Critical Behavior of the Supersolid transition in Bose-Hubbard Models

We study the phase transitions of interacting bosons at zero temperature between superfluid (SF) and supersolid (SS) states. The latter are characterized by simultaneous off-diagonal long-range order and broken translational symmetry. The critical phenomena is described by a long-wavelength effective action, derived on symmetry grounds and verified by explicit calculation. We consider two types of supersolid ordering: checkerboard (X) and collinear (C), which are the simplest cases arising in two dimensions on a square lattice. We find that the SF--CSS transition is in the three-dimensional XY universality class. The SF--XSS transition exhibits non-trivial new critical behavior, and appears, within a $d=3-\epsilon$ expansion to be driven generically first order by fluctuations. However, within a one--loop calculation directly in $d=2$ a strong coupling fixed point with striking ``non-Bose liquid'' behavior is found. At special isolated multi-critical points of particle-hole symmetry, the system falls into the 3d Ising universality class.Comment: RevTeX, 24 pages, 16 figures. Also available at http://www.cip.physik.tu-muenchen.de/tumphy/d/T34/Mitarbeiter/frey.htm

Onset of Superfluidity in 4He Films Adsorbed on Disordered Substrates

We have studied 4He films adsorbed in two porous glasses, aerogel and Vycor, using high precision torsional oscillator and DC calorimetry techniques. Our investigation focused on the onset of superfluidity at low temperatures as the 4He coverage is increased. Torsional oscillator measurements of the 4He-aerogel system were used to determine the superfluid density of films with transition temperatures as low as 20 mK. Heat capacity measurements of the 4He-Vycor system probed the excitation spectrum of both non-superfluid and superfluid films for temperatures down to 10 mK. Both sets of measurements suggest that the critical coverage for the onset of superfluidity corresponds to a mobility edge in the chemical potential, so that the onset transition is the bosonic analog of a superconductor-insulator transition. The superfluid density measurements, however, are not in agreement with the scaling theory of an onset transition from a gapless, Bose glass phase to a superfluid. The heat capacity measurements show that the non-superfluid phase is better characterized as an insulator with a gap.Comment: 15 pages (RevTex), 21 figures (postscript

Metastable States in Spin Glasses and Disordered Ferromagnets

We study analytically M-spin-flip stable states in disordered short-ranged Ising models (spin glasses and ferromagnets) in all dimensions and for all M. Our approach is primarily dynamical and is based on the convergence of a zero-temperature dynamical process with flips of lattice animals up to size M and starting from a deep quench, to a metastable limit. The results (rigorous and nonrigorous, in infinite and finite volumes) concern many aspects of metastable states: their numbers, basins of attraction, energy densities, overlaps, remanent magnetizations and relations to thermodynamic states. For example, we show that their overlap distribution is a delta-function at zero. We also define a dynamics for M=infinity, which provides a potential tool for investigating ground state structure.Comment: 34 pages (LaTeX); to appear in Physical Review

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Basic materials studies sinterable high purity BeO final report /

"United States Air Force Contract no. AF 33 (600)-38062 ; United States Atomic Energy Commission Contract no. AT(11-1)-171.""June 30, 1961.""TID 4500 (16th ed.) UC-4 Chemistry."Include bibliographical references (p. 37-38)Mode of access: Internet

Modelagem e estimação de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos para pesos do nascimento à seleção (378 dias) de machos Nelore Modeling and estimation of genetic parameters for weights from birth to selection age (378 Days) of Nellore males

