Fear as a device of classification: notes for thinking about political subjectification

Indexación: Revista UNAB.El presente escrito busca desarrollar una discusión crítica respecto del lugar que ocupa el miedo en relación con las formas de subjetivación en el contexto de las sociedades globales contemporáneas. Esto exige una recomprensión de los fenómenos asociados al miedo, entendiéndolos como formaciones propias de un dispositivo de clasificación cuyo objeto y alcance deriva en la producción de política de subjetividades. A partir de esta funcionalidad del miedo, proponemos que este puede ser comprendido como nodo articulador de la subjetividad contemporánea en torno a los modos de organización política de la violencia, concentrados alrededor de tecnologías de producción, legitimación y reconocimiento identitario.This paper seeks to develop a critical discussion about the place of fear in relation to forms of subjectification in the context of contemporary global societies. This requires a re-understanding of the phenomena associated with fear, understood as formations related to a classification device whose object and scope derives in the production of politics of subjectivities. From this functionality of fear, we propose that it can be understood as an articulating node of contemporary subjectivity through modes of political organization of violence concentrated around technologies of production, legitimation and identity recognition

Determinantes del comercio intra-industrial en el Grupo de los Tres

El comercio intra-industrial regional permite una menor dependencia del sector primario y facilita el proceso de integración comercial al reducir los costos de ajuste en la estructura productiva. En este trabajo se analizan los determinantes del comercio intra-industrial en el Grupo de los Tres. El documento se divide en cuatro partes. Primero, se ofrece una explicación teórica del comercio intra-industrial. Segundo, se presenta una descripción de la estructura comercial del Grupo de los Tres. Tercero, se muestra la evolución y los niveles bilaterales del comercio intra-industrial entre sus miembros. Y por último, se explican los determinantes fundamentales que lo originan, mediante la utilización de un modelo econométrico.comercio intra industrial, integración regional, Grupo de los Tres

Nota corta. Análisis de heterogeneidad entre aislados de Mycoplasma pullorum por medio de técnicas de amplificación de DNA polimórfico

Mycoplasmas were isolated from chickens with respiratory problems during field investigations of a concentrated respiratory disease outbreak in western Cuba, 1997. A high percentage of mycoplasma cultures from tracheas and air-sac lesions yielded pure cultures of Mycoplasma pullorum. The aim of the present work was to investigate the heterogeneity among M. pullorum isolates from Cuba and strains from other countries using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. The results show that the RAPD method may be a useful identification tool for studying the epidemiology of poultry mycoplasmosis in Cuba.En 1997 se aislaron micoplasmas en el curso de investigaciones de campo en pollos con un brote de enfermedad respiratoria localizada en la zona oeste de Cuba. Un alto porcentaje de los cultivos de micoplasmas procedentes de lesiones de tráquea y alveolos revelaron la presencia de Mycoplasma pullorum. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la heterogeneidad de los aislados cubanos entre sí y con cepas de otros países, mediante la técnica RAPD (DNA polimórfico amplificado al azar). Los resultados muestran que la técnica RAPD puede ser una herramienta de identificación útil en el estudio de la epidemiología de la micoplasmosis aviar en Cuba

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study on Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Morbidities According to Severity Grading

