Estudio del impacto de los incendios en medios forestales y su recuperación: brioflora de un carrascal mediterráneo.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de la recuperación de la briofiora de un carrascal de Navarra (España) durante los 16 primeros meses después de incendios controlados

Cancer screening in Spain

Objective: To describe the current status of breast, colorectal and cervical cancer screening in Spain. Methodology: The situation was analysed on the basis of data drawn from surveys conducted in each autonomous region (Comunidad Autónoma). Results: Currently, breast cancer screening coverage is 100%. In 2007, overall participation was 67.0% with an adherence of 91.2%. The detection rate was 3.4 per thousand, 15.1% intraductal and 30% invasive <1 cm in diameter, with 65% showing axilary node negative. Colorectal cancer screening had been implemented in six regions (4.5% of the target population). Participation ranged from 17.2% to 42.3%, with positive test percentages ranging from 1.7 per thousand (guaiac) to 9.5% (immunological). The invasive cancer detection rate was 1.7 per thousand (guaiac) and 3.4 per thousand (immunological). In most cases, cervical cancer screening was undertaken opportunistically, with an estimated coverage of 69.0%. Conclusions: In Spain, cancer screening is being conducted in accordance with national and international recommendations. The fact that screening programmes are operated as a network has led to a high degree of consensus as to the methodology and information systems to be used to enable joint evaluation

EXPERIENCIAS DEMOSTRATIVAS SOBRE LA GESTIÓN SOSTENIBLE DEL USO DEL AGUA DE RIEGO, PARA REDUCIR EL GASTO ENERGÉTICO Y LAS EMISIONES DE GEI

[ES] La elección de un marco de riego y el estudio de materiales que permitan reducir las pérdidas de carga de una instalación, de manera que se consiga reducir la demanda de presión y por tanto la factura eléctrica con la misma efectividad de riego es clave, teniendo en cuenta que su vida útil es mayor de 20 años. Esto supondrá un ahorro continuado en el tiempo de explotación de la instalación. Además de este factor energético, es crucial determinar la Huella de Carbono de las intalaciones de riego, así como establecer la comparativa de la Huella de Carbono de los materiales utilizados en los dos marcos de riego (18 x 15T vs 12 x 15T) con sus diferentes variantes de instalación.Goñi Labat, M.; Puig Arrastia, J.; Ederra Gil, I. (2015). EXPERIENCIAS DEMOSTRATIVAS SOBRE LA GESTIÓN SOSTENIBLE DEL USO DEL AGUA DE RIEGO, PARA REDUCIR EL GASTO ENERGÉTICO Y LAS EMISIONES DE GEI. En XXXIII CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RIEGOS. Valencia 16-18 junio de 2015. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CNRiegos.2015.1448OC

Aportaciones al conocimiento de la flora briológica española. Notula X: musgos y hepáticas de la vertiente noroccidental de Sierra Morena (Badajoz)

Se presenta un catálogo de 157 briófitos (33 Hepaticae y 124 Musci) de la vertiente noroccidental de Sierra Morena (Badajoz). Destacamos la presencia de Orthotrichum acuminatum, Phascum cuspidatum, Triquetrella arapilensis, Tortula baetica, T. Virescens, Didymodon nicholsonii y Cephaloziella stellulifera, raras o encontradas por primera vez en Extremadura (España). Summary: A list of 157 bryophytes (33 Liverworts and 124 Mosses) of the northwestern slope of Sierra Morena (Badajoz) is given. We remark the presence of Orthotrichum acuminatum, Phascum cuspidatum, Triquetrella arapilensis, Tortula baetica, T. Virescens, Didymodon nicholsonii and Cephaloziella stellulifera, rares or found for the first time in Extremadura (Spain)