Parâmetros genéticos para pesos (17.942 observações), obtidos em intervalos de 60 dias, do nascimento ao momento da seleção (378 dias de idade), de 2.582 animais machos da raça Nelore, foram estimados em análises univariadas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita. Os modelos de análise incluíram os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos, mês de nascimento, idade da mãe e idade na pesagem como covariável. Três modelos diferindo nos efeitos aleatórios foram testados: o modelo1 (M1) ajustou para os efeitos genéticos aditivos direto e materno e de ambiente permanente materno; no modelo 2 (M2), excluiu-se o efeito genético materno; e o modelo 3 (M3) ajustou somente para o efeito genético aditivo direto. O teste de razão de verossimilhança (LRT) detectou diferenças significativas para todas as idades, de M2 e M1 com o modelo simples (M3), evidenciando a importância dos efeitos maternos. Com exceção do peso ao nascer (0,40), valores baixos (0,05 a 0,12) de h² foram estimados em M1 e M2 para os pesos até os 8 meses de idade. Após esse período a herdabilidade foi maior, chegando a 0,28 aos 13 meses de idade. As estimativas da fração da variância total, em decorrência do efeito de ambiente permanente materno, foram altas e permaneceram praticamente inalteradas nos modelos 1 e 2. Efeitos maternos, não necessariamente decompostos (em genético aditivo e ambiente permanente), influenciaram o crescimento de animais machos da raça Nelore. Modelos nos quais foram incluídos efeitos maternos, além do genético aditivo direto, foram mais adequados para descrever a trajetória das variâncias ao longo das fases iniciais de crescimento de machos Nelore.<br>Genetic parameters for weights (17, 942 records), obtained in intervals of 60 days, from the birth to selection (378 days of age), of 2,582 males of the Nellore breed was estimated in univariate analyses by the Maximum Restricted Likelihood method. The models of analysis models included the fixed effects of contemporary groups, month of birth, mother age and age when the weights were collected as covariate. Three models differing in random effects were tested: the model 1 (M1) was adjusted for the direct and maternal addictive genetic effects and maternal permanent environment; in model 2 (M2) the maternal genetic effect was excluded; and the model 3 (M3) was only adjusted for the direct addictive genetic effect. The test of likelihood (LRT) detected significant differences, for all the ages, of M2 and M1 in relation to the simple model (M3), evidencing the importance of the maternal effects. Except for the birth weight (0.40), low values (0.05 to 0.12) of h² were found for M1 and M2 until 8 months of age and, after this period, reasonable increase could be observed, reaching 0.28 until 13 months of age. The estimates of the total variance fraction, due to the effect of maternal permanent environment, were high and practically became unaffected between the models 1 and 2. Maternal effects, not necessarily decomposed (in genetic addictive and permanent environment), affected the Nellore males growth. Models that contemplate maternal effects, besides the genetic addictive direct effects, are more realistic to describe the trajectory of the variances in the initial phases of growth of Nelore male calves

Estimação de parâmetros genéticos para peso do nascimento aos 550 dias de idade para animais da raça Tabapuã utilizando-se modelos de regressão aleatória Genetic parameters for weights from birth to 550 days of age of Tabapuã cattle using random regression models

Foram utilizados 21.762 registros de peso do nascimento aos 550 dias de idade de 4.221 animais para estimativa das funções de covariância empregando modelos de regressão aleatória. Os modelos incluíram, como aleatórios, os efeitos genéticos aditivo direto e materno, de ambiente permanente de animal e de ambiente permanente materno e, como fixos, os efeitos de grupo contemporâneo, a idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrático) e o polinômio ortogonal de Legendre da idade do animal (regressão cúbica), como covariáveis. As variâncias residuais foram modeladas por uma função de variâncias com ordens de 2 a 6. Análises com polinômios ortogonais de diversas ordens foram realizadas para os efeitos genético aditivo direto, genético aditivo materno, de ambiente permanente de animal e de ambiente permanente materno. Os modelos foram comparados pelos critérios de informação Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC) e Akaike (AIC). O melhor modelo indicado por todos os critérios foi o que considerou o efeito genético aditivo direto ajustado por um polinômio cúbico, o efeito genético materno ajustado por um polinômio quadrático, o efeito de ambiente permanente de animal ajustado por polinômio quártico e o efeito de ambiente permanente materno ajustado por polinômio linear. As estimativas de herdabilidade para o efeito direto foram maiores no início e no final do período estudado, com valores de 0,28 ao nascimento, 0,21 aos 240 dias e 0,24 aos 550 dias de idade. As estimativas de herdabilidade materna foram maiores aos 160 dias de idade (0,10) que nas demais fases do crescimento. As correlações genéticas variaram de moderadas a altas, diminuindo conforme o aumento da distância entre as idades. Maior eficiência na seleção para peso pode ser obtida considerando os pesos pós-desmama, período em que as estimativas de variância genética e herdabilidade foram superiores.<br>Data provided by the Brazilian Zebu Breeders Association (ABCZ), consisting of 21,762 records from 4,221 animals of Tabapuã cattle, weighted from birth to 550 days of age, were used to estimate covariance functions by random regression models using Legendre polynomials of order two to five. Models included the direct and maternal genetic, animal and maternal permanent environmental random effects and compared by Schwarz&acute;s Bayesian information criteria (BIC) and Akaike&acute;s information criteria (AIC). Both criterions suggested the model including direct genetic, maternal genetic, animal permanent and maternal permanent environmental effects respectively adjusted by cubic, quadratic, fourth order and linear polynomials, and residual variances adjusted by fifth order variance function as the best one to describe the covariance structure of the used database. Direct heritability estimates were higher at the beginning and at the end of the growth trajectory. Maternal heritability estimates increased from birth to 160 days of age and decreased thereafter. In general, genetic correlation estimates decreased as age between weights increased. Efficiency of selection may be improved by using weights of the post weaning period because of their higher genetic variance and heritability estimates