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication associated with extreme prematurity. Although several criteria defining severity were developed over time, there are a few studies describing the differences in BPD phenotype and neonatal morbidities and complications between severity groups. We aimed to describe these differences in BPD patients of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study through a medical record review over a five-year period. Participants were newborns admitted to an NICU who were diagnosed with BPD. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis of gestational complications and the use of antenatal corticosteroid therapy, birth-related data, and complications throughout the NICU stay, as well as the respiratory support used. We also compared different severity groups across these variables. The patients were divided into severe and non-severe BPD using the severity criteria of the 2001 NICHD/NHLBI/ORD consensus workshop. Results: A total of 101 newborns with BPD participated in the study and 73 had data on BPD severity. The median gestational age was 27 weeks, ranging from 23 to 32 weeks. Of these 73 newborns, 36 had mild BPD (49.3%), 10 had moderate BPD (13.7%), and 27 had severe BPD (37.0%). When comparing severe and non-severe BPD, we found that extreme prematurity, extremely low birth weight, and small size for gestational age were more frequent in the severe BPD group (p-value=0.012, p-value<0.001, and p-value=0.012, respectively). Infants with severe BPD had a longer duration of invasive ventilation than those with mild or moderate BPD (p-value<0.001). Late sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe brain injury, and retinopathy of prematurity were more frequent in severe BPD (p-value=0.017, p-value=0.045, p-value=0.033, p-value=0.003, respectively). Discussion: Previously published evidence describing causal links between BPD development and comorbidities exists but data on their impact on BPD severity are scarce. In our study, severe BPD seemed to be associated with a higher frequency of comorbidities and complications. Further studies are needed to ascertain the impact of each morbidity on the severity of BPD and if measures to prevent them could lead to potentially milder BPD disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Couples extrinsic emotion regulation questionnaire: Psychometric validation in a Chilean population

The way couples regulate their emotions affects the quality of their relationship. Despite this, no evidence-based scales of validity and reliability can measure the intention to regulate emotions in the romantic dyad. In order to address this gap, we developed the Couples Extrinsic Emotion Regulation (CEER) questionnaire. First, we adapted the “Others” subscale from the Emotion Regulation of Others and Self questionnaire (EROS) for any close relationship to measure the intention to regulate emotions in couples; second, the psychometric properties of the CEER questionnaire were studied. For the content validity assessment, 23 experts (47.8% of whom worked in social and health psychology and the psychology of emotions, 17.4% in couples’ therapy, and 34.8% in social science methodologies) participated. A total of 528 Chileans completed the online CEER questionnaire, the relationship satisfaction scale (RAS) and dyadic adjustment scale (DAS): 27.8% were male, age M = 38.7, SD = 10.05, and time of the relationships M = 11.27, SD = 9.82. The content-based validity study made it possible to determine which items to include in the final version. Two unrelated first-order factors structure of the original test fit (RMSEA = .052, GFI = .97, AGFI = .95; CFI = .99; NFI = .98; and NNFI = .98). The CEER+ and CEER- factors presented adequate internal consistency (α = .79; ω = .80 and α = .85; ω = .85, respectively). The discrimination index of the factors were excellent (CEER+ = .55 and CEER- = .63). Validity evidence based on the relations to other variables showed a direct positive relation between CEER+, RAS and overall DAS, as well as their factors; and a negative relation between CEER-, RAS overall DAS, as well as their factors. The use of this instrument is recommended for the identification of Chilean couples where at least one of the partners has a less favorable opinion of their relationship, providing relevant data for couple’s therapy

Acciones que debe ejecutar la Policía Nacional para el desarrollo integral del Estado

La hipótesis de que la Policía por su misión fundamental y sus recursos limitados, no estaba en capacidad de cumplir acciones colaterales en favor del desarrollo del Estado. Más, a lo largo de la investigación se ha establecido que la Policía Nacional pese a sus limitaciones y de su misión Constitucional de garantizar el orden interno y la seguridad individual y social, constituir Fuerza Auxiliar de las Fuerzas Armadas; cumplir la sagrada misión de la Fuerza Pública, Defensa Civil y otras que le impones las leyes de la Republica; cumple también, exitosamente, actividades que coadyuvan al desarrollo del Estado Ecuatoriano ya sea en el campo de la Educación sistemática, la educación vial, en la salud, mediante el proyecto de organización y funcionamiento de la Red de Emergencias con una cobertura nacional que satisfaga los requerimientos de servicios médicos urgentes. La práctica de una movilización comunitaria, frente a la delincuencia, incentivando una nueva actitud ciudadana frente al delito y la organización de las brigadas barriales orden y seguridad. Cumple acciones renovadoras de los Puestos de auxilio inmediato con la participación del sector empresarial y bancario. Ha facilitado la organización, funcionamiento de la Unidad Anti Secuestro y extorsión UNASE y la colaboración de la comunidad para neutralizar los secuestros