Expression Profiling Analysis Reveals Key MicroRNA– mRNA Interactions in Early Retinal Degeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) that might play an important role in the etiology of retinal degeneration in a genetic mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (rd10 mice) at initial stages of the disease. Methods. miRNAs-mRNA interaction networks were generated for analysis of biological pathways involved in retinal degeneration. RESULTS. Of more than 1900 miRNAs analyzed, we selected 19 miRNAs on the basis of (1) a significant differential expression in rd10 retinas compared with control samples and (2) an inverse expression relationship with predicted mRNA targets involved in biological pathways relevant to retinal biology and/or degeneration. Seven of the selected miRNAs have been associated with retinal dystrophies, whereas, to our knowledge, nine have not been previously linked to any disease. CONCLUSIONS. This study contributes to our understanding of the etiology and progression of retinal degeneration.Supported by the Fundacion Jesus de Gangoiti Barrera and from the Basque Government's Department of Industry and Education Grants SAIOTEK-PE11BN002, PC12BN001, and DEPLC13/002 (AA, JRE); funds from Foundation of Patients of Retinitis Pigmentosa of Gipuzkoa (Retinosis Gipuzkoa Begisare) (OB); a grant from the Fundacion Mutua Madrilena (OB); Basque Government's Department of Education grants DEDUC14/309 (MEI), Diputacion Foral de Gipuzkoa DFG15/006 (MM-C), and ELKARTEK 16/014 (MM-C); National Institute of Health Carlos III (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) Grants ISCIII: CP10/00572 (JRE), PI13/02621 (JRE); an Intensificacion Contract (ALdM) from the Basque Government's Department of Industry; and a grant from the Foundation of Patients of Retinitis Pigmentosa of Gipuzkoa (Retinosis Gipuzkoa Begisare) (JRE). JR-E is a Miguel Servet II Fellow, National Institute of Health Carlos III (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), ISCIII: CPII16/00012

Biomonitoring of metal deposition in northern Spain by moss analysis

The results of the first survey carried out in northern Spain to determine atmospheric deposition of metals by analysis of terrestrial mosses, are described. Samples of different mosses, mainly Hypnum cupressiforme and Scleropodium purum, were collected from 134 sampling sites, between 1995 and 1996. Levels of Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn, were determined by flame atomic absorption or atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. Regression analysis was used to compare the capacity of the selected moss species to accumulate the elements, and intercalibration of accumulation in these species was carried out where necessary. Distribution maps were prepared to allow the zones most affected by metal deposition to be identified and to relate this to known sources of contamination: electricity power stations and other industries (e.g. Hg and Ni), edaphic contamination (e.g. Al and Cr) and road traffic (Pb). Background levels of metals in each species were also determined for the study area

Compliance with current dietary recommendations and geographical variability of diet in women participating in 7 screening programs for breast cancer in Spain

