Conciencia moral ambiental desde el colegio, transformando actitudes para la sustentabilidad

105 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoLa preocupaci?n creciente por el aumento de los efectos del deterioro ambiental, la explotaci?n insostenible de recursos naturales no renovables, las desigualdades humanas en las condiciones de bienestar y acceso a dichos recursos desde la sostenibilidad, entre otros aspectos; cuestionan la pertinencia y eficacia de la educaci?n ambiental y determinan la urgencia de implementar estrategias y acciones que conduzcan a cambios sociales, pol?ticos, econ?micos y finalmente, culturales para afrontar la situaci?n. Esta tarea ha sido asumida tradicionalmente por la escuela con el desarrollo de competencias cognitivas y procedimentales; generando en el sujeto el conocimiento de la problem?tica y el abordaje de actividades sustentables que no forman parte de su cultura ni de su autonom?a; conoce y hace de manera inconexa, manteni?ndose incapaz de identificar su relaci?n simbi?tica con el entorno. Al respecto, la academia tiene la responsabilidad permanente de innovar y fortalecer sus pr?cticas dirigidas al proceso de formaci?n ambiental de los j?venes. Es apremiante plantear alternativas que fortalezcan el accionar de la educaci?n ambiental, dirigida a una modificaci?n personal de actitudes que parte de autoformar el juicio moral, reconocer las propias emociones y asumir comportamientos de participaci?n proactiva con su contexto ambiental. La meta inicial es el desarrollo de autonom?a para conformar una identidad ambiental y finalmente adquirir competencias de ciudadan?a ambiental. En este documento se detalla una propuesta de innovaci?n educativa que aborda parte del problema, mediante la b?squeda de elementos de intervenci?n que permitan integrar los avances de la educaci?n ambiental y favorezcan la formaci?n individual que permita pensar e interpretar lo ambiental de manera distinta a la que culturalmente arrastramos. Esta iniciativa incluye un dise?o de investigaci?n para la evaluaci?n de sus resultados.ABSTRACT The growing concern about the increasing effects of environmental degradation, the unsustainable exploitation of nonrenewable natural resources, the human inequalities in welfare conditions and access to these resources from sustainability, among other things, question the relevance and effectiveness of the environmental education, and determine the urgency of implementing strategies and actions which lead to social, political, and economical and therefore, cultural changes to deal with this situation. This task has been traditionally taken on schools through the development of cognitive and procedural skills, producing in an individual the knowledge of the problem and addressing sustainable activities which are neither part of their culture nor their autonomy; he knows and does things so disjointed, being unable to identify its symbiotic relationship with the environment. In this regard, the school has a permanent responsibility to innovate and strengthen its practices aimed at environmental education process of youth. It is urgent to propose alternatives to fortify the activities of environmental education, which lead to an individual change on attitudes of moral judgment, recognizing one's emotions and behaviors to take a proactive engagement with the environmental context. The initial goal is to develop autonomy to form an environmental identity and finally, acquire environmental citizenship skills. This paper details an educative innovation proposal which addresses part of the problem, through the intervention elements search which lets us integrate advances in environmental education, and encourage individual training on allowing an environmental thinking and then, interpreting it differently from what culturally we drag. This initiative includes a research design for the evaluation of the results obtained.ADVERTENCIA ?El programa de Maestr?a en Educaci?n de la Universidad del Tolima, el director del trabajo de grado y el jurado calificador no son responsables de las ideas expuestas por el autor en el presente trabajo.? Art?culo 17, Resoluci?n 015 de Diciembre 18 de 1978, Reglamento de Trabajos de Grado. Los autores CARLOS EDUARDO BALAGUERA D?VILA, Identificado con C.C. No. 91.236.962 de Bucaramanga, Santander y HENRY SANCHEZ, Identificado con C.C. No. 18.919.265 de Aguachica, Cesar; autorizan a la Universidad del Tolima la reproducci?n total o parcial de este documento, con la debida cita de reconocimiento de la autor?a y cede a la misma universidad de los derechos patrimoniales con fines de investigaci?n, docencia e institucionales, consagrados en el art?culo 72 de la Ley 23 de 1982 y las normas que lo constituyan o modifiquen.INTRODUCCI?N 15 1. DEFINICI?N DEL PROBLEMA 18 1.1 ANTECEDENTES 18 1.2 DESCRIPCI?N DEL PROBLEMA 19 1.3 FORMULACION DEL PROBLEMA 20 1.3.1 Preguntas Preliminares 20 1.3.2 Pregunta Principal 20 1.4 DELIMITACI?N TEMPORAL Y ESPACIAL 20 1.5 CONTEXTO 21 1.6 POBLACI?N 22 2. JUSTIFICACI?N 23 3. OBJETIVOS 27 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 27 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 27 4. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES 28 5. MARCO REFERENCIAL 30 5.1 BREVE ESTADO DE LA CUESTION 30 5.2 REFERENTE EPISTEMOL?GICO 34 8 5.2.1 El constructivismo 34 5.2.2 Complejidad ambiental 36 5.3 REFERENTE PEDAG?GICO 38 5.3.1 Educaci?n para la ciudadan?a ambiental 39 5.3.2 Ambientalizaci?n del curr?culo 40 5.3.3 La educaci?n en valores ambientales 42 5.4 REFERENTE SICOL?GICO 44 5.4.1 Desarrollo moral 44 5.4.2 Acci?n moral 48 5.4.3 Las actitudes 49 5.5 REFERENTE DID?CTICO 50 5.5.1 El m?todo Konstanz de discusi?n de dilemas 50 5.6 REFERENTE LEGAL 52 6. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 54 6.1 ENFOQUE INVESTIGATIVO 54 6.2 PROCEDIMIENTO 54 6.3 HIP?TESIS 56 6.4 POBLACI?N 56 6.5 T?CNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCI?N DE DATOS 56 6.6 T?CNICA DE AN?LISIS 57 6.7 RECURSOS 60 7. AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 61 9 7.1 RESULTADOS DE LA APLICACI?N PRE-TEST 61 7.2 RESULTADOS COMPARATIVOS POST-TEST 64 7.3 COMPROBACI?N DE HIP?TESIS 67 8. CONCLUSIONES 69 9. RECOMENDACIONES 70LISTA DE REFERENCIAS 71 ANEXOS 7

