PEMBELAJARAN MENYAMPAIKAN PERSETUJUAN TEKS NEGOSIASI SEBAGAI SARANA MELATIH KEBERANIAN SISWA DALAM BERBICARA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL RECIPROCAL TEACHING PADA SISWA KELAS X SMA PASUNDAN 7 BANDUNG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018

Penelitian dengan judul “Pembelajaran Menyampaikan Persetujuan Teks Negosiasi Sebagai Sarana Melatih Keberanian Siswa Dalam Berbicara dengan Menggunakan Model Reciprocal Teaching pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Pasundan 7 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018” ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektif atau tidaknya model reciprocal teaching digunakan dalam pembelajaran menyampaikan persetujuan teks negosiasi sebagai sarana melatih keberanian siswa dalam berbicara. Rumusan masalah yang penulis ajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut (1) Mampukah penulis merencanakan, melaksanakan, dan menilai pembelajaran menyampaikan persetujuan teks negosiasi sebagai sarana melatih keberanin siswa dalam berbicara dengan menggunakan model reciprocal teaching pada siswa kelas X SMA Pasundan 7 Bandung tahun ajaran 2017/2018? (2) Mampukah siswa kelas X SMA Pasundan 7 Bandung mengikuti prates dan pascates pada pembelajaran menyampaikan persetujuan teks negosiasi sebagai sarana melatih keberanian siswa dalam berbicara dengan menggunakan model reciprocal teaching? (3) Efektifkah model reciprocal teaching dalam pembelajaran menyampaikan persetujuan teks negosiasi sebagai sarana melatih keberanian siswa dalam berbicara pada kelas X SMA Pasudan 7 Bandung? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu, yaitu penelitian dengan hanya menggunakan satu kelompok sampel dan tidak ada kelompok lain sebagai pembanding. Prates dan pascates digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan yang berupa pembelajaran menyampaikan persetujuan teks negosiasi sebagai sarana melatih keberanian siswa dalam berbicara dengan menggunakan model reciprocal teaching. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil perhitungan statistik, diketahui t hitung ≥ t tabel, yaitu 22,400 > 2,09 pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%, taraf signifikan 5% dan derajat kebebasan 20. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, maka disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan hipotesis yang peneliti ajukan dapat diterima. Kata kunci : menyampaikan, model reciprocal teaching, teks negosias

PERUBAHAN FONEM PADA BAHASA BETAWI (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA TUA)

Betawi language is the regional language that is most closely related to Indonesian because it has a vocabulary that is not much different and there is a certain application of phonemes in the sound of words, causing interference in the phonological sub-study in Indonesian, namely phoneme changes. This study aims to identify and explain variations in phoneme changes as well as grammatical meanings resulting from these changes. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with primary data sources, namely words spoken by Betawi speakers. Data collection techniques use interview, fishing rod, intensive listening, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis techniques carried out by researchers include: (1) taking a close look at the data that has been collected, (2) identifying data based on their groups, (3) analyzing data, (4) concluding and presenting the results. The results showed that there were variations in phoneme changes caused by agreement in the geographical scope, afferes, syncope, and apocope type contractions, as well as monophtongization. In addition, there is no change in the grammatical meaning of each word found

ANALISIS LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS DAN ARUS KAS OPERASI TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS DENGAN KOMITE AUDIT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas, solvabilitas dan arus kas operasi terhadap financial distress dengan komite audit sebagai variabel moderasi. Metode purposive sampling digunakan sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel dengan 28 perusahaan terpilih dari seluruh perusahaan infrastruktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2020 – 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dengan teknik dokumentasi dari laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan perusahaan. Data diolah menggunakan analisis regresi data panel dengan nilai selisih mutlak menggunakan program Eviews 12. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan likuiditas dan arus kas operasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress sehingga dapat mendukung teori sinyal dan dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi bagi perusahaan agar selalu menjaga nilai likuiditas dan kestabilan arus kas operasinya. Sedangkan solvabilitas tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap financial distress. Kemudian komite audit sebagai variabel moderasi tidak mampu memperkuat hubungan seluruh variabel independen yaitu likuiditas, solvabilitas dan arus kas operasi terhadap financial distress. Hal tersebut karena variabel independen dalam penelitian ini tidak masuk ke dalam pengawasan yang dapat dilakukan oleh komite audit. *** This study was conducted to determine the effect of liquidity, solvency and operating cash flow on financial distress with the audit committee as a moderation variable. The purposive sampling method is used as a sampling technique with 28 selected companies from all infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020 – 2021. This research uses secondary data obtained by documentation techniques from the company's financial statements and annual reports. The data was processed using panel data regression analysis with absolute difference values using the Eviews 12 program. The results of this study show that liquidity and operating cash flow have a significant effect on financial distress so that it can support signal theory and be used as evaluation material for companies to always maintain the value of liquidity and stability of their operating cash flows. While solvency has no influence on financial distress. Then the audit committee as a moderation variable is unable to strengthen the relationship of all independent variables, namely liquidity, solvency and operating cash flow to financial distress. This is because the independent variable in this study does not enter into the supervision that can be carried out by the audit committee

PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN RAMBUTAN (NAPALEUM LAPPACEUM L.) TERHADAP KADAR LDL DAN HDL PADA TIKUS JANTAN

The leaves of the rambutan (Napaleum lappaceum l.) is alleged to have activity as antihiperlipidemia. This research aims to know the activity of ethanol extract of antihiperlipidemia leaves on animal model of rambutan induced with foods high in carbohydrates and fat. Research methodology used in modeling animal experiments as much as 30 white rats Wistar strain males aged 2-3 months and weight 150-220 grams are grouped into 6 groups  , namely the Group of negative control positive control group (Group induction), the standar group (simvastatin 0,9 mg/kgBw) and group test of ethanol extract of rambutan leave with a dose of 17,5, 35 and 70 mg/kgBw. All groups except the negative control induced eating high carbs and fats as food every day for 29 days. The comparison test and extract given every day in per-oral 3 hours after animals induced. The observed parameters i.e. LDL and HDL cholesterol levels specified are enzymatic. From the results of the study showed that ethanol extracts of leaves of herbs against LDL levels and can increase HDL levels at 70 mg/dose KgBB has the same activity with the activity checklist 0.9 mg/dose simvastatin KgBB. It can be concluded that ethanol extracts of leaves of herbs have lower levels of activity in the LDL and increase HDL levels is best with a dose of 70 mg/kgBw

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KETELADANAN GURU DAN KOMPETENSI KEPALA SEKOLAH DENGAN PRESTASI KERJA GURU PAI DI SMPN 3 JATIWANGI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA

Elis Susilawati, The connection between Teacher Models and Principal Competence with GPAI work achievement in SMPN 3 Jatiwangi Majalengka Regency. Naturally, there are teacher and student element in the school. The principal is a teacher who get management duty. As the teacher is in every subjects included Pendidikan Agama Islam ( Islam Education Formal ) hoped having model characteristic and can do duty by showing maximal achievement. In other hand need principal support that having manage competence and motivate teacher activity. The aim of research is; 1) to know how big the connection between the teacher model and work achievement of the Pendidikan Agama Islam teacher in SMPN 3 Jatiwangi, Majalengka regency, 2) to know how the connection between principal competence and work achievement of the Pendidikan Agama Islam teacher in SMPN 3 Jatiwangi, Majalengka regency, 3) to know how the connection between teacher model and principal competence with work achievement of Pendidikan Agama Islam teacher together in SMPN 3 Jatiwangi, Majalengka regency. The research method is quantitative with the location in SMPN 3 Jatiwangi, Majalengka regency. The sample is about 41 person and there are 3 variables are going to be analyzed by statistic formulation; ( X1 ) The teacher’s model, ( X2 ) the principal competence , and ( Y ) work achievement of the Pendidikan Agama Islam teacher. Result of the research , those are ; ( 1 ) there is correlation between teacher model and teacher work achievement ( r ) about 0,744 or 74,4 % and the other 25,6 % is effected by other factors. It means that connection level is strong category, ( 2 ) the correlation among school principal competence to teacher work achievement is 0,731 % or 73, 1 % and the reminder is 26,9 % is influenced by other factor. It means the connection level is in strong category, ( 3 ) based on double regression test got correlation between teacher model and principal competency together to teacher work achievement is about 0,674 % or 67,4 % and reminder is 32,6 % effected by other factor. It means the contribution level is very strong category and compared r table showing number for n = 41 is 0, 308