Introducción: Una dieta saludable es especialmente importante durante la menopausia, periodo en el que aumenta el riesgo de varios problemas de salud. Analizamos la dieta de mujeres peri y postmenopáusicas españolas y el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones actuales. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en 3.574 mujeres de 45-68 años que acuden al cribado de cáncer de mama en 7 centros (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia y Zaragoza). Se recogió la dieta mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos validado para población española. Para la valoración del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones actuales se utilizaron los rangos recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria para ingesta de grupos de alimentos y las Ingestas Diarias Recomendadas (IDR) para energía, vitaminas y minerales de la Federación Española de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética. Resultados: El 29% de las mujeres eran obesas y un 42% tenía sobrepeso. El aporte calórico medio fue de 2.053 kcal (DE: 480). El perfil calórico general fue de: 43% de la energía aportada por lo carbohidratos, 36% por las grasas, 20% por las proteínas. Se evidenció una ingesta deficiente de vitamina D en todos los nodos del estudio, con una ingesta media general de 2,14 μg/día. Se detectó a su vez una ingesta deficitaria de vitamina E en A Coruña y Burgos. Todos los centros presentaron una ingesta elevada de productos lácteos y de legumbres. El consumo de frutas y verduras fue muy heterogéneo siendo especialmente elevada su ingesta en Mallorca y Valencia mientras que fue baja para ambos grupos de alimentos en A Coruña. La ingesta de aceite de oliva fue elevada en todos los centros exceptuando Burgos con un 74,3% de las mujeres estudiadas por debajo de las 3 raciones al día recomendadas. Conclusiones: Una dieta con menos grasas y proteínas y más rica en vegetales, frutos secos y alimentos ricos en hidratos de carbono equilibraría el balance energético y mejoraría la calidad de la dieta corrigiendo las bajas ingestas de vitaminas D y E. Estas recomendaciones son especialmente importantes en las ciudades más alejadas de la costa mediterránea donde se han detectado mayores incumplimientos de las recomendaciones vigentes y una dieta más alejada de la dieta mediterránea.Introduction: A healthy diet is especially important during menopause, a period which increases the risk of various health problems. We analyzed the diet of periand postmenopausal Spanish women and the degree of compliance with current recommendations. Material and methods: We studied 3574 women 45-68 years old who attended breast cancer screening programmes in 7 centres (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia and Zaragoza). Diet information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire validated for the Spanish population. For the assessment of compliance with current guidelines we used the recommendations by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition for food groups intake and by the Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics for energy, vitamins and minerals intake. Results: The 29% of women were obese and 42% overweight. The average caloric intake was 2.053 kcal (SD 480). The general energy profile was: 43% of the energy from the carbohydrates, 36% from fats, and 20% from proteins. There was a low vitamin D intake in all centres of the study, with an overall mean intake of 2.14 mg/day. A deficit of vitamin E intake in A Coruña and Burgos was also detected. Intake of dairy products and vegetables was high in all the study centers. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was very heterogeneous, with high intakes observed in Mallorca and Valencia and low for both food groups in A Coruña. The olive oil intake was high in all centers except Burgos with 74.3% of the women studied below the recommended 3 servings per day. Conclusions: A diet with less fat and protein and a higher consumption of vegetables, nuts and foods rich in carbohydrate might balance the energy intake and improve the quality of the diet correcting the low intakes of vitamins D and E. These recommendations are especially important in cities far from the Mediterranean coast where more breaches have been detected over the current recommendations with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet.Este estudio ha recibido financiación del Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (proyecto PI060386) y de Astra-Zéneca (convenio de colaboración entre Astra- Zeneca y el Instituto de salud Carlos III 1306-1306 EPY

Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots

Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental-friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil-hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil-root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil-borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.This work is framed in the networking activities of RedVitis (AGL2015-70931-REDT) and RedVitis 2.0 (AGL2017-90759-REDT), funded by the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Ms Diana Marin is beneficiary of postgraduate scholarship funded by Universidad Publica de Navarra (FPI-UPNA-2016). Dr Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius acknowledges the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-22228 and Dr David Gramaje acknowledges Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-23098

Differences in breast cancer-risk factors between screen-detected and non-screen-detected cases (MCC-Spain study)

Purpose: The variation in breast cancer (BC)-risk factor associations between screen-detected (SD) and non-screen-detected (NSD) tumors has been poorly studied, despite the interest of this aspect in risk assessment and prevention. This study analyzes the differences in breast cancer-risk factor associations according to detection method and tumor phenotype in Spanish women aged between 50 and 69. Methods: We examined 900 BC cases and 896 controls aged between 50 and 69, recruited in the multicase-control MCC-Spain study. With regard to the cases, 460 were detected by screening mammography, whereas 144 were diagnosed by other means. By tumor phenotype, 591 were HR+, 153 were HER2+, and 58 were TN. Lifestyle, reproductive factors, family history of BC, and tumor characteristics were analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to compare cases vs. controls and SD vs. NSD cases. Multinomial regression models (controls used as a reference) were adjusted for case analysis according to phenotype and detection method. Results: TN was associated with a lower risk of SD BC (OR 0.30 IC 0.10-0.89), as were intermediate (OR 0.18 IC 0.07-0.44) and advanced stages at diagnosis (OR 0.11 IC 0.03-0.34). Nulliparity in postmenopausal women and age at menopause were related to an increased risk of SD BC (OR 1.60 IC 1.08-2.36; OR 1.48 IC 1.09-2.00, respectively). Nulliparity in postmenopausal women was associated with a higher risk of HR+ (OR 1.66 IC 1.15-2.40). Age at menopause was related to a greater risk of HR+ (OR 1.60 IC 1.22-2.11) and HER2+ (OR 1.59 IC 1.03-2.45) tumors. Conclusion: Reproductive risk factors are associated with SD BC, as are HR+ tumors. Differences in BC-risk factor associations according to detection method may be related to prevailing phenotypes among categories