Spin-orbit torques for current parallel and perpendicular to a domain wall

We report field- and current-induced domain wall (DW) depinning experiments in Ta/Co20Fe60B20/MgO nanowires through a Hall cross geometry. While purely field-induced depinning shows no angular dependence on in-plane fields, the effect of the current depends crucially on the internal DW structure, which we manipulate by an external magnetic in-plane field. We show for the first time depinning measurements for a current sent parallel to the DW and compare its depinning efficiency with the conventional case of current flowing perpendicularly to the DW. We find that the maximum efficiency is similar for both current directions within the error bars, which is in line with a dominating damping-like spin-orbit torque (SOT) and indicates that no large additional torques arise for currents parallel to the DW. Finally, we find a varying dependence of the maximum depinning efficiency angle for different DWs and pinning levels. This emphasizes the importance of our full angular scans compared to previously used measurements for just two field directions (parallel and perpendicular to the DW) and shows the sensitivity of the spin-orbit torque to the precise DW structure and pinning sites.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

Recruitment of RNA molecules by connexin RNA-binding motifs: Implication in RNA and DNA transport through microvesicles and exosomes

Connexins (Cxs) are integral membrane proteins that form high-conductance plasma membrane channels, allowing communication from cell to cell (via gap junctions) and from cells to the extracellular environment (via hemichannels). Initially described for their role in joining excitable cells (nerve and muscle), gap junctions (GJs) are found between virtually all cells in solid tissues and are essential for functional coordination by enabling the direct transfer of small signalling molecules, metabolites, ions, and electrical signals from cell to cell. Several studies have revealed diverse channel-independent functions of Cxs, which include the control of cell growth and tumourigenicity. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most widespread Cx in the human body. The myriad roles of Cx43 and its implication in the development of disorders such as cancer, inflammation, osteoarthritis and Alzheimer's disease have given rise to many novel questions. Several RNA- and DNA-binding motifs were predicted in the Cx43 and Cx26 sequences using different computational methods. This review provides insights into new, ground-breaking functions of Cxs, highlighting important areas for future work such as transfer of genetic information through extracellular vesicles. We discuss the implication of potential RNA- and DNA-binding domains in the Cx43 and Cx26 sequences in the cellular communication and control of signalling pathwaysThis work was supported in part through funding from the Society for Research on Bone and Mineral Metabolism - Grant number FEIOMM2016 (to M.D.M.), by grant PRECIPITA-2015-000139 from the FECYT-Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (to M.D.M), by grants PI13/00591 and PI16/00035 from the Health Institute “Carlos III” (ISCIII, Spain) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, “A way of making Europe” from the European Union (to M.D.M.), by a grant from Xunta de Galicia (pre-doctoral fellowship) to M.V.-E., and by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Spain (FPU grant to M.R.-C.M.)S