Spain intra-industry trade in Latin America a bilateral analysis 2011 - 2021

26 p.The analysis and impact of international trade have been taking on great importance as a factor of macroeconomic prosperity; in the same way, the pattern of trade impacts the competitiveness of the country's industries. In this sense, the simultaneous exports and imports of the same sector that determine intra-industrial trade impact on the sectoral competitiveness trough the generation of international trade of industries and products belonging to the same statistical category; then not based on the comparative advantages of international trade; but on the competitive advantages derived from the differentiation of products and added value. Under this focus, the study of intra-industry trade between Spain and Latin America during the period 2011-2021 is the basic objective of this working paperEl análisis e impacto del comercio internacional ha ido tomando gran importancia como factor de prosperidad macroeconómica; de la misma manera que el patrón de comercio impacta la competitividad de las industrias de un país. En este sentido, las exportaciones e importaciones simultáneas de un mismo sector que determinan el comercio intraindustrial impactan en la competitividad sectorial al generar comercio internacional de sectores y productos pertenecientes a la misma categoría estadística; es decir, no basados en las ventajas comparativas del comercio internacional; sino en las ventajas competitivas derivadas de la diferenciación de productos y el valor añadido. Bajo este enfoque, el propósito básico de este documento de trabajo es el estudio del comercio intraindustrial entre España y Latinoamérica en el período 2011-2021

The influence of anthropogenic activities on the concentration of pesticides, physicochemical and microbiological properties in the Chumbao river, Andahuaylas, Perú

The province of Andahuaylas is located in the region of Apurimac, a Peruvian city located in the Andes. Andahuaylas has three important districts: San Jerónimo, Andahuaylas and Talavera. These areas are highly populated, and their buildings are close to the Chumbao River. This research aimed to determine the influence of anthropogenic activities on the concentration of pesticides, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics in the Chumbao River. Five agricultural activities, 19 organochlorine pesticides, and 25 organophosphorus pesticides were studied. Eighteen physicochemical properties and two microbiological properties were also studied at seven sampling points along the Chumbao River during the rainy and dry seasons. Several veterinary and agricultural products were identified in the agricultural activities studied. However, no significant concentration values of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides were found; no weed control products were found. In the case of livestock farming, albendazole and ivermectin are frequently used as anthelmintics. Organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides are used to control flies and other ectoparasites. Several pesticides have been identified in the surveys in the case of quinoa, potato, and corn crops. Some of the physicochemical and microbiological properties are above environmental quality standards according to current Peruvian regulations; these properties increase at points where wastewater is discharged directly into the river. The study evidenced a progressive deterioration of water quality in the Chumbao River caused by anthropic activities in the basin. These may cause infectious and parasitic diseases in the urban population of the Chumbao river valley

Pensamiento creativo y relaciones interpersonales en estudiantes universitarios

The study focuses on establishing the relationship of creative thinking with the interpersonal relationships of students of the Faculty of Education and Communication Sciences. The methodology presents a quantitative approach of correlational and transversal type; the technique was the multiple response questionnaire in Likert scale; the data treatment and analysis of the results was a bivariate analysis by Pearson correlation. The results of the study determined the significant correlation, according to the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, whose value R=0.731 with a p-value less than the degree of significance of 5%, This indicates that the degree of innovation and adaptation that students develop will directly affect their ability to interact with their peers. It is concluded that the degree of creative thinking is high in most students, which contributes to the improvement of human and interpersonal relationships in the various personal and academic activities.El estudio se enfoca en establecer la relación del pensamiento creativo con las relaciones interpersonales de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación y Ciencias de la Comunicación. La metodología presenta un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo correlacional y transversal; la técnica fue el cuestionario de respuesta múltiple en escala Likert; el tratamiento de los datos y análisis de los resultados fue un análisis bivariado mediante Correlación de Pearson. Los resultados del estudio determinaron la correlación significativa, según los resultados del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, cuyo valor R=0,731 con un p-valor menor al grado de significancia del 5%, lo cual indica que el grado de innovación y adaptación que desarrollen los estudiantes, directamente incidirá en la capacidad de relacionarse con sus compañeros. Se concluye que el grado de pensamiento creativo es alto en la mayoría de los estudiantes, lo cual contribuye a la mejora de las relaciones humanas e interpersonales en las distintas actividades personales y académicas

