in accordance with the risk needs of its inhabitants.Objective: to develop a mathematical model of humanitarian logistics with resilience for risk management in earthquakes in Cávelo, Cundinamarca.Methodology: diagnosis and measurement of the community resilience index in Cabala to propose a model of humanitarian logistics. The parameters, variables and restrictions are described and validated through computer tools such as Open Solver and Promodel.Results: a humanitarian logistic model was developed that responds to the reality of the municipality by determing the ideal way to transport, store and distribute provisions to a population with resilient demand.Conclusion: a tool is generated that provides the Cábala community with a post-disaster logistic model according to their characteristics and needs, which allows them to react to reduce the mortality rate in the event of an earthquake.Originality: application of resilience in the risk management scenario, with the incorporation of the characteristics of the community to the mathematical models of humanitarian logistics.Limitations: the proposed model is solved from linear programming and does not take into account probabilistic variables.Introducción: el artículo es producto de la investigación “Desarrollo de un modelo matemático de logística humanitaria con resiliencia para la gestión del riesgo en sismos y terremotos en Cáqueza, Cundinamarca”, desarrollada durante los años 2017 y 2018 en la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Libre en Colombia. Problema: el municipio de Cáqueza, dadas sus características geográficas, presenta vulnerabilidad ante sismos, y no cuenta con un plan logístico posdesastre acorde a las necesidades de riesgo de sus habitantes. Objetivo: desarrollar un modelo matemático de logística humanitaria con resiliencia para la gestión del riesgo en sismos en Cáqueza, Cundinamarca. Metodología: diagnóstico y medición del índice de resiliencia comunitaria en Cáqueza, para proponer un modelo de logística humanitaria, se describen los parámetros, variables y restricciones, y se valida a través de herramientas informáticas como Open Solver y Promodel. Resultados: se desarrolló un modelo logístico humanitario que responde a la realidad del municipio determinando la manera óptima de transportar, almacenar y distribuir suministros a una población con demanda resiliente. Conclusión: se genera una herramienta que dota a la comunidad de Cáqueza de un modelo logístico posdesastre acorde a sus características y necesidades, que le permita reaccionar para disminuir la tasa de mortalidad ante un sismo. Originalidad: aplicación de la resiliencia al escenario de la gestión del riesgo, con incorporación de las características de la comunidad a los modelos matemáticos de logística humanitaria. Limitaciones: el modelo propuesto se soluciona a partir de programación lineal y no tiene en cuenta variables de tipo probabilístico