Implementación de la metodología de diagnóstico de fallas por síntomas para mejorar la disponibilidad de las palas pc4000 de la compañía minera Misky Mayo de la ciudad de Bayóvar

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es implementar una metodología para el diagnóstico de fallas por síntomas en el motor diesel QSK60 de la PC4000 bajo los requerimientos en su contexto operacional. Para lograr este objetivo se realizó un diagnóstico de la situación actual de los motores de las palas, verificando su estado y comportamiento durante su operación. Luego se aplicó la técnica de causa efecto para determinar las fallas. La cual se estableció como hipótesis general que la implementación de la metodología de diagnóstico de fallas por síntomas de la pala PC4000, produce cambios significativos en la disponibilidad de las palas PC4000 de la compañía minera Misky Mayo de la ciudad de Bayovar. Para ello la unidad de análisis de la población de esta investigación estuvo conformada por los 6 motores diesel de las 6 Palas PC4000 que pertenecen a la Compañía Minera Misky Mayo. Para su análisis se realizó un estudio descriptivo y experimental, con un diseño de investigación de pre test y pos test. En cuanto a la recolección de datos se utilizaron formatos para determinar el número de fallas, de causas y efectos de fallas, control de inspección, tiempo medio entre fallas, tiempo medio de reparación y de confiabilidad. Finalmente se realizó un análisis de los resultados obtenidos, y con ellos las conclusiones, para mejorar las condiciones actuales de los motores. El beneficio que aportó el siguiente trabajo fue mejorar significativamente la disponibilidad

Toleration as indifference? Exploring The New Jerusalem

This thesis probes the conceptual and practical limits of toleration by exploring theories that address how modern liberal states should cope with religiously extreme minority groups in the light of a concrete case, that of The New Jerusalem, a self-contained theocratic community in modern-day Mexico. The thesis analyses some implications of the case for understanding how modern liberal states ought to deal with illiberal religious groups that do not respect some fundamental rights of their members. It questions whether the theories and prescriptions of influential recent liberals and their critics, such as Kukathas, Kymlicka, Balint and Ayelet Shachar are adequate to protect either the rights of minority groups or the rights of individuals within communities that tend to oppress their vulnerable members. The thesis seeks to elucidate difficulties with these theories by setting them against the reality of The New Jerusalem. Placing theory in conversation with practice, it concludes that, though frequently disregarded in liberal literature, moral compromise addresses several of the same questions as political toleration, and that it could work alongside policies of toleration and differentiated treatment to reach long-lasting agreements where profound differences between individuals and communities make consensus difficult to attain

