Pragmalinguistic Potential of Instructive Text

An instruction is considered as a form of discursive values fixation in the pragmalinguistic aspect, which allows one to analyze the specifics of text formation. The results of a discursive analysis of instructions for cosmetic products, medical preparations, and household appliances are presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the pragmalinguistic potential of instructive texts, represented by intentional plans of informativeness, prescriptiveness, beneficence. The distinctions of the representation of the indicated values are revealed using grammatical means expressing contextually determined shades of meanings. There is a review of the works in which the discussion of the type of speech influence in the instructions is raised. The novelty of the study consists in the consideration of the instructive text as a result of the discourse deployment, based on the factors of the addressee, addressant, subject area, time and place of resolution of the communicative situation, thereby revealing the specificity of the speech impact. The relevance of the study is due to the authors' appeal to the pragmalinguistic description of the text, which correlates with the anthropocentric approach in modern studies. The authors analyze in details the ways to implement direct and indirect motivation with the help of appropriate verbal forms, the features of the distribution of verbal forms containing important information about the way actions are performed and some syntactic constructions

Disturbances of early embryogenesis in high-productive dairy cows

The article presents research materials to identify signs of the manifestation of early embryogenesis-developmental delay syndrome and intrauterine flexibility in dairy cows. The syndrome of delayed development of the embryo and fetus is recorded in 33.0% of fertilized cows, and intrauterine flexibility in 16.5%, including with productivity of 4, 000-5, 000 kg, respectively, at 26.9% and 11.9%, with productivity of 6, 000-7, 000 kg at 33.2% and 16.8%, and with productivity of 8, 000-9, 000 kg at 38.9% and 20.0%. Developmental syndrome and prenatal flexibility are most often diagnosed in first-lactation cows (45.5% and 25.4%) and have a tendency to lower the age of animals, as well as in animals fertilized after four or more insemination-47.6% and 30.8%, which is, respectively, 1.96 and 3.58 times more compared to cows which were pregnant after the first insemination. There is a tendency to reduce the size of the corpus luteum in the first 3 weeks of pregnancy, even during the physiological course, including within 5-6 days-by 14.7%-23.7%, 10-12 days-by 6.7%-11.6%, and 1923 days - by 4.8-7.7%. Factors indicating malnutrition of the developing embryo and fetus. During the physiological course of pregnancy, in 38-45 days, the embryo’s length is longer compared to cows with delay syndrome and prenatal flexibility, respectively, 1.66 and 3.19 times, body diameter - 1.53 and 3.18 times, 60-65 days, it was, respectively, 1.85 and 1.4 times. The size of the fetus in highly productive cows is smaller than in animals with lower milk productivity-by 4.6%-7.7% and 9.4%-23.0%. Compared with animals suffering from the embryo and fetal growth retardation, progesterone levels increase by 8.5%-33.8%. Pregnancy in highly productive cows occurs against the background of low progesterone levels, which is a risk. In high-yielding cows, progesterone levels, even with the physiological course of pregnancy, are lower than those of low-producing animals by 16.9%-25.3%. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

Microsecond acquisition of heterogeneous structure in the folding of a TIM barrel protein

The earliest kinetic folding events for (βα)8 barrels reflect the appearance of off-pathway intermediates. Continuous-flow microchannel mixing methods interfaced to small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), circular dichroism (CD), time-resolved Förster resonant energy transfer (trFRET), and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (trFLAN) have been used to directly monitor global and specific dimensional properties of the partially folded state in the microsecond time range for a representative (βα)8 barrel protein. Within 150 μs, the α-subunit of Trp synthase (αTS) experiences a global collapse and the partial formation of secondary structure. The time resolution of the folding reaction was enhanced with trFRET and trFLAN to show that, within 30 μs, a distinct and autonomous partially collapsed structure has already formed in the N-terminal and central regions but not in the C-terminal region. A distance distribution analysis of the trFRET data confirmed the presence of a heterogeneous ensemble that persists for several hundreds of microseconds. Ready access to locally folded, stable substructures may be a hallmark of repeat-module proteins and the source of early kinetic traps in these very common motifs. Their folding free-energy landscapes should be elaborated to capture this source of frustration