The stellar populations of spiral disks.II Measuring and modeling the radial distribution of absorption spectral indices

The radial distributions of the Mg2 and Fe5270 Lick spectral indices have been measured to large radial distances on the disks of NGC 4303 and NGC 4535 using an imaging technique based on interference filters. These data, added to those of NGC 4321 previously published in Paper I of this series are used to constraint chemical (multiphase) evolutionary models for these galaxies. Because the integrated light of a stellar disk is a time average over the history of the galaxy weighted by the star formation rate, these constraints complement the information on chemical gradients provided by the study of HII regions which, by themselves, can only provide the alpha-elements abundance accumulate over the life of the galaxy. The agreement between the observations and the model predictions shown here lends confidence to the models which are then used to describe the time evolution of galaxy parameters such as star formation rates, chemical gradients, and gradients in the mean age of the stellar population.Comment: to be published in Astrophysical Journa

Mercury in archaeological human bone: biogenic or diagenetic?

We investigated mercury (Hg) in human bone from archaeological sites in the Iberian Peninsula where the cultural use of cinnabar (HgS) as a pigment, offering or preservative in burial practices has been documented from the 4th to 2nd millennia cal B.C. (Late Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age). Previous analyses have shown high levels of total mercury (THg) in human bone at numerous Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites in this region, but the question remains if this mercury entered the bones via diagenetic processes in the soil, especially where cinnabar powder and paint was found associated with the burials, or if it entered the bone via biogenic pathways from exposure to mercury from using cinnabar in life. We analyzed the humerus, femur, and tibia from a total of 30 individual burials from four Neolithic to Bronze Age sites in Iberia and found low to high values of THg in these bones, with the humerus showing significantly more THg concentrations than other skeletal elements when the THg was greater than 1 ppm. This pattern of Hg deposition in skeletal material from different sites and ages strongly suggests a biogenic origin for the mercury. In addition, absence of detectable Hg in bones with high to low values of THg using SEM EDS analysis further discounts diagenetic intrusion of Hg or cinnabar particles into the bone from the soil. It is likely that greater stress and bone remodeling rates from use of heavy tools and other activities in life are responsible for higher THg in the humerus than other skeletal elements, but additional research is needed to verify this.National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1542174]Spanish GovernmentSpanish Government [HAR2016-78036-P, HAR2016-74846-P, HAR2017-82755-P, HAR2017-83004-P, I + D HAR2017-87324-P]CIAS [PEst-OE/SADG/UI0283/2019]FCTPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/EPH-ARQ/0798/2014]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Study of vascular risk in Navarre: objectives and design. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of vascular risk factors

BACKGROUND: To determine in a representative sample of the population the prevalence of risk factors and metabolic syndrome; their association with sub-clinical atherosclerotic lesions and their impact on cardiocerebrovascular disease 10 years after. MATERIAL AND METHODS: (Phase 1) Cross sectional survey of a random sample stratified by age and sex of the population of Navarre aged between 35 and 84. Antecedents, risk factors, physical and analytical exploration. (Phase II) Ten year follow-up cohort study, in 500 exposed to MS and 500 not exposed persons, aged between 45 and 74 years; with an 82.25% power to detect a risk ratio of 2; with analytical and image markers of sub-clinical atherosclerosis. (Phase III) Follow up of vascular events at ten years. RESULTS: The subjects recruited were 6,553; excluded or not found 871; the final sample was 5,682 (2,644 men and 3,038 women); 4,168 (73,4%) took part in the study. The prevalence of MS was 22.1% (95%CI 20.5 - 23.7) for men and 17,2% (95%CI 15.8 - 18.5) for women. The main cardiovascular RF were high compared to other geographical areas except for HDL cholesterol. The rate was 8.5% (95%CI 7.4 - 9.6) for men and 1.7% (95%CI 1.3 - 2.2) CONCLUSIONS: There are important differences in risk between sex, being worst for men. The high figures for HDL cholesterol and the low prevalence of MS might mean a lower risk of vascular events in Navarra

Elevated circulating metalloproteinase 7 predicts recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with carotid stenosis: a prospective cohort study