Aktivitas Antiobesitas Ekstrak Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgynus L.Merr) Pada Model Mencit Obesitas

Obesitas merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya akumulasi lemak yang berlebih dalam tubuh. Obesitas merupakan faktor resiko hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, gangguan jantung dan penyakit pembuluh darah lainnya. Upaya menurunkan obesitas dapat menurunkan resiko penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antiobesitas ekstrak daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus L.Merr) pada model mencit swiss Webster obesitas. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit dikelompokkan secara acak menjadi 6 kelompok  yaitu kelompok normal (menerima pembawa obat), induksi (menerima pembawa obat), pembanding (menerima orlistat 15,6 mg/Kg ), dan 3 kelompok menerima ekstrak daun katuk dosis 100, 200, 400 mg/kg. Semua kelompok (kecuali kelompok normal) diinduksi obesitas dengan fruktosa dan makanan tinggi lemak selama 21 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah bobot badan, indeks makanan, indeks feses, indeks organ, dan indeks lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara penurunan bobot badan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak daun katuk terhadap kelompok induksi (p<0.05). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun katuk mempunyai aktivitas antiobesitas dan ekstrak terbaik dalam menurunkan bobot badan adalah ekstrak daun katuk 400 mg/Kg . Obesity is a condition an over-accumulating of lipids in the body. The weight over than 20 % from normal weight is called obese. The main cause of obesity is the unbalance intakes and outputs of lipids in the body. Obesity is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and other vascular diseases.The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of katuk leaves extracts (Sauropus androgynus L.Merr) as antiobesity on Swiss Webster mice models of obesity. A total of 30 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and 5 mice contains each group, normal, induction, the comparator (orlistat 15.6 mg / Kg), katuk leaves extract 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg. Parameters measured were body weight, food index, feces index, organ index and fat index. Results showed that there were significant differences in weight loss parameters between treatment groups were given the katuk leaves extract compare to the control group (p<0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the katuk leaves extract has antiobesity activity and the best extract as antiobesity was katuk leaves extract dose of 400 mg / Kg

Omnibus Method in National Legal Development Efforts

Pancasila is the view of life of the nation and state which is the basis for the implementation of national life. The precepts in "Pancasila" are the crystallization of the values​​that live in Indonesian society. This is certainly a new thing in the Indonesian legal system which is more inclined towards the civil law system. The omnibus concept is better known in countries with a common law system. However, as stated by Mochtar Kusumaatmadja thatin efforts to develop law there must be alignment between the national legal system and the development of modern law from other countries. This alignment is solely intended so that the law can adapt to the times.The method used in this research is the normative legal method. -Invitation” which accommodates the omnibus method. This method is an effective and efficient effort to overcome regulatory obesity that occurs in Indonesia. However, in its implementation, future improvements are needed to achieve the target to be achieved

Antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of wood ear mushroom (Auricularia auricula)

Infection is a disease caused by pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wood ear mushroom (Auricularia auricula) has been empirically and scientifically proven as an agent that can treat infections because it contains antimicrobial properties like polysaccharide and protein complex. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of the A. auricula extracts and fractions. The first stage of the test comprised the collection, determination, and processing of the test plant. The simplicia was characterized by its water content, ash content, acid solubility, and total ash content. The next step was reflux extraction using 96% ethanol. After a concentrated extract was formed, it was subjected to phytochemical screening and fractionation using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water solvents. Each of the A. auricula extracts and fractions was tested for antimicrobial activity. Microdilution method was employed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), which were later compared with the antibiotic properties of tetracycline. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe any morphological changes in the tested bacteria. The MICs of the A. auricula extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction against S. aureus were 256 μg/mL, 128 μg/mL, and 64 μg/mL, respectively. However, the bactericidal effects of the test mushroom were not achieved in the experiment. Based on the MICs, the ethyl acetate fraction has the best inhibitory activity. Moreover, the bioautography test of this fraction produced Rf value= 0.78, implying the formation of a zone of growth inhibition. The SEM of the A. auricula extracts and fractions proved that this mushroom altered the morphology of S. aureus bacteria—i.e., the cells became rounded and tapered and showed indications of cell shrinkage and damage. As a conclusion, the ethyl acetate fraction of A. auricula has the best antimicrobial activity against S. aureus