Los modelos estructurales, diseño para la enseñanza del diseño

La formación universitaria en Arquitectura incorpora distintas áreas disciplinarias para dar respuesta a las diferentes líneas de conocimiento que caracterizan la carrera. Entre ellas destaca la necesidad de la comprensión del comportamiento de las estructuras, no sólo desde el punto de vista de la estabilidad de las edificaciones, sino como un factor indispensable del proyecto arquitectónico, componente sustancial que, a la par de las consideraciones espaciales y funcionales, debe ser considerado a lo largo del proceso desde el momento mismo de la gestación conceptual hasta la etapa del desarrollo constructivo. En la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño (CyAD) de la UAM Azcapotzalco se ha planteado, desde hace tiempo, la necesidad de abordar interdisciplinariamente este tema a partir de la creación del Laboratorio de Modelos Estructurales, espacio didáctico que permite conjuntar los conocimientos y experiencia de otras instancias universitarias para lograr un mismo propósito: el uso de modelos físicos para la enseñanza del diseño y de las estructuras. Es comúnmente sabido que la enseñanza del comportamiento mecánico de las estructuras enfrenta problemas tanto en la explicación de fórmulas y conceptos teóricos por parte del docente como en la comprensión por parte de los alumnos, por lo que el estudio de la estática, la resistencia de los materiales, el análisis y el diseño estructurales pueden resultar en una temática en ocasiones árida y difícil de asimilar. En ese sentido, en este documento se discute la utilidad de vincular el trabajo del Laboratorio de Estructuras y Pruebas de Materiales de la División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (CBI) con el de Modelos Estructurales a fin de atender necesidades académicas de interés compartido que impactan en los planes y programas de estudio de las licenciaturas de Arquitectura e Ingeniería Civil.University education in Architecture incorporates different disciplinary areas to respond to the different lines of knowledge that characterize the career. Among them, the need to understand the behavior of structures stands out, not only from the point of view of the stability of the buildings, but also as an indispensable factor of the architectural project, a substantial component that, together with spatial and functional considerations, must be considered throughout the process from the very moment of conceptual gestation to the stage of constructive development. In the Division of Sciences and Arts for Design (CyAD) of the UAMAzcapotzalco, the need to address this issue in an interdisciplinary way has been raised for some time, starting from the creation of the Laboratory of Structural Models, a didactic space that allows to combine knowledge and experience from other university instances to achieve the same purpose: the use of physical models for teaching design and structures. It is commonly known that the teaching of the mechanical behavior of structures faces problems both in the explanation of formulas and theoretical concepts by the teacher and in the understanding by the students, so the study of statics, the resistance of materials, structural analysis and design can result in a theme that is sometimes arid and difficult to assimilate. In this sense, this document discusses the usefulness of linking the work of the Laboratory of Structures and Materials Testing of the Division of Basic Sciences and Engineering (CBI) with that of Structural Models in order to meet academic needs of shared interest that impact in the plans and programs of study of the degrees of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Reversal of apixaban induced alterations in hemostasis by different coagulation factor concentrates: significance of studies in vitro with circulating human blood

Apixaban is a new oral anticoagulant with a specific inhibitory action on FXa. No information is available on the reversal of the antihemostatic action of apixaban in experimental or clinical settings. We have evaluated the effectiveness of different factor concentrates at reversing modifications of hemostatic mechanisms induced by moderately elevated concentrations of apixaban (200 ng/ml) added in vitro to blood from healthy donors (n = 10). Effects on thrombin generation (TG) and thromboelastometry (TEM) parameters were assessed. Modifications in platelet adhesive, aggregating and procoagulant activities were evaluated in studies with blood circulating through damaged vascular surfaces, at a shear rate of 600 s−1. The potential of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs; 50 IU/kg), activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs; 75 IU/kg), or activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa; 270 μg/kg), at reversing the antihemostatic actions of apixaban, were investigated. Apixaban interfered with TG kinetics. Delayed lag phase, prolonged time to peak and reduced peak values, were improved by the different concentrates, though modifications in TG patterns were diversely affected depending on the activating reagents. Apixaban significantly prolonged clotting times (CTs) in TEM studies. Prolongations in CTs were corrected by the different concentrates with variable efficacies (rFVIIa≥aPCC>PCC). Apixaban significantly reduced fibrin and platelet interactions with damaged vascular surfaces in perfusion studies (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Impairments in fibrin formation were normalized by the different concentrates. Only rFVIIa significantly restored levels of platelet deposition. Alterations in hemostasis induced by apixaban were variably compensated by the different factor concentrates investigated. However, effects of these concentrates were not homogeneous in all the tests, with PCCs showing more efficacy in TG, and rFVIIa being more effective on TEM and perfusion studies. Our results indicate that rFVIIa, PCCs and aPCCs have the potential to restore platelet and fibrin components of the hemostasis previously altered by apixaban

Potential of Sentinel-2A Data to Model Surface and Canopy Fuel Characteristics in Relation to Crown Fire Hazard