Urinary protein/creatinine ratio versus 24-hour proteinuria in the evaluation of lupus nephritis

INTRODUCTION: The urinary protein/creatinine ratio has been used instead of 24-hour proteinuria in Nephrology practice for the follow-up of glomerular diseases, considering the advantages of collection and the low cost. However, there are still doubts as to its applicability both for an isolated evaluation and for the follow-up of patients with lupus nephritis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 24-hour proteinuria determinations and random urine samples, performing urinary creatinine correction and urinary protein/creatinine ratio in subjects with lupus nephritis. METHODS: 24-hour proteinuria and urinary protein/creatinine ratio were determined by conventional methods (automated Pyrogallol for proteinuria and alkaline picrate for creatinine). RESULTS: Seventy-eight urine samples of 41 patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, according to the American Rheumatology Association, with lupus nephritis, were analyzed, and a good correlation between 24-hour proteinuria and urinary protein/creatinine ratio (r = 0.9010 and r² = 0.813) was observed. However, a poor correlation between random proteinuria (without creatinine correction) versus 24-hour proteinuria (r = 0.635 and r² = 0.403) or versus urinary protein/creatinine ratio (r = 0.754 and r² = 0.569) was seen. CONCLUSION: 24-hour proteinuria and urinary protein/creatinine ratio were useful in the follow-up of each case. However, we observed that the absolute values were different, which did not allow the replacement of one for the other during follow-up, especially when this result is used to define the activity of the disease. Based on these results, we suggest a period of intersection from one to the other (two to three determinations by both methods), and the choice of one marker for proteinuria follow-up, if necessary.INTRODUÇÃO: Tem-se defendido a utilização do índice urinário proteína e creatinina em substituição à determinação de proteinúria de 24 horas para acompanhamento de doenças glomerulares, considerando-se as vantagens de maior facilidade na coleta e o menor custo. Entretanto, há dúvidas quanto à pertinência de usar este índice tanto numa avaliação isolada como no seguimento de pacientes com nefrite lúpica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as determinações de proteinúria de 24 horas e proteinúria em amostra isolada de urina, fazendo a correção pela creatinina urinária, relação proteinúria/creatininúria, em indivíduos com nefrite lúpica. MÉTODOS: Determinações de proteinúria de 24 horas e relação proteinúria/creatininúria por métodos convencionais (Pirogalol automatizado para proteinúria e picrato alcalino para creatinina). RESULTADOS: Foram comparadas 78 amostras de urina de 41 pacientes com diagnóstico de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, segundo os critérios da Associação Americana de Reumatologia, com nefrite lúpica, constatando-se uma boa correlação entre proteinúria de 24 horas e relação proteinúria/creatininúria (r = 0,9010 e r² = 0,813). Não se observou, entretanto, uma boa correlação entre proteinúria em amostra isolada (sem correção pela creatinina urinária) versus aquela de 24 horas (r = 0,635 e r² = 0,403) ou versus relação proteinúria/creatininúria (r = 0,754 e r² = 0,569). CONCLUSÃO: Os marcadores de proteinúria de 24 horas e relação proteinúria/creatininúria isoladamente mostraram-se úteis no acompanhamento de cada caso. Porém, observou-se que os seus valores absolutos são diferentes, não possibilitando a substituição de um pelo outro ao longo do seguimento, particularmente quando este resultado é usado para definição de atividade da doença. Se necessário, sugere-se um período de intersecção (duas a três determinações pelos dois métodos) para mudança de um para outro e escolha de um único marcador preferencial para seguimento da proteinúria.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Setor de GlomerulopatiasHospital do Rim Laboratório CentralUNIFESP Setor de Glomerulopatias Laboratório de Glomerulopatias e Imunopatologia RenalUNIFESP, Setor de GlomerulopatiasUNIFESP, Setor de Glomerulopatias Laboratório de Glomerulopatias e Imunopatologia RenalSciEL