Background: Major adverse cardiovascular events are the main cause of morbidity and mortality over the long term in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. There are few reports assessing the prognostic value of markers of inflammation in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease after carotid endarterectomy. Here, we aimed to determine whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-10), tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP-1) and in vivo inflammation studied by 18F-FDG-PET/CT predict recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with carotid stenosis who underwent endarterectomy. Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 31 consecutive patients with symptomatic (23/31) or asymptomatic (8/31) severe (> 70%) carotid stenosis who were scheduled for carotid endarterectomy between July 2013 and March 2016. In addition, 26 healthy controls were included in the study. Plasma and serum samples were collected 2 days prior to surgery and tested for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, TIMP-1, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. 18F-FDGPET/CT focusing on several territories’ vascular wall metabolism was performed on 29 of the patients because of no presurgical availability in 2 symptomatic patients. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed with antibodies targeting MMP-10, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and CD68. Results: The patients with carotid stenosis had significantly more circulating MMP-1, MMP-7 and MMP-10 than the healthy controls. Intraplaque TIMP-1 was correlated with its plasma level (r = 0.42 P = .02) and with 18F-FDG uptake (r = 0.38 P = .05). We did not find any correlation between circulating MMPs and in vivo carotid plaque metabolism assessed by 18F-FDG-PET. After a median follow-up of 1077 days, 4 cerebrovascular, 7 cardiovascular and 11 peripheral vascular events requiring hospitalization were registered. Circulating MMP-7 was capable of predicting events over and above the traditional risk factors (HR = 1.15 P = .006). When the model was associated with the variables of interest, the risk predicted by 18F-FDG-PET was not significant. Conclusions: Circulating MMP-7 may represent a novel marker for recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with moderate to severe carotid stenosis. MMP-7 may reflect the atherosclerotic burden but not plaque inflammation in this specific vascular territory

At the beginnings of the funerary Megalithism in Iberia at Campo de Hockey necropolis

[EN] The excavations undertaken at the Campo de Hockey site in 2008 led to the identification of a major Neolithic necropolis in the former Island of San Fernando (Bay of Cadiz). This work presents the results of the latest studies, which indicate that the site stands as one of the oldest megalithic necropolises in the Iberian Peninsula. The main aim of this work is to present with precision the chronology of this necropolis through a Bayesian statistical model that confirms that the necropolis was in use from c. 4300 to 3800 cal BC. The presence of prestige grave goods in the earliest and most monumental graves suggest that the Megalithism phenomenon emerged in relation to maritime routes linked to the distribution of exotic products. We also aim to examine funerary practices in these early megalithic communities, and especially their way of life and the social reproduction system. As such, in addition to the chronological information and the Bayesian statistics, we provide the results of a comprehensive interdisciplinary study, including anthropological, archaeometric and genetic data.We wish to express our gratitude to Antonio Saez Espligares (Historical Museum of San Fernando) and Lourdes Lorenzo (Figlina, s.l.) for their support during the archaeological excavation. This research was conducted in the framework of the following research projects: "Analysis of prehistoric societies from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Late Neolithic at both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar: relations and contacts", funded by the State Research Agency (SRA) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Ref.: HAR2017-87324-P. (2018-2021). "Analisis interdisciplinar para el conocimiento del poblamiento humano de la Bahia de Cadiz durante la Prehistoria Reciente (VI-II milenios a.n.e.)", funded by 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme and the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia. Ref.: FEDER-UCA18-106917 (2020-2023). "Analisis de los isotopos de oxigeno en conchas y de los isotopos estables de oxigeno y carbono en huesos humanos en el poblado neolitico insular de Campo de Hockey (San Fernando, Cadiz)", authorised and funded by CEIMAR. Ref.: CEIJ-015 (2018-2019). Eduardo Molina Piernas acknowledges co-funding from European Social Fund (D1113102E3) and Junta de Andalucia

Refractory migraine in a headache clinic population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many migraineurs who seek care in headache clinics are refractory to treatment, despite advances in headache therapies. Epidemiology is poorly characterized, because diagnostic criteria for refractory migraine were not available until recently. We aimed to determine the frequency of refractory migraine in patients attended in the Headache Unit in a tertiary care center, according to recently proposed criteria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study population consisted of a consecutive sample of 370 patients (60.8% females) with a mean age of 43 years (range 14-86) evaluated for the first time in our headache unit over a one-year period (between October 2008 and October 2009). We recorded information on clinical features, previous treatments, Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS), and final diagnosis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall migraine and tension-type headache were found in 46.4% and 20.5% of patients, respectively. Refractory migraine was found in 5.1% of patients. In refractory migraineurs, the mean MIDAS score was 96, and 36.8% were medication-overusers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Refractory migraine is a relatively common and very disabling condition between the patients attended in a headache unit. The proposed operational criteria may be useful in identifying those patients who require care in headache units, the selection of candidates for combinations of prophylactic drugs or invasive treatments such as neurostimulation, but also to facilitate clinical studies in this patient group.</p