[EN] Background: Crown fires are often intense and fast spreading and hence can have serious impacts on soil, vegetation, and wildlife habitats. Fire managers try to prevent the initiation and spread of crown fires in forested landscapes through fuel management. The minimum fuel conditions necessary to initiate and propagate crown fires are known to be strongly influenced by four stand structural variables: surface fuel load (SFL), fuel strata gap (FSG), canopy base height (CBH), and canopy bulk density (CBD). However, there is often a lack of quantitative data about these variables, especially at the landscape scale. Methods: In this study, data from 123 sample plots established in pure, even-aged, Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster stands in northwest Spain were analyzed. In each plot, an intensive field inventory was used to characterize surface and canopy fuels load and structure, and to estimate SFL, FSG, CBH, and CBD. Equations relating these variables to Sentinel-2A (S-2A) bands and vegetation indices were obtained using two non-parametric techniques: Random Forest (RF) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). Results: According to the goodness-of-fit statistics, RF models provided the most accurate estimates, explaining more than 12%, 37%, 47%, and 31% of the observed variability in SFL, FSG, CBH, and CBD, respectively. To evaluate the performance of the four equations considered, the observed and estimated values of the four fuel variables were used separately to predict the potential type of wildfire (surface fire, passive crown fire, or active crown fire) for each plot, considering three different burning conditions (low, moderate, and extreme). The results of the confusion matrix indicated that 79.8% of the surface fires and 93.1% of the active crown fires were correctly classified; meanwhile, the highest rate of misclassification was observed for passive crown fire, with 75.6% of the samples correctly classified. Conclusions: The results highlight that the combination of medium resolution imagery and machine learning techniques may add valuable information about surface and canopy fuel variables at large scales, whereby crown fire potential and the potential type of wildfire can be classified.SIWe are grateful to the Galician Government and European Social Fund (Official Journal of Galicia DOG n° 52, 17 March 2014, p. 11343, exp: POS-A/2013/049) for financing the postdoctoral research stays of Eduardo González-Ferreiro at different institutions

Evaluation of the Expression of Genes Associated with Inflammation and Apoptosis in Androgenetic Alopecia by Targeted RNA-Seq

Abstract Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or male pattern baldness is the most common form of hair loss in humans. Despite being a very frequent dermatological entity, molecular pathophysiology remains unclear. Several authors relate the presentation of AGA with a premature apoptotic process during the anagen phase and with an inflammatory microenvironment in the hair follicle. We evaluated a panel of 30 genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis in 5 AGA patients by targeted RNA-Seq. WNT7A gene was highly expressed in patients in stages 3V to 5 on the Hamilton-Norwood scale compared to patients with 5A stage. CASP7 and TNF genes were overexpressed in stages 3V and 4 compared to stages 5 and 5A. Overexpression of these genes detected only at early stages of AGA proves the role of WNT pathway, apoptosis, and inflammation in the development of this disorder

Benefit-risk profile of cytoreductive drugs along with antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke in myeloproliferative neoplasms

We analyzed 597 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) who presented transient ischemic attacks (TIA, n = 270) or ischemic stroke (IS, n = 327). Treatment included aspirin, oral anticoagulants, and cytoreductive drugs. The composite incidence of recurrent TIA and IS, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cardiovascular (CV) death was 4.21 and 19.2%, respectively at one and five years after the index event, an estimate unexpectedly lower than reported in the general population. Patients tended to replicate the first clinical manifestation (hazard ratio, HR: 2.41 and 4.41 for recurrent TIA and IS, respectively); additional factors for recurrent TIA were previous TIA (HR: 3.40) and microvascular disturbances (HR: 2.30); for recurrent IS arterial hypertension (HR: 4.24) and IS occurrence after MPN diagnosis (HR: 4.47). CV mortality was predicted by age over 60 years (HR: 3.98), an index IS (HR: 3.61), and the occurrence of index events after MPN diagnosis (HR: 2.62). Cytoreductive therapy was a strong protective factor (HR: 0.24). The rate of major bleeding was similar to the general population (0.90 per 100 patient-years). In conclusion, the long-term clinical outcome after TIA and IS in MPN appears even more favorable than in the general population, suggesting an advantageous benefit-risk profile of antithrombotic and cytoreductive treatment

La revisión excepcional de precios en Obra Pública. Actualización legislativa 2022

Dentro de las tipologías de contratación de bienes o servicios por parte de la Administración Pública, la contratación de obras establece una serie de particularidades que conllevan el tratamiento singularizado del Contrato de Obras. La implantación del Registro de Contratos del Sector Público permite analizar los datos del mismo para la obtención de una imagen del estado actual de la materia. Hoy en día los contratos de obra representan al menos el 20% del importe total contratado por las Administraciones Públicas, aumentado este porcentaje hasta un 22.8% si se incluyen la concesión de obra pública. Atendiendo a los procedimientos de contratación, el procedimiento abierto es el más utilizado, representa el 49,7% de los contratos. Le sigue en importancia el procedimiento negociado (35,2%), teniendo los demás procedimientos un menor peso. Otro dato importante para tener en cuenta es el importe medio de las distintas tipologías contractuales que permita establecer el orden de magnitud de cada una de ellas. Es significativamente más elevado en el ámbito de la Administración General, principalmente por las grandes infraestructuras que acomete el Estado en materia de carreteras, ferrocarriles, puertos, etc. De los datos expuestos anteriormente se aprecia la importancia que tiene la contratación pública de obras dentro del tejido productivo del país en todos sus niveles. La aparición de circunstancias extraordinarias, como la pandemia desatada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, ha tenido una repercusión directa en el contexto económico y ha derivado en una rotura de las cadenas logísticas, además del aumento exponencial del coste de las materias primas. Como el resto del entorno económico del país, la contratación de obra pública se ha visto gravemente afectada por el encarecimiento de las materias primas. En concreto, los contratistas han visto como el equilibrio económico, en el que se fundamenta la ejecución de este tipo de contratos, ha desaparecido y excedido el principio de riesgo y ventura que deben soportar. La aparición de estas circunstancias era del todo imposible de prever en los procedimientos administrativos en los que se licitaron los contratos y ha derivado en la imposibilidad material de ejecutarlos. El legislador estatal, ante la gravedad de la situación y en el uso de sus facultades competenciales, para atajar la problemática y mitigar los efectos del incremento de costes en las obras, ha optado por la creación de un mecanismo de revisión excepcional de los precios de obra pública y dotado a las comunidades autónomas la potestad de adscribirse, adaptarlo y complementarlo

Hugo Chávez: una década en el poder

Una década de Hugo Chávez Frías y su proyecto político en Venezuela trajo consigo un cambio de paradigmas que llama la atención de la sociedad en general. Este libro es el resultado del esfuerzo conjunto de un grupo de académicos de distintas nacionalidades que desde sus líneas de investigación realizan análisis que le brindan al lector elementos para comprender de manera global lo que significa una década de gobierno del Presidente Chávez en Venezuela.Este libro es el resultado del esfuerzo conjunto de un grupo de académicos de distintas nacionalidades que desde sus líneas de investigación realizan análisis que le brindan al lector elementos para comprender de manera global lo que significa una década de gobierno del Presidente Chávez en Venezuela

Machine Learning Improves Risk Stratification in Myelofibrosis: An Analysis of the Spanish Registry of Myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with heterogeneous clinical course. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remains the only curative therapy, but its morbidity and mortality require careful candidate selection. Therefore, accurate disease risk prognostication is critical for treatment decision-making. We obtained registry data from patients diagnosed with MF in 60 Spanish institutions (N = 1386). These were randomly divided into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). A machine learning (ML) technique (random forest) was used to model overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in the training set, and the results were validated in the test set. We derived the AIPSS-MF (Artificial Intelligence Prognostic Scoring System for Myelofibrosis) model, which was based on 8 clinical variables at diagnosis and achieved high accuracy in predicting OS (training set c-index, 0.750; test set c-index, 0.744) and LFS (training set c-index, 0.697; test set c-index, 0.703). No improvement was obtained with the inclusion of MPN driver mutations in the model. We were unable to adequately assess the potential benefit of including adverse cytogenetics or high-risk mutations due to the lack of these data in many patients. AIPSS-MF was superior to the IPSS regardless of MF subtype and age range and outperformed the MYSEC-PM in patients with secondary MF. In conclusion, we have developed a prediction model based exclusively on clinical variables that provides individualized prognostic estimates in patients with primary and secondary MF. The use of AIPSS-MF in combination with predictive models that incorporate genetic information may improve disease risk stratification